简介：流行性感冒A病毒(H1N1)，人的地方性的紧张的一个基因分类，鸟并且猪流感，穿过种类障碍到人并且显然获得了人的能力到人的传播。因为NS1蛋白质禁止抗病毒的干扰素/生产，H5N1子类型的一些紧张是高度剧毒的。另一蛋白质NS2调停到通过出口的细胞质的从原子核的病毒的ribonucleoprotein的出口信号。在这份报纸，我们学习了H1N1子类型的这些蛋白质的结构功能关系并且决定了他们的致病力的原因。我们的结果证明非保守的变化稍微稳定了或使动摇NS1或NS1-dsRNA建筑群的结构的域，稍微因此增加了或减少NS1蛋白质并且因而的函数提高了或减少H1N1病毒的致病力。不同紧张的NS2蛋白质在不同领域带了非保守的变化，导致功能的细微损失。这些变化稍微减少了病毒的致病力。因此，结果证实这些病毒的蛋白质的结构功能关系。

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简介：染色体17q21.31倒置是普通结构的多型性首先在欧洲人口发现了的900-kb。尽管在倒置区域以内的基因流动被假定可观压制，它关于在H1(非转换的顺序)和H2(转换顺序)之间的基因交换的细节仍然是不清楚的这倒置的haplotypes。这里，我们在17q21.31区域以内描述在一些基因安排之间的基因交换的一张精制地图。用1,546单个核苷酸多型性的HapMap阶段II数据，我们成功地由加入邻居的树重建在欧洲样品推出了96H1和24H2haplotypes。而且，我们分别地与相互、非相互的基因交换识别了15和26条候选人道。在怀有相互的交换的所有15个区域，haplotypes由克隆定序重建了没支持这些交换事件，建议这在某些异质接合的个人在二个姐妹染色体之间的交换发信号被分阶段执行错误区域引起。在另一方面，与非相互的基因流动越过26条道中的4个定序的完成的克隆证实这种基因交换被基因变换引起。在摘要，更加作为在一些基因安排之间的转线路被压制了，基因变换可能是为在17q21.31的基因交换的最重要的机制。

简介：流行性感冒A病毒(H1N1)2009，一个新猪起源流行性感冒A病毒，世界范围地被散布了并且引起了大公共害怕。高产量的transcriptomics和proteomics方法现在正在被使用识别H1N1和H1N1主人相互作用。这篇文章在H1N1诊断，处理，和H1N1病毒主人相互作用考察最近的transcriptomics和proteomics研究，到为进一步理解感染机制并且控制H1N1传播提供一些帮助。

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简介：在染色体为特定的DNA目标设计锌手指蛋白质主题在染色体工程的领域里是批评的。我们为为绑在特定的目标DNA地点的C2H2锌手指预言识别helices开发了一个计算方法。这预言用锌手指蛋白质和他们的目标DNA三位字节的彻底的数据集基于人工的神经网络。用户们能为也要预言在的二或三根锌手指选择选择一模块化或为输入DNA顺序的synergistic时尚。这个方法将为对为几个生物、生物医学的应用程序设计特定的锌手指抄写因素和锌手指核酸酶感兴趣的研究人员是珍贵的。网工具ZiF预言在http://web.iitd.ac.in/sundar/zifpredict/在网上是可得到的。

简介：Humantumornecrosisfactorα(hTNFα),apleiotropiccytokinewithactivitiesrangingfromhostdefensemechanismsininfectionandinjurytoseveretoxicityinsepticshockorotherrelateddiseases,isapromisingtargetfordrugscreening.UsingtheSELEX(systematicevolutionofligandsbyexponentialenrichment)process,weisolatedoligonucleotideligands(aptamers)withhighaffinitiesforhTNFα.Aptamerswereselectedfromastartingpoolof40randomizedsequencescomposedofabout1015RNAmolecules.RepresentativeaptamersweretruncatedtotheminimallengthwithhighaffinityforhTNFαandwerefurthermodifiedbyreplacementof2'-OHwith2'-Fand2'-NH2atallribopurinepositions.ThesemodifiedRNAaptamerswereresistanttonuclease.ThespecificityoftheseaptamersforhTNFαwasconfirmed,andtheiractivitytoinhibitthecytotoxicityofhTNFαonmouseL929cellswasdetermined.Resultsdemonstratedthatfour2'-NH2-modifiedaptamersboundtohTNFαwithhighaffinityandblockedthebindingofhTNFαtoitsreceptor,thusprotectingtheL929cellsfromthecytotoxicityofhTNFα.OligonucleotideaptamersdescribedherearepotentialtherapeuticsanddiagnosticsforhTNFc-relateddiseases.

