简介：AnefficientprocessfortheconversionofdimethyloxalateintoethyleneglycolwithhighselectivityandhighyieldoverCu2Owasinvestigated.InsituformedCuasatruecatalyticallyactivespeciesshowedagoodcatalyticperformanceforDMOconversiontoproduceEGin95%yield.

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简介：Theoccurrencemodesofalkaliandalkaline-earthmetals(AAEMs)incoalrelatetotheirreleasebehaviorandashformationduringcombustion.TobetterunderstandthetransformationofAAEMs,thereleasebehaviorofwater-soluble,HCl-soluble,HCl-insolubleAAEMsduringShenmucoal(SMcoal)oxy-fuelcombustioninthepresenceofSO2andH2Oinadrop-tubereactorwasinvestigatedthroughserialdissolutionusingH2OandHClsolutions.TheresultsshowthatthereleaseratesofAAEMsincreasewithanincreaseintemperatureunderthethreeatmospheresstudied.ThehighreleaseratesofMgandCafromSMcoalaredependentonthehighcontentofsolubleMgandCainSMcoal.SO2inhibitsthereleaseratesofAAEMs,whileH2Opromotesthem.TheeffectsofSO2andH2OontheNaandKspeciesaremoreevidentthanthoseonMgandCaspecies.AllthreetypesofAAEMsincoalcanvolatilizeinthegasphaseduringcoalcombustion.TheW-typeAAEMsreleaseexcessively,whereasthereleaseratesofI-typeAAEMsarerelativelylower.DifferenttypesofAAEMmayinterconvertthroughdifferentpathwaysundercertainconditions.BothSO2andH2Opromotethetransformationreactions.TheeffectofSO2wasrelatedtosulfateformationandthepromotionbyH2OoccursbecauseofadecreaseinthemeltingpointofthesolidaswellasthereactionofH2O.

简介：Co-electrolysisofCO2andH2Ousinghigh-temperaturesolidoxideelectrolysiscells（SOECs）intovaluablechemicalshasattractedgreatattentionsrecentlyduetothehighconversionandenergyefficiency,whichprovidesopportunitiesofreducingCO2emission,mitigatingglobalwarmingandstoringintermittentrenewableenergies.AsingleSOECtypicallyconsistsofanionconductingelectrolyte,ananodeandacathodewheretheco-electrolysisreactiontakesplace.Thehighoperatingtemperatureanddifficultactivatedcarbon-oxygendouble-bondofCO2putforwardstrictrequirementsforSOECcathode.Greateffortsarebeingdevotedtodevelopsuitablecathodematerialswithhighcatalyticactivityandexcellentlong-termstabilityforCO2/H2Oelectro-reduction.Thesofarcathodematerialdevelopmentisthekeypointofthisreviewandalternativestrategiesofhigh-performancecathodematerialpreparationisproposed.UnderstandingthemechanismofCO2/H2Oelectro-reductionisbeneficialtohighlyactivecathodedesignandoptimization.Thusthepossiblereactionmechanismisalsodiscussed.Especially,amethodincombinationwithelectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy（EIS）measurement,distributionfunctionsofrelaxationtimes（DRT）calculation,complexnonlinearleastsquare（CNLS）fittingandoperandoambientpressureX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy（APXPS）characterizationisintroducedtocorrectlydisclosethereactionmechanismofCO2/H2Oco-electrolysis.Finally,differentreactionmodesoftheCO2/H2OcoelectrolysisinSOECsaresummarizedtooffernewstrategiestoenhancetheCO2conversion.Otherwise,developingSOECsoperatingat300-600°CcanintegratetheelectrochemicalreductionandtheFischer-TropschreactiontoconverttheCO2/H2Ointomorevaluablechemicals,whichwillbeanewresearchdirectioninthefuture.

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简介：合成了氰根桥联配合物Co[Fe(CN)5NO].5H2O,使用元素分析、热重分析、红外光谱、XRD对配合物进行了表征。红外光谱显示金属离子通过氰根桥联即FeII-CN-NiII传递磁相互作用,是属于桥式氰根配体的CN伸缩振动,而粉末XRD衍射图表明此化合物为面心立方体结构(FCC),空间群为Fm3m(225),晶格常数a=10.2856。通过对该配合物的直流变温磁化率和交流磁化率测定表明金属离子通过氰根传递弱反铁磁作用,根据Curie-Weiss定律,拟合数据获得居里常数C=1.55cm3·K/mol,顺磁居里温度θ=-1.87K。

