简介：Cardiovasculardisease(CVD)isthenumberonecauseofmortalityworld-wideandplacesahighmedicalandsocioeconomicburdenondevelopingcountries.OurunderstandingofCVDanditsevolutionoverthelast100yearshasalteredconsiderably.ReasonsfortheincreasedrateofCVDinthedevelopingworldincluderapidurbanizationandthedemographicshiftknownasthemodernepidemiologictransition.ThecaseforinterventionisbasedonbothmajorhumanandeconomicimpactsofCVD.Ithasbeenestimatedthatcost-effectiveinterventionsindevelopingcountrieswithahighburdenofCVDcouldresultinaprojected24millionlivessaved.ThisreductioninCVDmortalitycouldreduceeconomiccostsby$8billion.Approachestointerventioninclude:1)cardiovascularhealthpromotionandCVDpreventionand2)actionplansadvocatedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.

简介：Cardiovasculardisease(CVD)istheleadingcauseofdeathworldwide.ThisarticlefocusesoncurrentguidelinesfortheprimarypreventionofCVDandaddressesmanagementofkeyriskfactors.Dietarymodification,weightloss,exercise,andtobaccousecessationarespecificareaswherefocusedeffortscansuccessfullyreduceCVDriskonbothanindividualandasocietallevel.Specificareasrequiringmanagementincludedyslipidemia,hypertension,physicalactivity,diabetes,aspirinuse,andalcoholintake.Thesepreventiveeffortshavemajorpublichealthimplications.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestogrow,healthcareexpenditureswillalsorise,withthepotentialtoeventuallyoverwhelmthehealthcaresystem.ThereforeitisimperativetoapplyourcollectiveeffortsonCVDpreventiontoimprovethecardiovascularhealthofindividuals,communities,andnations.

简介：Airwaydiseasesarethemostcommonlydescribedlungmanifestationsofinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).However,thesimilaritiesindiseasepathogenesisandthesharingofimportantenvironmentalriskfactorsandgeneticsusceptibilitysuggestthatthereisacomplexinterplaybetweenIBDandairwaydiseases.RecentevidenceofIBDoccurrenceamongpatientswithairwaydiseasesandthehigherthanestimatedprevalenceofsubclinicalairwayinjuriesamongIBDpatientssupportthehypothesisofatwo-wayassociation.Futureresearcheffortsshouldbedirectedtowardfurtherexplorationofthisassociation,asairwaydiseasesarehighlyprevalentconditionswithasubstantialpublichealthimpact.

简介：Parkinsonsdisease(PD)isacommon,progressiveneurodegenerativediseasecharacterisedbydegenerationofnigrostriataldopaminergicneurons,aggregationofα-synucleinandmotorsymptoms.Currentdopamine-replacementstrategiesprovidesymptomaticrelief,howevertheireffectivenesswearoffovertimeandtheirprolongeduseleadstodisablingside-effectsinPDpatients.ThereisthereforeacriticalneedtodevelopnewdrugsanddrugtargetstoprotectdopaminergicneuronsandtheiraxonsfromdegenerationinPD.Overrecentyears,therehasbeenrobustevidencegeneratedshowingthatepigeneticdysregulationoccursinPDpatients,andthatepigeneticmodulationisapromisingtherapeuticapproachforPD.Thisarticlefirstdiscussesthepresentevidenceimplicatingglobal,anddopaminergicneuron-specific,alterationsinthemethylomeinPD,andthetherapeuticpotentialofpharmacologicallytargetingthemethylome.Itthenfocusesonanothermechanismofepigeneticregulation,histoneacetylation,anddescribeshowthehistoneacetyltransferase(HAT)andhistonedeacetylase(HDAC)enzymesthatmediatethisprocessareattractivetherapeutictargetsforPD.Itdiscussestheuseofactivatorsand/orinhibitorsofHDACsandHATsinmodelsofPD,andhowtheseapproachesfortheselectivemodulationofhistoneacetylationelicitneuroprotectiveeffects.Finally,itoutlinesthepotentialofemployingsmallmoleculeepigeneticmodulatorsasneuroprotectivetherapiesforPD,andthefutureresearchthatwillberequiredtodetermineandrealisethistherapeuticpotential.