简介：Domaindatabaseisessentialfordomainpropertyresearch.Eliminatingredundantinformationindatabasequeryisveryimportantfordatabasequality.Herewereportthemanualconstructionofanon-redundanthumanSH2domaindatabase.Thereare119humanSH2domainsin110SH2-containingproteins.HumanSH2swerealignedwithClustalX,andahomologoustreewasgenerated.Inthistree,proteinswithsimilarknownfunctionwereclassifiedintothesamegroup.Someproteinsinthesamegrouphavebeenreportedtohavesimilarbindingmotifsexperimentally.Thetreemightprovidecluesaboutpossiblefunctionsofhypotheticalproteinsforfurtherexperimentalverification.

简介：以便获得米饭幼仔圆锥花序proteome的高分辨率的electrophorogram，我们评估了通常使用在的各种各样的协议二维(2D)蛋白质的polyacrylamide胶化电气泳动(页)包括染色协议的胶化，使不能调动的pH坡度(IPG)的pH范围脱衣并且样品装载数量。结果证明染色协议使用的银敏化包含冰川的醋酸，钠醋酸盐和钠thiosulfate的答案(在1988由Heukeshoven和Dernick报导了)并且染色方法使用答案包含的Coomassie灿烂的蓝色G-250，铵硫酸盐和磷的酸(在2010由粉红色的等报导了)表明了优异染色效果。另外，当有5-8的pH范围的IPG胶化长带被使用时，我们也与4-7的pH范围证明更高的分辨率被完成，与那相比。最后，最佳的装载数量作为与染色协议的银硝酸盐在联合与pH5-8使用17厘米长的非线性的IPG长带的130g被决定。评估结果将在年轻米饭颖果的proteome分析是有用的。

简介：Thesurfaceglycoproteinhemagglutinin(HA)helpstheinfluenzaAvirustoevadethehostimmunesystembyantigenicvariationandisamajordrivingforceforviralevolution.Inthisstudy,theselectionpressureonHAofH5N1influenzaAviruswasanalyzedusingbioinformaticsalgorithms.Mostoftheidentifiedpositiveselection(PS)siteswerefoundtobewithinoradjacenttoepitopesites.SomeoftheidentifiedPSsitesareconsistentwithpreviousexperimentalstudies,providingfurthersupporttothebiologicalsignificanceofourfindings.ThehighestfrequencyofPSsiteswasobservedinrecentstrainsisolatedduring2005–2007.PhylogeneticanalysiswasalsoconductedonHAsequencesfromvarioushosts.Viraldriftisalmostsimilarinbothavianandhumanspecieswithaprogressivetrendovertheyears.OurstudyreportsnewmutationsinfunctionalregionsofHAthatmightprovidemarkersforvaccinedesignorcanbeusedtopredictisolatesofpandemicpotential.

简介：Inourpreviousstudies,DAZAP2geneexpressionwasdown-regulatedinuntreatedpatientsofmultiplemyeloma(MM).ForbetterstudyingthestructureandfunctionofDAZAP2,afull-lengthCdnawasisolatedfrommononuclearcellsofanormalhumanbonemarrow,sequencedanddepositedtoGenbank(AY430097).ThissequencehasanidenticalORF(openreadingframe)astheNM_014764fromhumantestisandtheD31767fromhumancelllineKG-1.PhylogeneticanalysisandstructurepredictionrevealthatDAZAP2homologuesarehighlyconservedthroughoutevolutionandshareapolyprolineregionandseveralpotentialSH2/SH3bindingsites.DAZAP2occursasasingle-copygenewithafour-exonorganization.WefurthernoticedthatthefunctionalDAZAP2geneislocatedonChromosome12anditspseudogenegeneisonChromosome2withelectroniclocationofhumanchromosomeinGenbank,thoughnogeneticabnormalitiesofMMhavebeenreportedonChromosome12.TheORFofhumanDAZAP2encodesa17-kDaprotein,whichishighlysimilartomousePrtb.TheDAZAP2proteinismainlylocalizedincytoplasmwithadiscretepatternofpunctuateddistribution.DAZAP2mayassociatewithcarcinogenesisofMMandparticipateinyet-to-beidentifiedsignalingpathwaystoregulateproliferationanddifferentiationofplasmacells.