简介：Nanosheet(S)andnanoplate(P)γ-Al2O3weresynthesizedbysimplehydrothermalmethodsandemployedassupportsforNicatalystsinCO2methanation.BothofthenanostructuredNi/Al2O3catalystsdisplayedgoodactivity.Incomparison,theNi/Al2O3-ScatalystshowedhigherCO2conversionthantheNi/Al2O3-Pcounterpartatthereactiontemperaturerangingfrom250to400°C.ThephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthecatalystsweresystematicallycharacterizedbyN2sorption,X-raydiffraction(XRD),highresolution-transmissionelectronmicroscopy(HR-TEM),hydrogentemperature-programmedreduction(H2-TPR)andCO2temperature-programmeddesorption(CO2-TPD)techniques.Higherspecificsurfaceareaandstrongermetal-supportinteractionswereconfirmedontheNi/Al2O3-Scatalyst,whichmayleadtosmallerparticlesizeofNinanoparticles.Moreover,theNi/Al2O3-Scatalystpossessedmoreabundantweakandmediumbasicsites,whichwouldbenefittheactivationofCO2.ThesmallerNisizeandmoresuitablebasicsitesmayrationalizethesuperioractivityoftheNi/Al2O3-Scatalyst.Besides,theNi/Al2O3-Scatalystexhibitedexcellentstabilityat325°Cfor40h.

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简介：ThemorphologyeffectofZr-dopedCeO2wasstudiedintermsoftheiractivitiesintheselectiveoxidationofstyrenetostyreneoxideusingtert-butylhydroperoxideastheoxidant.Inthepresentwork,ZrdopedCeO2nanorodsexhibitedthehighestcatalyticperformance（yieldofstyreneoxideandTOFvalue）followedbynanoparticlesandnanocubes.FortheZr-dopedCeO2nanorods,theapparentactivationenergyis56.3kJ/mol,whichismuchlowerthanthevaluesofcatalystssupportedonnanoparticlesandnanocubes（73.3and93.4kJ/mol）.Thehighresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopyresultsindicatedthat（100）and（110）crystalplanesarepredominantlyexposedforZr-dopedCeO2nanorodswhile（100）and（111）fornanocubes,（111）fornanoparticles.TheremarkablyincreasedcatalyticactivityoftheZrdopedCeO2nanorodsismainlyattributedtothehigherpercentageofCe3+speciesandmoreoxygenvacancies,whichareassociatedwiththeirexposed（100）and（110）crystalplanes.Furthermore,recyclingstudiesprovedthattheheterogeneousZr-dopedCeO2nanorodsdidnotloseitsinitialhighcatalyticactivityafterfivesuccessiverecycles.

简介：Multilayerblackphosphorus（BP）nanoplateletsofdifferentthicknesseswerepreparedbytheliquidphaseexfoliationmethodanddepositedontoyttriumaluminumgarnetsubstratestoformsaturableabsorbers（SAs）.Thesewerecharacterizedwithrespecttotheirthickness-dependentsaturableabsorptionpropertiesat3μm.TheBP-SAswereemployedinapassivelyQ-switchedEr:Lu2O3laserat2.84μm.ByusingBPexfoliatedindifferentsolvents,stablepulsesasshortas359nsweregeneratedatanaverageoutputpowerofupto755mW.Therepetitionrateintheexperimentwas107kHz,correspondingtoapulseenergyof7.1μJ.TheseresultsprovethatBP-SAshaveagreatpotentialforopticalmodulationinthemid-infraredrange.

简介：Sn-dopedTiO_2nanoparticleswithhighsurfaceareaof125.7m~2·g~(-1)aresynthesizedviaasimpleone-stephydrothermaimethodandexploredasthecathodecatalystsupportforprotonexchangemembranefuelcells.ThesynthesizedsupportmaterialsarestudiedbyX-raydiffractionanalysis,energydispersiveX-rayspectroscopyandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Itisfoundthattheconductivityhasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheadditionof30mol%SnandPtnanoparticlesarewelldispersedonTi_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2supportwithanaveragesizeof2.44run.ElectrochemicalstudiesshowthattheTi_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2nanoparticleshaveexcellentelectrochemicalstabilityunderahighpotentialcomparedtoVulcanXC-72.Theas-synthesizedPt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2exhibitshighandstableelectrocatalyticactivityfortheoxygenreductionreaction.ThePt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2catalystreservesmostofitselectrochemicallyactivesurfacearea(ECA),anditshalfwavepotentialdifferenceis11mV,whichislowerthanthatofPt/XC-72(36mV)under10hpotentialholdat1.4Vvs.NHE.Inaddition,theECAdegradationofPt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2is1.9timeslowerthancommercialPt/XC-72under500potentialcyclesbetween0.6Vand1.2Vvs.NHE.Therefore,theassynthesizedPt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2canbeconsideredasapromisingalternativecathode,catalystforprotonexchangemembranefuelcells.

