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简介：InvestigationsofchlorophyllaandprimaryproductivitywerecarriedoutintheBeringSeaalongtheBRlineandtheBSlineduringtheSecondChineseNationalArcticResearchExpeditioninthesummerof2003.Theresultsshowedthatthesurfacechlorophyllaconcentrationswere0.199～1.170μg/dm3,andtheaveragevaluewas0.723μg/dm3ontheBRline.FortheBSline,thesurfacechlorophyllaconcentrationswere0.519～4.644μg/dm3(average1.605μg/dm3)and0.568～14.968μg/dm3(average5.311μg/dm3)duringtheearlyandlatesummer,respectively.Theaveragevalueinthelatesummerwasmuchhigherthanthatintheearlysummer.Thehighvalues(morethan4.0μg/dm3)occurredatstationsoftheBSlineinthesouthernBeringStrait.Thechlorophyllaconcentrationsinthesubsurfacelayerwerehigherthanthoseinthesurfacelayer.Theresultsofthesize-fractionatedchlorophyllashowedthatthecontributionofthepicoplanktontototalchlorophyllawasthepredominanceattheearlysummerandthecontributionofthenetplanktonwasthepredominanceatthelatesummer.Thecarbonpotentialprimaryproductivitiesvariedbetween0.471and1.147mg/(m3·h)ontheBRline,withaverageratesof0.728mg/(m3·h).TheprimaryproductivitiesontheBSlineweremuchhigherthanthoseoftheBRline,rangingfrom1.227mg/(m3·h)attheearlysummerto19.046mg/(m3·h)atthelatesummer.Theresultsof1.147mg/(m3·h)ontheBRline,withaverageratesof0.728mg/(m3·h).TheprimaryproductivitiesontheBSlineweremuchhigherthanthoseoftheBRline,rangingfrom1.227mg/(m3·h)attheearlysummerto19.046mg/(m3·h)atthelatesummer.Theresultsofthesize-fractionatedprimaryproductivityshowedthatthecontributionofthenanoplanktontototalproductivitywasthepredominanceattheearlysummerandthecontributionofthenetplanktonwaspredominanceatthelatesummer.Theassimilationnumberofphotosynthesiswas0.45～2.80mg/(mg·h)inthesurveyedstations.

简介：ThisstudyverifiestheapplicabilityofEPICmodelforanerosionplot(61.2m2)andanuplandterracedwatershed(72ha)usingatotalof94rainfalleventsoverastudyperiodoftwoyears.Inordertoanalyzetheeffectofstormsizeonrunoffandsoillossprocesses,rainfalleventsaredividedintothreegroups:small(＜25mm),moderate(25-50mm)andlarge(＞50mm).Resultsindicatethatthemodelcouldpredictreasonablywelltherunoffandsoillossfromtheerosionplotandthewatershedforthemoderateandlargerainfallevents.However,therunoffandsoillosspredictionforthesmallrainfalleventsisfoundtobepoor.Onannualbasis,bothsurfacerunoffandsoillosspredictionsmatchwelltheobservations.Inlightoftheimportanceofthemoderateandlargerainfalleventsinproducingmostoftheannualrunoffandsoillossinthestudyarea,theEPICmodelisappliedtoassesstheimpactsoferosiononagriculturalproductivityandtoevaluatemanagementpracticestoprotectwatershedsinthemiddlemountainousareaofNepal.

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简介：Hybridoma房间在抗体生产率追随者暴露显示增加到张力亢进的条件。然而，内在的机制很好没被理解。在现在的学习，我们假设激活的T房间的原子因素5(NFAT5)/tonicityenhancer绑定蛋白质(TonEBP)工作增加hybridomacells的抗体生产率。NFAT5是osmosensitive哺乳动物的抄写因素。然而，它在没在张力亢进的周围被洗的各种各样的器官的无所不在的表示建议NFAT5可以也在等渗的条件下面调整细胞生长和功能。在这研究，我们由西方的污点分析在hybridoma房间检验了表示ofNFAT5，并且发现它在张力亢进的媒介显著地增加了。为了推进，在hybridoma房间定义NFAT5的功能，RNA干扰技术习惯于down在SGB-8房间(一根hybridoma房间线)调整NFAT5的表示。在等渗的媒介，hybridoma房间的抗体生产率被NFAT5while的down规定减少细胞增殖没被影响。这里介绍的结果表明那NFAT5不仅在hybridoma房间在渗透的压力反应小径起一个重要作用而且为最佳的抗体生产率是必要的。

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简介：AccordingtotherelationshipbetweenToonasinensisRoemstandvolume,productivityandforestage,siteconditions,standdensityandotherfactors,throughselecting8representativecitiesorcounties,usingstandardinvestigationandstemanalysismethod,thispapermakesrelativelysystematicresearchabouttheToonasinensisRoemplantationaccumulation,productivity,andtherelationshipbetweenthemandsiteconditions.Throughcomparativeanalysisindicatorsofmultiplesiteconditions,thispaperexpectstogiveamorecomprehensivepictureaboutthesourceofaccumulationandproductivitydifference.

