简介:证人豁免制度作为不得强迫自证其罪特免权发展过程中历史的必然的产物,其对于公共利益之维护必不可少。美国立法历经不得强迫自证其罪特免权的绝对保障,到罪行豁免,再到使用豁免的沿革过程。从美国司法实践而言,证人豁免制度经历了从控方证人豁免到辩方证人豁免的发展历程,并且正式证人豁免和非正式证人豁免并存。在我国刑事司法实践中,特别是在贿赂犯罪中,出现了类似于证人豁免制度的做法,但这种不具备实质性的做法只是追诉机关打击犯罪的工具。我国刑事法律并未规定证人豁免制度。我国应在借鉴国外证人豁免制度的基础上,建立起中国式的证人豁免制度。
简介:摘要目的观察不能手术的原发性肝癌,单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)与肝动脉栓塞化疗联合伽玛刀治疗的疗效及毒副反应.方法96例不能手术的原发性肝癌患者,52例行肝动脉栓塞化疗,44例行TACE联合伽玛刀治疗.结果介入组及联合组2年局部控制率分别为32.8%、42.5%,3年局部控制率分别为22.5%、35.8%.结论不能手术的原发性肝癌介入加伽玛刀治疗比单纯介入治疗疗效好.关键词原发性肝癌;介入栓塞化疗;放射治疗.Effectsoftranscatheterarterialchemoembolizationcombinedwithorwithoutγ-kniferadiotherapyonpatientswithunresectablehepatocellularcarcinomaZhangxue-cheng,Hexuan,WangYong-feng,Zhaochen-nianDepartmentofOncology,ShaanxiCorpsHospital,ChinesePeople??sArmedPoliceForces,Xi??an,Shaanxi710054;China.AbstractObjectiveToevaluateeffectsoftranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TACE)combinedwithorwithoutγ-kniferadiotherapyonpatientswithadvancedunresectablehepatocellularcarcinoma.Methods96casesofprimaryhepaticcarcinoma,52casesofhepaticarterialchemoembolization,44casesofTACEcombinedwithgammaknifetreatment.ResultsForTACEgroupandCombinedgroup,the2year??slocalcontrolrateswere32.8%and42.5%,respectively.and3year??slocalcontrolrateswere22.5%、35.8%.ConclusionTheefficacyofTACEcombinedwithγ-kniferadiotherapywasbetterthanTACEaloneforadvancedunreseKcteayblweorhdespatocellularcarcinoma.Thetoxicitywassimilar,andisclinicalacceptable.hepatocellularcarcinoma;chemotherapy;radiotherapy中图分类号R735.7文献标识码B文章编号1008-6315(2015)12-0589-01