简介：ObjectiveTostudyconcomitantsymptomsanddiseaseconditionsinsuddendeafness.MethodsClinicaldataof418casesofsuddendeafnesstreatedinthisdepartmentfrom2000to2007werereviewed.ResultsOfthe418cases,201weremalesand217werefemales.Rightearwasinvolvedin184casesandleftearin191cases.Bilateralinvolvementwasseenin43cases.Theaverageagewas44.1years.Tinnituswasreportedin369cases(88.3%)eitherbeforeorafterhearingloss,ofwhich64.5%wasoflowpitch,27.1%ofhighpitchand8.4%ofmixedtones.Constanttinnituswasreportedin83%ofthecases,andmuffledfeelingsin33.3%ofthecases.Hearinglosswastheonlycomplaintin221cases(52.9%).Dizzinesswasreportedin77cases(18.4%)andvertigoattacksin120cases(28%).Hypertension,coronaryarterydiseaseanddiabeteswerefoundin19.6%of418casesandhyperlipidemiain54.5%of211cases.CTand/orMRIdatawereavailablein147cases,withpositivefindingsin18cases(12.3%):2withacousticneuroma(1.36%);4withemphraxisinthebasalganglia,cerebellum,temporallobeorparietallobe,and12withpoorpneumatizationofipsiorcontralateralmastoidcells.ConclusionInthiscaseseriesofsuddendeafness,low-pitchconstanttinnituswasacommoncomplaint.Mostofthestudiedcasespresentedwithsimplehearingloss.Vertigoattacksweremorecommonthandizzinessinthisgroupofpatients.Themostcommonconcomitantdisorderwashyperlipidemia,especiallyhightriglycerides.Imagingstudiesareimportantinmanagingsuddendeafnessinrulingoutacousticneuromaandotherintracranialdiseases.

简介：AbstractBackground:Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective phenomenon in which pre-treatment with a tolerance dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to dramatically elevated survival. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what happens to T cell development in the thymus under ET conditions remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the alterations in thymocyte populations (double-positive [DP] and single-positive [SP] cells) under ET conditions.Methods:Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of phosphate-buffered saline was used as a control (control group). Changes in thymus weight, cell counts, and morphology were detected in the three groups. Moreover, surface molecules such as CD4, CD8, CD44, CD69, and CD62L were analyzed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway signaling were analyzed in thymocyte populations. The polymorphism and length of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis DNA laser scanning analysis (ABI 3730).Results:Thymus weight and cell counts were decreased in the early stage but recovered by the late stage in a murine model of LPS-induced ET. Moreover, the proportions of DP cells (control: 72.130 ± 4.074, 72-h: 10.600 ± 3.517, 8-day: 84.770 ± 2.228), CD4+ SP cells (control: 15.770 ± 4.419, 72-h: 44.670 ± 3.089, 8-day: 6.367 ± 0.513), and CD8+ SP cells (control: 7.000 ± 1.916, 72-h: 34.030 ± 3.850, 8-day: 5.133 ± 0.647) were obviously different at different stages of ET. The polymorphism and length of TCR β chain CDR3 also changed obviously, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Further analysis showed that the expression of surface molecules, including CD44, CD69, and CD62L, on thymocyte populations (DP and SP cells) were changed to different degrees. Finally, the proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and ERK pathway signaling of thymocyte populations were changed significantly.Conclusion:These data reveal that alterations in thymocyte populations might contribute to the establishment of ET.

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简介：Inthepresentpaper,theauthorgivessomecommentsonacupuncturetreatmentofdiseasesfrom1)selectingacupointsbasedonseasonalconditions;2)performingreinforcingorreducingneedlingmanipulationsinaccordancewiththewaxingandwanningofthemoon;3)conductingacupuncturetreatmentinaccordancewiththetimeandthestateofdisease;and4)performingacupuncturetreatmentbasedontheprosperityordeclineofthemeridian-qi,whicharedescribedinmedicalbookTheYellowEmperor'sInternalClassic.

