简介：ThisstudyproposesaGreen’sfunction,anessentialrepresentationofwater-saturatedgroundundermovingexcitation,tosimulategroundbornevibrationfromtrains.First,generalsolutionstothegoverningequationsofporoelasticmediumarederivedbymeansofintegraltransform.Secondly,thetransmissionandreflectionmatrixapproachisusedtoformulatetherelationshipbetweendisplacementandstressofthestratifiedground,whichresultsinthematrixoftheGreen’sfunction.ThentheGreen’sfunctioniscombinedintoatrain-track-groundmodel,andisverifiedbytypicalexamplesandafieldtest.Additionalsimulationsshowthatthecomputedgroundvibrationattenuatesfasterintheimmediatevicinityofthetrackthaninthesurroundingarea.Thewavelengthofwheel-railunevennesshasanotableeffectoncomputeddisplacementandporepressure.Thevariationofvibrationintensitywiththedepthofgroundissignificantlyinfluencedbythelayeringofthestratasoil.WhenthetrainspeedisequaltothevelocityoftheRayleighwave,theMachconeappearsinthesimulatedwavefield.TheproposedGreen’sfunctionisanappropriaterepresentationforalayeredgroundwithshallowgroundwatertable,andwillbehelpfultounderstandthedynamicresponsesofthegroundtocomplicatedmovingexcitation.

简介：

简介：TheregionaltectonicbackgroundandcharacteristicsofactivefaultsoftheYutianMS7.3earthquakeonFebruary12,2014arediscussedinthispaper.AftertheanalysisoftheepicenterareaoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014andthefocalmechanismsoftheformerstrongearthquakesaroundit,theauthorsdeducedthattheseismogenicfaultoftheMS7.3earthquakeistheeastbranchoftheAshikulefault.TheMS7.3earthquakein2014andtheMS7.3earthquakein2008aretwostrongearthquakeeventsonthedifferentsectionsoftheAltunTaghfault,wherethefaultbehaviorchangesfromsinistralsliptonormalfaultingbecauseoftheextensionaltaileffectsinthesouthernendoftheAltunTaghfault.ItisconcludedthatthetwoMS7.3earthquakeshavethesamedynamicsource,andtheMS7.3earthquakein2008promotedtheoccurrenceoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014.Finally,wecalculatetheCoulombstresschangetotheseismogenicfaultoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014fromtheMS7.3earthquakein2008usingthelayeredcrustmodel.TheresultalsoshowsthattheMS7.3earthquakein2008acceleratedtheoccurrenceoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014.

简介：江苏高邮、宝应Ms4．9级地震在极震区造成了数10间农村民居不同程度和不同方式的破坏，出现人员伤亡。震后对地震灾害现场进行震害调查与破坏原因研究，典型的震害特征包括砖砌体、砖木和砖混结构房屋局部倾倒、墙体贯通开裂、房顶瓦片掀翻和烟囱倒塌等。农村民居遭到破坏的主要因素包括：选址不当、施工质量较差、砂浆强度不够、缺少圈梁和构造柱等。同时，分析了竖向地震作用和鞭梢效应等地震效应，讨论了砖砌体和砖混结构抗震设计的加固方法和改善抗震性能的构造措施等，为农村民居的抗震设防和减轻震害损失等提供参考。

简介：EarthquakesofM_S5.6andM_S6.1occurredinYingjiang,YunnanonMay24andMay30,2014respectively.Inthispaper,weusethewaveformdatarecordedbymobileseismicstations(KAC)whichweresetupinthesourceareaaftertheYingjiangMS5.6earthquakeonMay24,2014tostudytheshear-wavesplittingcharacteristicsofYingjiangM_S6.1earthquakesequencewiththeSAMmethod.Theresultshowsthatpredominantpolarizationoffastshear-wavesbeforetheM_S6.1earthquakeisconsistentwiththedirectionofregionalprincipalcompressivestress,andpredominantpolarizationoffastshear-wavesbeforetheM_S6.1earthquakeshowbetterconsistencyandsmallerdispersioncomparedtoaftertheM_S6.1earthquake,andtheremaybeadeflectionforthefastshearwavespredominantpolarizationbetweentheM_S6.1earthquakesequenceandforeshocksequence.Wefoundthatthetime-delaysgenerallyexhibitedalowerlevelbeforetheM_S6.1earthquakeandarelativelyhighervalueaftertheM_S6.1earthquake.