简介：Shigellaflexneriisaninfectiouspathogenthatcausesdysenterytohuman,whichremainsaseriousthreattopublichealth,particularlyindevelopingcountries.Inthisstudy,theglobalproteinexpressionpatternsofS.flexneriduringtransitionfromexponentialgrowthtostationaryphaseinvitrowereanalyzedbyusing2-DPAGEcombinedwithMALDI-TOFMS.Inatime-courseexperimentwithfivetimepoints,therelativeabundanceof49proteinspotsvariedsignificantly.In-terestingly,aputativeoutermembraneproteinYciD(OmpW)wasalmostnotdetectedintheexponentialgrowthphasebutbecameoneofthemostabundantproteinsinthewholestationary-phaseproteome.SomeproteinsregulatedbytheglobalregulatorFNRwerealsosignificantlyinduced(suchasAnsB,AspA,FrdAB,andKatG)orrepressed(suchasAceEF,OmpX,SodA,andSucAB)duringthegrowthphasetransition.Theseproteinsmaybethekeyeffectorsofthebacterialcellcycleorplayimportantrolesinthecellularmaintenanceandstressresponses.Ourexpressionprofiledataprovidevaluableinformationforthestudyofbacterialphysiologyandformthebasisforfutureproteomicanalysesofthispathogen.

简介：在这研究，L1蛋白质定序的人的乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)的107种类型从可得到的数据库，和这些HPVL1蛋白质的原子本地化信号(NLS)被获得被生物信息的分析分析并且预言。从107种类型，39种类型的NLS被PredictNLS软件(由两部组成的NLS的35种类型和单音的深裂的NLS的4种类型)预言。留下的HPV类型的NLS象NLS的一般规则一样根据特征和已经预言的NLS的相同被预言。根据结果，HPVL1蛋白质的107种类型的NLS被分类进15个范畴。在一样的NLS范畴的HPVL1蛋白质的不同类型能分享类似或一样的nucleocytoplasmic运输小径。他们可能被用作一样的目标阻止并且对待HPV感染的不同类型。结果也证明生物信息的技术能被用来分析并且预言蛋白质的NLS。

简介：我们分析了表示的基因(transcriptomes)和翻译的蛋白质(专业版--teomes)在肌肉纸巾和激活的CD4+和五种类型的CD8+T淋巴细胞(T房间)，2糖尿病(T2DM)用Affymetrix微数组和集体spectrometry使遭到，并且把他们与匹配的非糖尿病的控制作比较。胰岛素受体(INSR)的基因表达，维生素D受体，胰岛素降级酶，Akt，胰岛素受体substrate-1(IRS-1)，IRS-2，葡萄糖transporter4(GLUT4)，并且glycolytic小径的酶被减少至少50%在T2DM比在控制。然而，有比在血浆房间glycoprotein-1的规定上面的双重的基因大，肿瘤坏死因素(在T2DM的TNF，和gluconeogenic酶比在控制。为INSR或TNF的基因silencing分别地导致了GLUT4的抑制或刺激。相应于上述翻译transcriptomes的分子的重量的Proteome侧面显示出在T2DM和控制之间的变化的不同模式。同时，在在肌肉和T2DM的激活的T房间之间的transcriptomes和proteomes的变化是可比较的。激活的T房间，类似于肌肉房间，表示胰岛素发信号和葡萄糖新陈代谢基因和基因产品。在结论，在T2DM的T房间和肌肉相对非糖尿病的控制在某些基因和基因产品的表示展出了差别。在transcriptomes的这些改变和在T2DM的proteomes可以涉及胰岛素抵抗。

简介：细螺旋体病是螺旋体种类引起的传染细菌的疾病。在这研究，我们克隆并且定序从L编码immunodominant蛋白质GroEL的基因。interrogansserovarAutumnalis种类N2，在Chennai在细螺旋体病的爆发期间从一个病人的尿被孤立，印度。这groEL基因另外的leptospiralserovars与相同(99%类似)的高度编码60kDa的蛋白质到那些。RecombinantGroEL是在Escherichiacoli的overexpressed。当没有反应从seronegative控制病人与sera被观察时，Immunoblot分析显示从证实的细螺旋体病病人的sera与recombinantGroEL显示出强壮的反应。另外，GroEL的3D结构作为模板从Thermusthermophilus用chaperonin建筑群cpn60被构造并且验证。结果显示了8.35的Z分数，它在对为蛋白质的期望的价值的好同意。cpn60结构的Ca踪迹和leptospiralGroEL的预言的结构的重叠与1.5的RMSD价值显示第二等的结构元素的好同意?。进一步的学习是必要的作为一个疫苗的部件为细螺旋体病的血清学的诊断并且为它的潜力评估GroEL。