简介：骨头骨折愈合的起始的煽动性的阶段为愈合的过程的结果代表关键步。然而，开始这个煽动性的阶段的机制和在破裂地点在场的有免疫力的房间的功能糟糕被理解。以便在破裂hematoma以内学习早事件，我们建立了一在里面vitro破裂hematoma模型：我们有教养的hematomas在bioenergetically控制的条件下面在vitro在全部的新潮的关节造形术(THA)期间在腿节的截骨术(人工的骨头破裂)期间形成。这个模型允许我们在跟随破裂的早阶段期间监视有免疫力的房间人口，房间幸存和cytokine表示。而且，这个模型使我们能改变bioenergetical条件以便模仿在里面vivo状况，它被假定被组织缺氧描绘并且限制了营养素的数量。用这个模型，我们发现有免疫力的房间经由angiogenic因素，chemoattractants和支持inflammatory分子的表示适应组织缺氧。另外，联合了氧的限制，滋养的供应与myeloid的比较提高了淋巴细胞的选择幸存导出的房间(即，neutrophils)。笔记，非限制的bioenergetical条件没关于cytokine表示或有免疫力的房间子集的不同幸存率显示出任何类似的效果。在结论，我们发现bioenergetical条件在导致骨折愈合的起始的煽动性的阶段的关键因素之中并且因此是为在早破裂hematoma影响有免疫力的房间的幸存和功能的一个关键步骤。

简介：AbstractBackground:A significant decline in malaria burden was documented in previously high burden African countries. Even though the global decline in malaria burden is significant, about 95% of it was typically found in 29 African countries and the decline was affected by COVID-19 in 2020. The considerable reduction in malaria incidence was noted due to effective prevention and treatment efforts, and rapid changes in living conditions. The relationship between the occurrence of asymptomatic malaria infection and household living conditions is well unstudied. This study aimed to determine the association between household living conditions and the occurrence of asymptomatic malaria in the lowlands of Ethiopia.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2021 in twelve villages of Gambella, Southern Nation Nationalities and People Region and Afar in Ethiopia. A total of 1366 households were randomly selected, interviewed, and tested for malaria by rapid diagnostic test and blood film microscopic examination. Multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the independent association between living conditions and asymptomatic malaria infection.Results:The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection among individuals living in dwellings built with traditional floor/wall/roof ranges from 8.1% to 8.4% while it ranges from 2.0% to 4.6% among those living in modern floor/wall/roof houses. Dwellings built with traditional wall materials (P= 0.050), spending nights with cattle in the same house (P < 0.001), and availability of kitchen in the main house with no partition (P= 0.004) were significantly associated with asymptomatic malaria infection.Conclusions:Asymptomatic malaria infection was 4.3 times higher among occupants residing in dwellings built with traditional wall materials; 5.6 times higher among households spending nights with cattle in the same house, and 2.3 times higher among households with kitchen in the main house with no partition. Therefore, policies and strategies on malaria elimination need to address or target improvements of the above listed living conditions for the community. A multi sectoral action is required to use these social determinants as a vector control strategic addition; and malaria elimination programs are expected to coordinate the implementation.

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简介：BACKGROUND:PreparationofGinkgoleafhasbeenwidelyusedtoimprovecognitivedeficitsanddementia,inparticularinAlzheimer'sdiseasepatients.However,theprecisemechanismofactionofGinkgoleafremainsunclear.OBJECTIVE:ToexploretheeffectofGinkgoBilobaextract(Egb761),Ginaton,onβ-secretaseexpressioninrathippocampalneuronalculturesfollowingchronichypoxicandhypoglycemicconditions.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTNG:Completelybyrandomized,groupingstudy.TheexperimentwasperformedattheLaboratoryofMolecularImaging,SoutheastUniversitybetweenAugust2006andAugust2007.MATERIALS:Atotalof128Wistarratsaged24hourswereselected,andhippocampalneuronswereharvestedforprimarycultures.METHODS:Onday7,primaryhippocampalneuronalculturesweretreatedwithEgb761(0,25,50,100,150,and200μg/mL)underhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccultureconditionsfor12,24,and36hours,respectively.Hippocampalneuronsculturedinprimaryculturemediumservedascontrol.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Cellviabilitywasassayedusing3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT);fluorescencedetectionofβ-secretaseactivitywasperformed;WesternBlotwasusedtomeasureβ-secretaseexpression.RESULTS:Cellviabilityunderhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccultureconditionswassignificantlylessthancontrolcells(P<0.05).Underhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccultureconditions,treatmentwith25μg/mLEgb761didnotaltercellviability.However,>25μg/mLEgb761inducedgreatercellviability(P<0.05).Nodifferenceswereobservedbetweenhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccells(P>0.05).α-secretaseactivitywasincreasedafter12hoursinhypoxic/hypoglycemicculture(P<0.01).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthe12-,24-,or36-hourEgb761groupsandthehypoxic/hypoglycemicgroups(P>0.05).β-secretaseactivitywasgreaterafter12,24,and36hoursinhypoxic/hypoglycemiccultureconditions,comp