简介：Thedeveloppercutaneoustreatmentsformitralregurgitation(MR)havebeenbasedonestablishedsurgicalprocedures.Mostarebasedinsomewayonmitralannuloplasty.IndirectangioplastyutilizingcoronarysinusandleafletrepairwiththeMitraClipdevicehavethemostdevelopmentandclinicalapplication.Morerecently,afterthesuccessoftranscatheteraorticvalvereplacement,transcathetermitralvalvereplacementhasemerged.Acriticalunansweredquestioniswhattherelativerolesofvalverepairandvalvereplacementwillbe.ThelargestexperienceinpracticeiswithMitraClipleafletrepair.Theevidencebaseforthedevelopmentofthesenoveltherapiesincludessomedatainsurgicalcandidates,andregistrystudiesthathavebeendonepredominantlyinhighriskpopulations.

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简介：T1mappingusingcardiovascularmagneticresonance(CMR)introducesnoveltechniquesformyocardialtissuecharacterizationtodetectandquantifydiseaseprocessesoccurringatthemicroscopiclevel.EventhoughT1mappinghaslimitedspatialresolution,cellularandmolecularchangesoccurringwithineachvoxelcanaffecttheaggregateT1signalrenderingthemquantifiable.TheestimatedT1-basedparametersquantifiedona“map”demonstratethespatiallocalizationofthesechangeswherebyeachpixelexpressesthequantitativevalueofthatparameter.Thisquantificationpermitsdetectionofdiffusediseaseevenifitisnotdirectlyvisible.Ratherthanrelyingonnonspecificfunctionalmeasures,T1mappingfocusesonintrinsicchangesofmyocardialcompositionthatadvancesunderstandingaboutspecificdiseasepathways.Thesechangesinmyocardialtissuecompositioninformdiagnosisandprognosis.T1mappingencompassestwokeyparameters:native(i.e.,precontrast)T1andextracellularvolumefraction(ECV)derivedfromadditionalpostcontrastT1andbloodT1measurements.Theseadvancesintroducenewtoolstodetectfocalanddiffusemyocardialderangementsoccurringincardiacdiseasethatcanbeotherwisedifficulttodetect.T1andECVmappingfosterprecisionmedicineandpersonalizedcare,promisingtoimprovepatientoutcomesthroughtargetedtherapy.CapitalizingontheopportunitiesintroducedbyT1mappingandECVrequiresfurtherinvestigation.

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简介：BackgroundPulseoximetryscreening(POS)hasbeenproposedasaneffective,noninvasive,inexpensivetoolallowingearlierdiagnosisofcriticalcongenitalheartdisease(CCHD).However,mostneonatesaredischargedfromthehospitalwithoutthisevaluationinChina.ThisstudyaimedatassessingthefeasibilityofPOSfornewbornsindetectingCCHDinthedepartmentofobstetricsandneonatalintensivecareunit(NICU).MethodsPOSwasperformedin355neonatesborninthedepartmentofobstetricsoradmittedtotheNICUbetweenJanuary2015andJune2015.Theseneonatesweredividedintonormalgroup,mildcongenitalheartdiseasegroup(MCHD)andCCHDgroup,accordingtotheresultofechocardiographyorcomputerizedtomography(CT).Thegestationalage,birthweightandarterialoxygensaturation(SpO_2)werecomparedamongthethreegroups.TheSpO_2valueanddiagnosistimeoftheCCHDcaseswereclassifiedandanalyzed.ResultsTheprematurebirthandlowbirthweightwerethehighriskfactorsofmildcongenitalheartdisease.Therewasnodifference(P>0.05)inSpO_2betweentheMCHDgroupandthenormalgroup.SignificantdifferenceintheSpO_2appearedbetweentheCCHDgroupandthenormalgroup(P<0.05).CombinationofPOSandclinicalexaminationcanreducethemissingdiagnosisrateinscreeningforCCHD.ConclusionsPOSincursverylowcostandriskofharmandisnotrequiredforspecialtraining,therefore,aneffectivewaytoidentifyCCHDinneonates.