简介：Asystematicphylogeneticfootprintingapproachwasperformedtoidentifycon-servedtranscriptionfactorbindingsites(TFBSs)inmammalianpromoterregionsusinghuman,mouseandratsequencealignments.Wefoundthatthescoredis-tributionsofmostbindingsitemodelsdidnotfollowtheGaussiandistributionrequiredbymanystatisticalmethods.Therefore,weperformedanempiricaltesttoestablishtheoptimalthresholdforeachmodel.WegaugedourcomputationalpredictionsbycomparingwithpreviouslyknownTFBSsinthePCK1genepro-moterofthecytosolicisoformofphosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase,andachievedasensitivityof75%andaspecificityofapproximately32%.Almostallknownsitesoverlappedwithpredictedsites,andseveralnewputativeTFBSswerealsoidentified.WevalidatedapredictedSP1bindingsiteinthecontrolofPCK1tran-scriptionusinggelshiftandreporterassays.Finally,weappliedourcomputationalapproachtothepredictionofputativeTFBSswithinthepromoterregionsofallavailableRefSeqgenes.OurfullsetofTFBSpredictionsisfreelyavailableathttp://bfgl.anri.barc.usda.gov/tfbsConsSites.

简介：Leishmaniaisassociatedwithabroadspectrumofdiseases,rangingfromsimplecutaneoustoinvasivevisceralleishmaniasis.Here,thesequencesoftencysteineproteasesoftypesA,BandCofLeishmaniamajorwereobtainedfromGeneDBdatabase.PredictionofMHCclassIepitopesofthesecysteineproteaseswasperformedbyNetCTLprogramversion1.2.Inaddition,byusingBcePredserver,differentstructuralpropertiesoftheproteinswerepredictedtofindouttheirpotentialBcellepitopes.Accordingtothiscomputationalanalysis,nineregionswerepredictedasBcellepitopes.Theresultsprovideusefulinformationfordesigningpeptide-basedvaccines.

简介：Leptospirosisisrecognizedasthemostwidespreadzoonosiswithaglobaldistribution.Inthisstudy,theantigenicvariationinLeptospirainterrogansandLeptospiraborgpeterseniiisolatedfromhumanurineandfieldratkidneywaspreliminarilyconfirmedbymicroscopicagglutinationtestusingmonoclonalantibodies,andwasfurthersubjectedtoamplificationandidentificationofoutermembranelipoproteinswithstructuralgenevariation.Sequencesimilarityanalysisrevealedthattheseproteinsequences,namelyOmpL1,LipL32andLipL41,showednomorehomologiestooutermembranelipoproteinsofnon-pathogenicLeptospiraandothercloselyrelatedSpirochetes,butshowedastrongidentitywithinL.interrogans,suggestingintra-specificphylogeneticlineagesthatmightbeoriginatedfromacommonpathogenicleptospiralorigin.Moreover,theompL1geneshowedmoreantigenicvariationthanlipL32andlipL41duetolessconservationinsecondarystructuralevolutionwithincloselyrelatedspecies.Phylogenetically,ompL1andlipL41ofthesestrainsgaveaconsiderableproximitytoL.weiliiandL.santarosai.TheompL1geneofL.interrogansclustereddistinctlyfromotherpathogenicandnon-pathogenicleptospiralspecies.ThediversityofompLgeneshasbeenanalyzedanditenvisagedthatsequence-specificvariationsatantigenicdeterminantsiteswouldresultinslowevolutionarychangesalongwithnewserovaroriginationwithincloselyrelatedspecies.Thus,acrucialworkoneffectiverecombinantvaccinedevelopmentandengineeredantibodieswillhopefullymeettosolvethetherapeuticchallenges.

简介：InFebruary2006,twooutbreaksofhighlypathogenicavianinfluenzaAvirussubtypeH5N1occurredinchickensintwoneighboringdistricts(firstinNandurbarandsecondinJalgaon)ofMaharashtra,India,inaspanof12days.Inthepresentstudy,theneuraminidase(NA)geneofthetwoIndianH5N1isolateswastakenintoconsiderationtofindifthetwostrainsaregeneticallysimilar.PhylogeneticanalysisoftheNAgeneshowedthattheH5N1strainsisolatedfromthetwooutbreakswerenotoriginatedfromthesamesource.ThefirstIndianisolate(Nandubar/7972/06)wasclusteredclosesttoanisolatefromchickeninVietnamin2004,whereasthesecondIndianisolate(Jalgaon/8824/06)showedresemblancetostrainsisolatedfromswaninItalyandIranin2006.Moreover,aminoacidsequenceanalysisshowedvaryinghotspotsforsubstitutionsbetweenthesetwoIndianisolates,andthreesubstitutionswerefoundatfunctionaldomainsites.Secondarystructurechangesduetothesesubstitutionswerealsoreported.ThisstudyrevealsthattheH5N1strainsisolatedfromchickensduring2006birdfluoutbreaksintwoneighboringdistrictsofMaharashtra,Indiaaregeneticallydifferent.