简介：AIMTo在cells.METHODSARPE-19细胞是的网膜的颜料上皮(RPE)上调查高葡萄糖层次和反脉管的endothelial生长因素(VEGF)代理人(bevacizumab，ranibizumab和aflibercept)的效果在不同葡萄糖层次(5.5mmol/L，25mmol/L，和75mmol/L)有教养。房间生存能力被MTT试金与D葡萄糖在处理以后在3d评估。房间迁居能力被创伤愈合试金在3d测量。一个房间死亡察觉工具包被用来在3点估计apoptosis并且14d。房间增长被EdU试金在3d估计。文化媒介在临床上相关的集中与anti-VEGF代理人被对待。实验然后在一个不同葡萄糖level.RESULTSThe生存能力被重复，ARPE-19房间的移植显著地作为与5.5mmol/L葡萄糖相比面对75mmol/L被减少。TUNEL积极的房间的百分比显著地被增加，proliferative潜力与5.5mmol/L葡萄糖相比与75mmol/L被减少。在在25mmol/L和5.5mmol/L葡萄糖之间的结果没有重要差别。面对75mmol/L葡萄糖，与anti-VEGF对待的组显示出减少的房间生存能力和增长并且增加了apoptosis。然而，anti-VEGFgroups.CONCLUSIONHigh葡萄糖水平减少之间没有重要差别RPE房间的生存能力，创伤愈合能力，和增长，当增加apoptosis时。而且，anti-VEGF代理人在高葡萄糖的条件下面防碍RPE房间的生理的功能，在房间生存能力和增长由减少伴随了。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhethertheresponseofacentralhexagonalelementcorrespondingtothemacularareainconventionalmultifocalelectroretinography(mfERG)testswasthesameasthatofexperimentalmfERGusingsinglecentralhexagonalelementstimulation.METHODS:Prospective,observationalstudy.Thirtyhealthysubjectswereincludedinthisstudy.mfERGrecordingswereperformedaccordingtotwoprotocols:stimuluswith37hexagonalelements(protocol1),andstimuluswithasinglecentralelementcreatedbydeactivatingtheother36hexagonalelements(protocol2).Wecompareddifferencesbetweenring1parametersineachprotocol.RESULTS:Inprotocol1,thefirstpositivecomponent(P1)implicittimeandP1amplitudewere37.8±1.8msand6.3±2.7μV.Aftersingleelementstimulation(protocol2),doublepositivewavesappeared.TheimplicittimeandamplitudeofP1were40.7±2.4ms(P<0.001)and9.1±3.3μV(P=0.001),respectively.Theimplicittimeandamplitudeofthesecondpositivecomponent(P2)were68.0±4.5ms(P<0.001,comparedwithP1inprotocol1)and12.3±4.7μV(P<0.001,comparedwithP1inprotocol1),respectively.TheamplitudeofP2inprotocol2wasabouttwotimeshigherthanthatofP1inprotocol1.CONCLUSION:mfERGresponsesofacentralhexagonalelementinasingleelementstimulationprotocolaredifferentfromthoseofmultipleelementstimulation.Thepositivewaveismoreenhancedcomparedtothatoftheconventionalprotocolanditelongatedintotwowavelets.

简介：AbstractPurpose:The triage and initial care of injured patients and a subsequent right level of care is paramount for an overall outcome after traumatic injury. Early recognition of patients is an important case of such decision-making with risk of worse prognosis. This article is to answer if clinical and paraclinical signs can predict the critical conditions of injured patients after traumatic injury resuscitation.Methods:The study included 1107 trauma patients, 16 years and older. The patients were trauma victims of Levels I and II triage and admitted to the Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz, in 2014-2015. The cross-industry process for data mining methodology and modeling was used for assessing the best early clinical and paraclinical variables to predict the patients' prognosis. Five modeling methods including the support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor algorithms, Bagging and Adaboost, and the neural network were compared by some evaluation criteria.Results:Learning algorithms can predict the deterioration of injured patients by monitoring the Bagging and SVM models with 99% accuracy. The most-fitted variables were Glasgow Coma Scale score, base deficit, and diastolic blood pressure especially after initial resuscitation in the algorithms for overall outcome predictions.Conclusion:Data mining could help in triage, initial treatment, and further decision-making for outcome measures in trauma patients. Clinical and paraclinical variables after resuscitation could predict short-term outcomes much better than variables on arrival. With artificial intelligence modeling system, diastolic blood pressure after resuscitation has a greater association with predicting early mortality rather than systolic blood pressure after resuscitation. Artificial intelligence monitoring may have a role in trauma care and should be further investigated.