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简介：InChina,therearemanyhumanrightsorganizations,becauseoftheirfocusesandprioritiesrelatedtohumanrights.ChinaSocietyforHumanRightsStudies(CSHRS)isthelargestofthem,whichfocusesonhumanrightsresearch,popularizingandinternationalexchanges.ThispapertakesCSHRSasanexampletoshowtheroleofthehumanrightsorganizationsplayinChina.FromthepracticeofCSHRS,wecanseethehumanrightsorganizationsinChinaplayakindofconstructiverolethroughinvolvinginverybroadfieldsandengaginginthevariousactivitiesofhumanrightsprotection.TheirworksincludeparticipatingindraftingtheNationalHumanRightsActionPlans,givingconstructivesuggestions,workinginhumanrightseducation,engagingininternationalexchangesandcooperation,takingpartintheworkofUPR,raisingfundandimplementingprojects,andsoon.TheyaretryinghardtocontributetoimprovehumanrightssituationinChina.

简介：TheNewEnglishcurriculumcriteriasuggestteachingEnglishgrammarbasedonthestudents’cognitivecharacteristicsandemotionalneeds,helpingthemdiscovertherulesandencouragingthemtomasterthegrammarbyusingit.Butduetothelimitedtimeinalesson,manyEnglishteachersadoptasimpleapproachtoteachgrammar,inwhichstudentsarerequiredtomemorizetherulesfirstandthenpracticealot.Thisapproachiseffec-

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简介：Therecognitionthatpsychosocialriskfactorscontributetothepathogenesisofcardiovasculardiseasehasledtothedevelopmentofanewfieldofbehavioralcardiology.Theinitialimpetusforthisfieldwasstudiesperformedinthe1980sand1990sthatprovidedepidemiologicalevidenceandapathophysiologicalbasisforastronglinkbetweenanumberofpsychosocialriskfactorsandcardiovasculardisease,includingdepression,anxiety,hostility,jobstress,andpoorsocialsupport.Inrecentyears,additionalpsychosocialriskfactorshavebeenidentified,includingpessimism;otherformsofchronicstress,suchaschildhoodabuseandtrauma,andthepsychologicalstressthatmaybeassociatedwithchronicmedicalillness;lackoflifepurpose;andthesyndromeof“vitalexhaustion,”whichconsistsofatriadofexhaustion,demoralization,andirritability.Newresearchinthelastdecadehasalsoestablishedthatpositivepsychosocialfactors,suchasoptimism,positiveemotions,avibrantsociallife,andastrongsenseoflifepurpose,canhaveanimportanthealth-bufferingeffectthroughtheirfavorableinfluenceonhealthbehaviorsandpromotionofpositivephysiologicalfunctioning.Patientscanbescreenedforpsychosocialriskfactorsinclinicalpracticethrougheithertheuseofopen-endedquestions,whichcanbeintegratedintoaphysician’sstandardreviewofsystems,ortheuseofshortquestionnaires.Physicianscanassistinthetreatmentofpsychosocialriskfactorsinvariousways,suchasscreeningpatientsforpsychologicaldistressandmakingappropriatereferralswhenindicated,providingpatientswithpracticallifestylesuggestions,andemployingofficepersonneltoteachpatientsbehavioralorpsychosocialinterventionsthatcanpromoteasenseofwell-beingand/orreducestress.

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简介：自从三座峡水库(TGR)的被坝所围住的水，在TGR的头区域的seismicity显著地增加了。每年结合了水水平的宽变化，学习在TGR旁边山崩预报的变丑变得更重要。作为在TGR旁边的著名活跃山崩，Huangtupo河边山崩为案例研究被选择。基于长期的水水平变化并且地震监视，三个典型不利条件被决定。与确定的3D数字山崩模型，渗出物动态的联合计算在V的地震紧张下面被进行度。结果如下：1。走水路形成的动态水压力水平变化将加强山崩的变丑；2。在地震负担下面，动态磁滞现象在有缺点的地质的身体是重要的，例如弱层并且滑动地区土壤，因为更高抑制比率的大部分，地震加速将在这些元素被放大；3。微震不是足够强烈的突然引起山崩不稳定性，但是山崩的长期的变丑累积效果应该被付更多的注意；4。在数字模拟，因素失衡力量和过量毛孔压力能也在预报山崩的变丑趋势被使用。

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