简介：Predictingprotein-codinggenesstillremainsasignificantchallenge.Althoughavarietyofcomputationalprogramsthatusecommonlymachinelearningmethodshaveemerged,theaccuracyofpredictionsremainsalowlevelwhenimplementinginlargegenomicsequences.Moreover,computationalgenefindinginnewlyse-quencedgenomesisespeciallyadifficulttaskduetotheabsenceofatrainingsetofabundantvalidatedgenes.Herewepresentanewgene-findingprogram,SCGPred,toimprovetheaccuracyofpredictionbycombiningmultiplesourcesofevidence.SCGPredcanperformbothsupervisedmethodinpreviouslywell-studiedgenomesandunsupervisedoneinnovelgenomes.BytestingwithdatasetscomposedoflargeDNAsequencesfromhumanandanovelgenomeofUstilagomaydi,SCG-Predgainsasignificantimprovementincomparisontothepopularabinitiogenepredictors.WealsodemonstratethatSCGPredcansignificantlyimprovepredic-tioninnovelgenomesbycombiningseveralforeigngenefinderswithsimilarityalignments,whichissuperiortootherunsupervisedmethods.Therefore,SCG-Predcanserveasanalternativegene-findingtoolfornewlysequencedeukaryoticgenomes.Theprogramisfreelyavailableathttp://bio.scu.edu.cn/SCGPred/.

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简介：暂时的采矿是在要求连续幼虫的阶段的改编到endophytic和ectophytic生命的叶寄生虫的一个古怪行为的特点。为特点的起源的第一条石块证据来自白垩纪(都兰语)植物--包含叶寄生虫的富有的踪迹集合的Negev沙漠的昆虫地区，包括有叶的大块斑点矿，片为诉讼建设，以及依附的幼虫的诉讼切掉。寄植物与突现的叶子是脱落阔叶烟草或水的被子植物，建议习惯的那起始的获得可能与为是的larva的叶截去和风险有关在矿的chocked在洪水期间。不同于永久矿工的轨道，暂时的矿从来不与另外的类型矿在叶子共同发生，它证明他们提高植物抵抗的效果。矿捕食看起来在白垩纪关於生命的社区是普遍的，建议在他们的进化发展的这个早阶段的采矿习惯的自顶向下的规定的可能性。

简介：Sequence-basedmolecularphylogenieshaveprovidednewmodelsofearlyeukaryoticevolution.Thisincludesthewidelyacceptedhypothesisthatanimalsarerelatedmostcloselytofungi,andthatthetwoshouldbegroupedtogetherastheOpisthokonta.Althoughmostpublishedphylogenieshavesupportedanopisthokontrelationship,anumberofgenescontainatree-buildingsignalthatclustersanimalandgreenplantsequences,totheexclusionoffungi.Thealternativetree-buildingsignalisespeciallyintriguinginlightofemergingdatafromgenomicandproteomicstudiesthatindicatestrikingandpotentiallysynapomorphicsimilaritiesbetweenplantsandanimals.Thispaperreviewsthesenewlinesofevidence,whichhaveyettobeincorporatedintomodelsofbroadscaleeukaryoticevolution.

简介：Diversityandcompositionoflepidopteranmicrobiotasarepoorlyinvestigated,especiallyacrossthedifferentdevelopmentalstages.Toimprovethisknowledge,wecharacterizethemicrobiotaamongdifferentdevelopmentalstagesoftheIndianmealmoth,Plodiainterpunctella,whichisconsideredoneofthemajorpestofcommoditiesworld-wide.Usingculture-independentapproachbasedonIllumina16SrRNAgenesequencingwecharacterizedthemicrobiotaoffourdevelopmentalstages:eggs,first-,andlast-instarlarvae,andadult.Atotalof1022bacterialOTUswereobtained,showingaquitediversifiedmicrobiotaassociatedtoalltheanalyzedstages.ThemicrobiotasassociatedwithP.interpunctellaresultedalmostconstantthroughoutthedevelopmentalstages,withapproximately77%ofbacterialOTUsbelongingtothephylumofProteobacteria.ThedominantbacterialgenusisrepresentedbyBurkholderia(?64%),followedbyPropionibacterium,Delftia,Pseudomonas,andStenotrophomonas.Acorebacterialcommunity,composedof139OTUs,wasdetectedinallthedevelopmentalstages,amongwhich112OTUswereassignedtothegenusBurkholderia.Aphylogeneticreconstruction,basedonthe16SrRNA,revealedthatourBurkholderiaOTUsclusteredwithBurkholderiacepaciacomplex,inthesamegroupofthoseisolatedfromthehemipteransGossypariaspuriaandAcanthococcusaceris.Thefunctionalprofiling,predictedonthebaseofthebacterial16SrRNA,indicatesdifferencesinthemetabolicpathwaysrelatedtometabolismofaminoacidsbetweenpreimaginalandadultstages.Wecanhypothesizethatbacteriamaysupporttheinsecthostduringpreimaginalstages.