简介：本文研究了1920年以来,云南地区M_s≥4.7级地震的时间序列及空间分布的特征标度。结果表明,当区内M_s≥4.7级地震在时间序列上出现我们定义的平静段和活跃段后,分别于418天和312天内即可能发生6级以上地震,对应率分别为71％和87％,1920年以来云南11次M_s≥6.8级地震前,出现活跃和平静特征标度的各5次。在空间上绝大多数(80％)大震震中处于我们所定义的长时间大范围空白缺震背景区或相对少震区内,仅少数(20％)位于4.7级以上地震相对密集区内或附近。4.7级以上地震上述时间序列及空间分布特征标度,可以作为云南6级,特别是6.8级以上地震中期或短期预测的判据和指标。同时可以看出,云南6级以上地震前,4.7级以上地震在时空演变上,经历了从无序到有序的演化过程。

简介：StaticCoulombstresschangeinducedbyearthquakeslipisfrequentlyusedtoexplainearthquakeactivitiesandaftershockdistribution.However,someparametersfortheCoulombstresscalculationareunabletobewellconstrainedfromlaboratoryexperimentsandfieldobservations.DifferentparametersmaydirectlyaffectthepatternofstaticCoulombstress.ThestaticCoulombstresschangesinducedbytheWenchuanearthquakecalculatedbysixresearchgroupsarenotconsistentwitheachother.Toinvestigatehowtheparametersaffectthecalculationresults,wechangetheparametersinturnthroughmodelingandcomparetheresultsofdifferentcalculationparameters.Wefindthatgravity,positionandstrikeofreceiverfaultshavelittleinfluenceoncoseismicCoulombstresscalculations,butotherparameterscanchangethevalueandsignoftheresultsinvariousdegreesespeciallyaroundtheearthquakeruptureplane.ThereforetheuncertaintyanalysisofstaticCoulombstresschangeinducedbyearthquakeshouldbetakenintoconsiderationintheearthquakehazardanalysis.

简介：在地球旋转和1975Haicheng，辽宁Ms7.3地震，2008Wenchuan，四川Ms8.0地震和2004苏门答腊Msg之间的关系。在他们以前发生在震中区域附近的0地震，以及中等小的地震在这研究被调查。获得的结果能有益于在地球旋转和地震之间的关系的进一步的理解。

简介：OnJuly22,2013,theMinxian-ZhangxianM_S6.6earthquakeoccurredontheeastsegmentofLintan-Dangchangfault.TheanalysisofdigitalelevationandremotesensingimagingshowsthattheeastsegmentofLintan-Dangchangfaultisstillactiveandthemainthrustfeatureofthefaultswitchestoleftlateralslip.Withthefieldresearchofintensityanddamage,severalabnormalareasofdegreeⅧspreadintheisoseismallineofdegreeⅦandsomeabnormalareasofdegreeⅦspreadintheisoseismallineofdegreeⅥ.Theseabnormalareasaredistributedalongthehangingwallofthefaultinawidthof2km.TheanalysisbasedontheremotesensinganddigitalelevationmodelshowsthatthesegmentoftheLintan-DangchangfaultsouthofMinxianmainlyslipsinleftliteral.Thefaultmovementmadethesoilsoftinthefaultzone.Theearthquakemotionpropagatedalongthefaultzone.Thereforethestrongearthquakemotioncausedfoundationfailureinthesoftsoilalongthefaultzoneandtheabnormalintenseareasofdisasterformed.

简介：OnthebasisofthepreviousstudiesofthelayeredcrustalmodelintheYutianarea,combinedwiththefieldGPScontinuousobservationdata,weroughlyestimatetheviscouscoefficientofeachlayer.Withtheviscoelastichorizontallayermodel,wecalculatetheviscoelasticco-seismicCoulombstresschangecausedbytheYutianM_S7.3earthquakes2008and2014respectively.BasedontheCoulombstresschange,usingthecalculationmethodof"direct"aftershockfrequency,wecomeupwiththetheoreticalearthquakefrequencydirectlyrelatedtothemainshockandtheco-seismicCoulombstresschangeinthestudyarea.Thenweputforwardamethod,basedonthecomparisonoftheoreticalandactualearthquakefrequencyorthecomparisonbetweentheoreticalandpracticalearthquakefrequency-distancedecaycurvefittingresiduals,toestimatethemagnitudeofamaximumsequentearthquake,directlyrelatedtothemainshockco-seismicCoulombstresschange.Resultscalculatedbydifferentmethodsshowthatthemaximumfollow-upearthquakemagnitudecausedbythecoseismicCoulombstresschangeliesfromM_S7.2toM_S7.5followingYutianM_S7.3earthquakein2008;butthatofthe2014YutianM_S7.3earthquakeisM_S6.3.TheformerisveryclosetotheYutianM_S7.3earthquakein2014.Becauseofthesamemagnitude,relativelyclosespatialdistance,shorttimeinterval,thesameregionoftheexternalforce,thestrongcorrelationbetweentwoseismictectonicandaclearstressinteraction,wethusconsiderthatthetwoYutianM_S7.3earthquakesin2008and2014constituteapairofgeneralizeddoubleshocktypeearthquake.Thisisconsistentwiththesequencetypecharacteristicofpast"doubleshock"earthquakesintheregion.Inthispaper,theinfluenceofthemagnitudelowerlimitandtheb-valueintherelationshipofG-Rontheresultsisdiscussed.Asaresult,whentheviscoelasticcoseismicCoulombstressvariationisdetermined,thelowerlimitofmagnitudehaslittleeffectonthemaximumsequentearthquakemagnitude