简介：Directseededriceispromisingalternativetotraditionaltransplanting,butrequiresappropriatecropandwatermanagementtomaintainyieldperformanceandachievehighwaterproductivity.Presentstudyevaluatedtheeffectofseedprimingandirrigationoncropestablishment,tillering,agronomictraits,paddyyield,grainqualityandwaterproductivityofdirectseededriceinalternatewettinganddrying(DSR-AWD)incomparisonwithdirectseededriceatfieldcapacity(DSRFC).Seedprimingtreatmentswereosmo-primingwithKCl(2.2%),CaCl2(2.2%)andmoringaleafextracts(MLE,3.3%)includinghydro-primingascontrol.Amongthetreatments,seedosmo-primedwithMLEemergedearlierandhadhigherfinalemergence,followedbyosmo-primingwithCaCl2.TilleringemergencerateandnumberoftillersperplantwerethehighestforseedprimingwithCaCl2inDSRAWD.Totalproductiveandnon-productivetillers,paniclelength,biologicalandgrainyields,harvestindexwerehighestforseedprimingwithMLEorCaCl2inDSR-AWD.Similarly,grainquality,estimatedintermsofnormalgrains,abortiveandchalkygrains,wasalsothehighestinDSR-AWDwithMLEosmo-priming.BenefitcostratioandwaterproductivitywasalsothehighestinDSR-AWDforseedprimingwithMLE.Inconclusion,seedprimingwithMLEorCaCl2canbesuccessfullyemployedtoimprovethedirectseededriceperformancewhenpracticedwithalternatewettinganddryingirrigation.

简介：Theimprovedanalytichierachyprocessmethodwasutilizedinthispaper,andavarietyoffactorsinfluencingthefoodproductionwereclassifiedintoseveralinterrelatedorderlyobjectiveslayers;basedontheworksabove,thispapermadeanscientificassessmentontheinfluencingfactorsoffoodproductionandproductionpotentialofthevariousregionsintheSongnenPlain.TheweightsandcompositeindiceswerecalculatedwiththemethodofsolvingweightbyAHP'saccumulationfactorsequenceevaluatingdata,andwereprocessedbysingle-levelsortingandgeneralsorting.Theresultshowedthat,theregionofChangchunhadthebiggestpotentialforimprovingfoodproduction,butsmallestforHeiheregion.ThekeyreasonforthefoodproductiondiscrepancyofavarietyofregionsinSongnenPlainisthedifferencesinscaleofproductionandclimaticconditions,theweightcoefficientsofwhichare0.3654and0.2742;however,theweightcoefficientsofagriculturalscienceandtechnologyinvestmentisverylowjust0.1703,whichshouldbeincreastedinthefuture.

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简介：Background:Withthelossofspeciesworldwideduetoanthropogenicfactors,especiallyinforestedecosystems,ithasbecomemoreurgentthanevertounderstandthebiodiversity-ecosystemfunctioningrelationship(BEFR).BEFRresearchinforestedecosystemsisverylimitedandthusstudiesthatincorporategreatergeographiccoverageandstructuralcomplexityareneeded.Methods:Wecompiledground-measureddatafromapprox.onehalfmilionforestinventorysampleplotsacrossthecontiguousUnitedStates,Alaska,andnortheasternChinatomaptreespeciesrichness,foreststocking,andproductivityatacontinentalscale.Basedonthesedata,weinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenforestproductivityandtreespeciesdiversity,usingamultipleregressionanalysisandanon-parametricapproachtoaccountforspatialautocorrelation.Results:Ingeneral,forestsintheeasternUnitedStatesconsistedofmoretreespeciesthananyotherregionsinthecountry.ThehighestforeststockingvaluesovertheentirestudyareawereconcentratedinthewesternUnitedStatesandCentralAppalachia.Overall,96.4%ofsampleplots(477,281)showedasignificantpositiveeffectofspeciesrichnessonsiteproductivity,andonly3.6%(17,349)hadaninsignificantornegativeeffect.Conclusions:Thelargenumberofground-measuredplots,aswellasthemagnitudeofgeographicscale,renderedoverwhelmingevidenceinsupportofapositiveBEFR.Thisempiricalevidenceprovidesinsightstoforestmanagementandbiologicalconservationacrossdifferenttypesofforestedecosystems.Foresttimberproductivitymaybeimpairedbythelossofspeciesinforests,andbiologicalconservation,duetoitspotentialbenefitsonmaintainingspeciesrichnessandproductivity,canhaveprofoundimpactsonthefunctioningandservicesofforestedecosystems.

简介：Basedontheconceptofproductivecapitalstock,thispaperestimatedcapitalinputbythreeassettypesofChina’s36serviceindustriesin2003–2015,andcomparedwiththeresultsofwealthcapitalstock.Thisstudyfoundthatthewealthcapitalstockmethodunderestimatestheactualcapitalinputineachsectorinvaryingdegrees,anditmayinterferencetheaccuracyofproductivityevaluationinsectors.Accordingtothenewestimationresultsofcapitalinput,thispaperfurtherappliedfourstagesbootstrap-DEAmethodtoestimateindustrialproductivity,andcalculateditsconfidenceintervals.Thisstudyfoundthat,theyearsofeducationandtheaveragewagehaveasignificantpositiveimpactontheproductivityofserviceindustries;theproductiveserviceshaveashortboardeffectinthewholeserviceindustry.