简介：物候学允许有机体通过生命周期调整克服季节地可变的条件。在物候学罐头的变化急速地修改一张人口的进化轨道，当在繁殖时间的移动可以引起allochronic区别时。可继承的繁殖时间的假设试验性地被测试，由学习松processionary蛾Thaumetopoeapityocampa的一张唯一的人口(兽穴。与Schiff)它，并且不管多么有转移物候学与跟随古典生命周期的典型人口共同发生。当两种类型的人口在控制条件下面被饲养时，繁殖时间被维持异步在这块地里观察了。转移人口在实验室被操作比平常晚复制，然而，后代在因此回到平常的周期的期望的日期出现在下一年里。从在2张人口之间执行的十字的混血儿显示出中间的物候学。从父母和后代的出现时间，繁殖时间的高可遗传性(h=0.76)被观察。从十字的每种类型获得的后代遗传上用microsatellite标记被描绘。贝叶斯的聚类分析证实混血儿能成功地被识别并且由genotyping与父母基因班分开了。调查结果支持为这张特别人口，早期的allochronic种形成由于在进一步引起配对的交配的繁殖时间的可继承的移动并且可能最后响应环境变化引起生态的adaptation/maladaptation的假设。

简介：热吃惊(HS)表明的在transducing的肌醇1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP(3))的角色在Arabidopsis被检验。整个植物的IP(3)水平在37度C在HS的1min以内增加了。在HS的3min以后，IP(3)水平到达了最大值2.5褶层增加。用有AtHsp18.2promoter-beta-glucuronidase(GUS)的转基因的Arabidopsis植物熔化基因，GUS活动的水平在non-HS和HS温度由将关入笼中的IP(3)的增加是起来调整的并且由phospholipaseC(PLC)禁止者是下面调整的，这被发现{1-[6-((17beta-3-Methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl]-2,5-pyrrolidinedione}(U-73122)。细胞内部免费的钙离子集中([Ca(2+)](i))在表示apoaequorin的暂停有教养的Arabidopsis房间在37度C在HS期间增加了。有U-73122的处理阻止了增加[Ca(2+)](i)到某程度。上面的结果在更高的植物在HS信号transduction为IP(3)的可能的参与提供了主要证据。

简介：AreviewontheresearchofMicroElectromechanicalSystems(MEMS)technologybasedbiomimeticciliaispresented.Biomimeticcilia,enabledbytheadvancementofMEMStechnology,havebeenunderdynamicdevelopmentforthepastdecade.AfterabriefdescriptionofthebackgroundofciliaandMEMStechnology,differentbiomimeticciliaapplicationsarereviewed.Biomimeticciliamicro-actuators,includingmicromachinedpolyimidebimorphbiomimeticciliamicro-actuator,electro-staticallyactuatedpolymerbiomimeticciliamicro-actuator,andmagneticallyactuatednanorodarraybiomimeticciliamicro-actuator,arepresented.Subsequentlymicromachinedunderwaterflowbiomimeticciliamicro-sensorisstudied,followedbyacousticflowmicro-sensor.ThefabricationoftheseMEMS-basedbiomimeticciliadevices,characterizationoftheirphysicalproperties,andtheresultsoftheirapplicationexperimentsarediscussed.

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简介：Anewmethodforirisidentificationbasedonmultiwaveletsisproposed.Bymeansofthepropertiesofmultiwavelets,suchasorthogonality,symmetry,vanishingmomentsandapproximationorder,theiristexturecanbesimplypresented.Abriefoverviewofmuhiwaveletsispresentedatfirst.Irisidentificationsystemandiristexturefeaturepresentationandrecognitionbasedonmultiwaveletsareintroducedsubsequently.Andtheexperimentindicatesthevalidityofthismethodfinally.