简介：本文收集了青藏高原区7级以上以走滑为主的30个地震的地表破裂参数资料,拟合出了青藏高原区新的震级与破裂带长度统计关系式,并结合前人的统计关系式,分别通过破裂带长度估算震级,求出了估算震级与仪器震级的差值。同时将差值为正值（即估算震级偏大）的归为一类,差值为负值（估算震级偏小）的归为另一类,做了分析和对比。研究发现,差值为正值的地震所处的走滑断裂带一般位于一级块体或次级块体的边界断裂带上;差值为负值的地震所处的走滑断裂带大多位于一级块体或次级块体内部断裂带或断裂带的交汇处。基于上述分类的差异,作者对不同回归关系计算的差值数据进行了统计分析,分别给出了修正计算结果不确定性的参考值,为降低估算震级的不确定性提供了理论依据。

简介：Alargeearthquake(MW=7.6)occurredinJiji(Chi-Chi),Taiwan,ChinaonSeptember20,1999,andwasfollowedbymanymoderate-sizeshocksinthefollowingdays.TwoofthelargestaftershockswiththemagnitudesofMW=6.1andMW=6.2,respectively,wereusedasempiricalGreen(sfunctions(EGFs)toobtainthesourcetimefunctions(STFs)ofthemainshockfromlong-periodwaveformdataoftheGlobalDigitalSeismographNetwork(GDSN)includingIRIS,GEOSCOPEandCDSN.FortheMW=6.1aftershockofSeptember22,therewere97pairsofphasesclearenoughfrom78recordingsof26stations;fortheMW=6.2aftershockofSeptember25,therewere81pairsofphasesclearenoughfrom72recordingsof24stations.Foreachstation,2typesofSTFswereretrieved,whicharecalledP-STFandS-STFduetobeingfromPandSphases,respectively.Totally,178STFindividualswereobtainedforsource-processanalysisofthemainshock.Itwasnoticedthat,ingeneral,STFsfrommostofthestationshadsimilaritiesexceptthatthoseinspecialazimuthslookeddifferentoroddduetothemechanismdifferencebetweenthemainshockandtheaftershocks;andindetail,theshapesoftheSTFsvariedwithazimuth.BothofthemreflectedthestabilityandreliabilityoftheretrievedSTFs.ThecomprehensiveanalysisofthoseSTFssuggestedthatthiseventconsistedoftwosub-events,thetotaldurationtimewasabout26s,andontheaverage,thesecondeventwasabout7slaterthanthefirstone,andthemoment-rateamplitudeofthefirsteventwasabout15%largerthanthatofthesecondone.

简介：Basedonwaveformdata,severalmethodstodeterminefocalmechanismsofsmallearthquakesweredevelopedsince1980.Kisslinger(1980)andJulian,Foulger(1996)proposedanapproachtodeterminesolutionbyusingamplituderatioofPandSwave.Schwartz(1995)devisedamethodtodeterminesolutionsbytheuseofpolaritydataandamplitudesofseismogramenvelopes.Amplitudesofshortperiodseismicwavespropagatinginaninhomogene-ousmediumaresensitivetothevariationinvelocityandQstructure.Nakamura,etal(1999)tookmediuminhomo-geneityintoaccountindeterminingfocalmechanismsofsmallearthquakesusingwaveformdata.Ifthelocationsofsmallearthquakesareconcentratedinasmallregion,wecanassumethattheraypathsfromtheeventstoagivenstationarealmostthesame.SoPandSwaveattenuationsareindependentofeventlocations.Inthiscaseitiscon-venienttodeterminefocalmechanismsoftheseeventsbyusingshortperiodPandSwavedataj.Focalmechanismsolutionsofsmallearthquakesin5regions,i.e.,Rongchang,Mabian-Muchuan,Ya￠an,BaoxingandMianzhu,whicharecoveredbytheChengduTelemeteredNetwork,areobtainedbyanalyzingthePpolarityandshortbodywaveamplitudedatarecordedinthenetworksince1992.AccordingtothemethodproposedbyGephartandForsyth(1984),basedonwelldeterminedfocalmechanismsolutionsin15sub-zonesofSichuanandYunnanarea,threeprincipalstresstensorss1,s2,ands3,insteadofaveragesofP,B,andTaxisofthesolutions,aredeterminedtorepresenttheregionalstressfielddistribution.