简介：组织缺氧和转变生长factor-β；1(TGF-β；1)在很多恶意增加脉管的endothelial生长因素A(VEGFA)表示。组织缺氧和TGF-β的这效果；1可能为肿瘤前进和先进前列腺癌症的转移负责。在现在的学习，TGF-β；1被显示从两根正常房间线(HPV7和RWPE1)和前列腺癌症房间线(DU145和PC3)导致VEGFA165分泌物。相反地，刺激组织缺氧的VEGFA165分泌物仅仅在前列腺癌症房间线被观察。组织缺氧导致了TGF-β；在PC3前列腺癌症房间的1表情，和TGF-β；打字我部分堵住的受体(ALK5)kinase禁止者调停组织缺氧的VEGFA165分泌物。组织缺氧的这效果提供新奇机制在前列腺癌症房间增加VEGFA表示。尽管VEGFA发信号的autocrine在前列腺癌症前进和转移被含有，联系机制糟糕被描绘。VEGFA活动经由VEGF受体(VEGFR)被调停1(Flt-1)并且2(Flk-1/KDR)。而VEGFR-1mRNA在正常前列腺被检测，上皮的房间，VEGFR-2mRNA和VEGFR蛋白质仅仅在PC3房间被表示。VEGFA165治疗在PC3房间然而并非在HPV7房间导致了细胞外的调整信号的kinase1/2(ERK1/2)的phosphorylation，建议VEGFA的autocrine功能可以特别地与前列腺癌症被联系。由VEGFA165的VEGFR-2的激活被显示提高PC3房间的移植。类似的效果也被观察，内长的VEGFA由TGF-β导致了；1并且组织缺氧。这些调查结果说明那经由VEGFR-2的VEGFA的一个autocrine环为TGF-β的tumorigenic效果是批评的；1并且变形前列腺癌症上的组织缺氧。

简介：AbstractBackground:Autophagy of alveolar macrophages is a crucial process in ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential for repairing injured sites and regulating autophagy. This study was to investigate the influence of BM-MSCs on autophagy of macrophages in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) microenvironment and to explore the potential mechanism.Methods:We established a co-culture system of macrophages (RAW264.7) with BM-MSCs under OGD/R conditions in vitro. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with recombinant adenovirus (Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B) and autophagic status of RAW264.7 cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Autophagy-related proteins light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and p62 in RAW264.7 cells were detected by Western blotting. We used microarray expression analysis to identify the differently expressed genes between OGD/R treated macrophages and macrophages co-culture with BM-MSCs. We investigated the gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is downstream of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway.Results:The ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I of OGD/R treated RAW264.7 cells was increased (1.27 ± 0.20 vs. 0.44 ± 0.08, t = 6.67, P < 0.05), while the expression of p62 was decreased (0.77 ± 0.04 vs. 0.95 ± 0.10, t = 2.90, P < 0.05), and PI3K (0.40 ± 0.06 vs. 0.63 ± 0.10, t = 3.42, P < 0.05) and p-Akt/Akt ratio was also decreased (0.39 ± 0.02 vs. 0.58 ± 0.03, t = 9.13, P < 0.05). BM-MSCs reduced the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio of OGD/R treated RAW264.7 cells (0.68 ± 0.14 vs. 1.27 ± 0.20, t = 4.12, P < 0.05), up-regulated p62 expression (1.10 ± 0.20 vs. 0.77 ± 0.04, t = 2.80, P < 0.05), and up-regulated PI3K (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06, t = 3.11, P < 0.05) and p-Akt/Akt ratios (0.52 ± 0.05 vs. 0.39 ± 0.02, t = 9.13, P < 0.05). A whole-genome microarray assay screened the differentially expressed gene HO-1, which is downstream of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the alteration of HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was consistent with the data on PI3K/Akt pathway.Conclusions:Our results suggest the existence of the PI3K/Akt/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells under OGD/R circumstances in vitro, revealing the mechanism underlying BM-MSC-mediated regulation of autophagy and enriching the understanding of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ALI.