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简介：Therearemanykindsofswimmingmodeinthefishworld,andweinvestigatedtwoofthem,usedbycyprinidsandbulltrout.Inthispaperwetrackthelocomotionlocusbymarksindifferentflowvelocityfrom0.2m·s-1to0.8m·s-1.Byfitthedataabovewecouldfindoutthelocomotionmechanismofthetwokindsoffishandgenerateamathematicalmodeloffishkinematics.Thecyprinidfishhasagreateroscillationperiodandamplitudecomparedwiththebulltrout,andthebulltroutchangesvelocitymainlybycontrollingfrequencyofoscillation.

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简介：AconceptofSpecificStructureEfficiency(SSE)wasproposedthatcanbeusedinthelightweighteffectevaluationofstructures.Themainproceduresofbionicstructuredesignwereintroducedsystematically.Theparameterrelationshipbetweenhollowstemofplantandtheminimumweightwasdeducedindetail.InordertoimproveSSEofpylons,thestructuralcharacteristicsofhollowstemwereinvestigatedandextracted.Bionicpylonwasdesignedbasedonanalogousbiologicalstructuralcharacteristics.Usingfiniteelementmethodbasedsimulation,thedisplacementsandstressesinthebionicpylonwerecomparedwiththoseoftheconventionalpylon.ResultsshowthattheSSEofbionicpylonisimprovedobviously.Static,dynamicandelectromagnetismtestswerecarriedoutonconventionalandbionicpylons.Theweight,stress,displacementandRadarCrossSection(RCS)ofbothpylonsweremeasured.ExperimentalresultsillustratethattheSSEofbionicpylonismarkedlyimprovedthatspecificstrengthefficiencyandspecificstiffnessefficiencyofbionicpylonareincreasedby52.9%and43.6%respectively.TheRCSofbionicpylonisreducedsignificantly.

简介：ThepropertiesofFeMnSiCrNishapememoryalloywereinvestigated.TheresultsshowthatthebestshapememoryeffectofFel4Mn6Si9Cr5Nialloyis85%.Thetransformationamountoftheε→γtransformationisnotcompleteafterheatingthealloyto1000K,AsandAfpointsdropwithincreasedtransformationenthalpy(△Hγ→ε)bythermalcyclingandincreasedprestrain.Thealloyshowsalsogoodcreepandstressrelaxationresistance.Inaddition,thealloyhavingatensileforceof20kNandasealingpressureof6MPacansatisfyrequirementsforpossibleindustrialapplicationonpipejoints.

简介：Anyonefollowingtheprogressofroboticsfieldsforaerial,underwaterorgroundapplicationsappreciatestheimportanceoflearningofgooddesignfromnature.Theemerging

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简介：Simulatingbiologicalolfactoryneuralsystem,KⅢnetwork,whichisahigh-dimensionalchaoticneuralnetwork,isdesignedinthispaper.Differentfromconventionalartificialneuralnetwork,theKⅢnetworkworksinitschaotictrajectory.ItcansimulatenotonlytheoutputEEGwaveformobservedinelectrophysiologicalexperiments,butalsothebiologicalintelligenceforpatternclassification.Thesimulationanalysisandapplicationtotherecognitionofhandwritingnmeralsarepresentedhere.TheclassificationperformanceoftheKⅢnetworkatdifferentnoiselevelswasalsoinvestigated.

简介：Sincepigisanimportantlivestockspeciesworldwide,itsgeneexpressionhasbeeninvestigatedintensively,butrarelyinbrain.Inordertostudygeneexpressionprofilesinthepigcentralnervoussystem,wesequencedandanalyzed43,122highquality5′endexpressedsequencetags(ESTs)fromporcinecerebellum,cortexcerebrum,andbrainstemcDNAlibraries,involvingseveraldifferentprenatalandpostnataldevelopmentalstages.TheinitialESTswereassembledinto16,101clustersandcomparedtoproteinandnucleicaciddatabasesinGenBank.Ofthesesequences,30.6%clustersmatchedproteindatabasesandrepresentedfunctionknownsequences;75.1%hadsignificanthitstonucleicaciddatabasesandpartialrepresentedknownfunction;73.3%matchedknownporcineESTs;and21.5%hadnomatchestoanyknownsequencesinGenBank.WeusedthecategoriesdefinedbytheGeneOntologytosurveygeneexpressionintheporcinebrain.