简介：在巴基斯坦的瑞斯生产是由与流行种的技术相关的许多因素的限制。关于新种的技术的可行性的研究(在公寓上的直接播种，在公寓上移植，在山脉上的直接播种，在山脉并且降落伞种上移植)在里面移植，直接湿种子的米饭在DeraIsmail被承担巴基斯坦的北方的Khanregion韦斯特边疆省在2002和2003期间。在种的技术之中，为收益形成和经济评估的最好的表演以在两年期间在公寓上移植闻名。中国降落伞种技术也在大多数参数显示出很有希望的结果。在山脉上的直接播种不能为佼佼者在在两个都收割季节期间种的公寓和降落伞上移植。调查结果结束了与在在区域被练习的所有另外的种的技术上在公寓上移植的传统的米饭一起种技术的降落伞的可行性。

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简介：Background:Forestmanagementdecisionsarebasedonexpectationsoffuturedevelopments.Forsounddecisionsitisessentialtoaccuratelypredicttheexpectedvaluesinfuturedevelopmentsandtoaccountfortheirinherentuncertainty,forexampletheimpactofclimatechangeonforests.Changingclimaticconditionsaffectforestproduaivityandaltertheriskprofileofforestsandforestenterprises.IntensifyingdroughtstressisseenasonemajorriskfactorthreateningforestmanagementinthenorthGermanlowlands.Droughtstressreducestreegrowthandvitalityandmighteventriggermortality.Butsofar,itisnotpossibletoquantifyeffectsofapersistentdryerclimateonforestproductivityatalevelsuitableforforestmanagement.Methods:Weapplyawell-establishedsingle-treeforestgrowthsimulatortoquantifytheeffectofpersistentdryerclimatesonfutureforestproductivity.WeanalysethegrowthofScotspine(PinussylvestrisL.);Europeanbeech{FagussylvoticoL.)andoak{QuercusroburL.andQuercuspetraeo(Matt.)Liebl.)intwoforestregionsinthenorthGermanlowlandsforatimeintervalof60yearsuntil2070.Thegrowthresponseunderthreedifferentclimateprojectionsiscomparedtoabaselinescenario.Results:Theresultsshowcleardifferencesinvolumeincrementtopersistentdryerclimatesbetweentreespecies.Thefindingsexhibitregionaldifferencesandtemporaltrends.WhilemeanannualincrementatbiologicalrotationageofScotspineandoakpredominantlybenefitsfromtheprojectedclimateconditionsuntil2070,beechmightsufferlossesofupto3m3-ha’-yr1dependingonclimatescenarioandregion.However,intheprojectionperiod2051to2070theuncertaintyrangescomprisepositiveaswellasnegativeclimaticeffectsforallspecies.Conclusions:Theprojectedchangesinforestgrowthserveasquantitativecontributionstoprovidedecisionsupportintheevaluationof,forexample,speciesfuturesitesuitabilityandtimbersupplyassessments.Theanalysiso

简介：在modulating植物生产率的土壤pH的潜在的角色根据干燥质量被估计，在0.25m2空铅形式收获了，在北希腊的二块低生产率的高地草地使遭到了到年度因素的氮(N)和磷(P)授精(15gNm−2year−1和10gPm−2year−1)在最小上3年的时期。在这些特别条件下面，一种积极关系将在土壤pH和植物生产率之间存在，进一步，营养素的那N或P化肥应用限制系统，这被假设，将导致一变弱这种积极关系。一种重要积极关系在其它在二个学习区域和一个积极趋势之一在土壤pH和植物生产率之间被证实。而且，植物生产率增加，后面的授精，看起来在土壤pH植物生产率关系上有有害效果。调查结果支持原来的假设并且加强想法种调停差异的土壤pH植物生产率关系是发生在更多的“typical”下面的更强烈的植物种形成的结果更高的pH在的土壤条件与热带区域对比适度。

简介：ToanalyzeChina'sfluctuatingsituationofthefactorinputandaggregativeproductivityisnotonlythemainmethodtoseekthesourceoftheeconomicgrowthbutalsothemainwaytoweighthelevelofeconomicgrowthquality.Astoeconomicgrowthofacountry,theimprovementoftheproductivityisextremelyimportant.Thegrowthoftheoutputcanberealizedthroughtwokindsofways:increasingthequantityoffactorinputoforimprovingtheeffciencyoftheinputandoutput.Therefore,thelevelofeconomicgrowthquafitydoesnotmainlydependontheamountofinvesTedfactor,buttheimportanceofimprovingtheprodutivitysincePesourcesarerare.Therelativeimprovementofefficiencyinuseoftheinvestedfactormarkstheeconomicgrowingquality.So,inordertounderstandtheeconomicgrowthquafityofChinatosomeextent,itmustanalyzeChinesefactorinputandaggregativeproductivity.Thisisthemaintopicthatthistextwiltbeprobedinto.