简介：AnapplicatiopnoftheopticalpyrometerisstudiedformeasuringmonochromaticemissivitiesofcementclinkerwithvariousFe2O3contnet.Theidsaofusing“brightnesstemperature”isintroducedintotheeimssivitymeasurement.Inthismethod,thereisnoneedformeasuringanactualtemperatureofsamplesurfaces,onlywithdeterminingbothbrightnesstemperaturesofasampleandablackbodycantherequiredemissivitybeevaluatedaccordingtoWien'sradiationlaw.Inpractice,thecementclinkerisregardedasagreybody,themonochromaticemissivityisapproximatelyequaltothetotalemissivity,soasingle-colouropticalpyrometerisappliedforthispurpose,Testmeasurementsarecarriedouton10kindsofcementclinkers,Experimentaldataaretreatedbytheleastsquaremethod.Asaresult,theemissivityvariationwithtemperatureatacertainFe2O3contentisquitewellrepresentedbyεn=a+bT.Furthermore,thisworkfirstreportedthattheeimissivitiesofcementclinkerchangeconsierablywithFe2O3contents.Inmultiplecementproductionthisconclusionisveryimportant.

简介：Ithasbeenproposedthatfusionreactionsbetweenneutron-richlightnuclei,forexample24C,24Oand28Ne,maycontributetoachievingtheignitiontemperatureforexplosivecarbonburningprocessduringsuperbusrsts[1,2].Studiesoffusionreactionsinvolvingneutron-richnucleiarebeyondordinaryexperimentaltechniques,sincetheintensityofradioactivebeambecomelowforthesemeasurements[3].TheactivetargettechniqueusingTPC(TimeProjectionChamber),withpropertiesofmulti-sampling,highefficiencyandlowbackground,isasuitablesolutiontotheproblem.

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简介：ThepresolarSiCgrains[1]carrytheoriginalstellarnucleosynthesissignature.Theirisotopicanomaliescomparedtothesunarethestrongconstrainsinthesupernovae(SN)modelcalculations.The15N-excessinsomeSiC-ABgrains(12C/13C<10and14N/15N<272)isoneofthechallengesofcore-collapsesupernovae(CCSNe)models[2].Recently,PignataripointedoutthattheentrainmentofH-richmaterialintotheHeshellbeforetheSNexplosionallowsthecoproductionof13C,15Nand26Al,whichprovidesanewproductionscenarioforSiC-ABgrains[2].IntheHeshellnucleosynthesis,the13Cisproducedthrough12C(p,γ)13N(β+γ)13Creaction.The14Nissynthesizedthrough13N(n,γ)and13C(p,γ)reactions.

简介：TheroleoftemperatureontheoxidationdynamicsofCu2OonZnO(0001)wasinvestigatedduringtheoxidationofCu(111)/ZnO(0001)byusingoxygenplasmaastheoxidant.AtransitionfromsinglecrystallineCu2O(111)orientationtomicro-zonephaseseparationwithmultipleorientationswasrevealedwhentheoxidationtemperatureincreasedabove300°C.TheexperimentalresultsclearlyshowtheeffectoftheoxidationtemperaturewiththeassistanceofoxygenplasmaonchangingthemorphologyofCu(111)filmandenhancingthelateralnucleationandmigrationabilitiesofcuprousoxides.Averticaltop-downoxidationmodeandalateralmigrationmodelwereproposedtoexplainthedifferentnucleationandgrowthdynamicsofthetemperature-dependentoxidationprocessintheoxidationofCu(111)/ZnO(0001).

简介：Two-dimensionalatomic-layeredmaterialisarecentresearchfocus,andsinglelayerTa2O5usedasgatedielectricinfield-effecttransistorsisobtainedviaassembliesofTa2O5nanosheets.However,theelectricalperformanceisseriouslyaffectedbyelectronicdefectsexistinginTa2O5.Therefore,spectroscopicellipsometryisusedtocalculatethetransitionenergiesandcorrespondingprobabilitiesfortwodifferentchargedoxygenvacancies,whoseexistenceisrevealedbyx-rayphotoelectronspectroscopyanalysis.SpectroscopicellipsometryfittingalsocalculatesthethicknessofsinglelayerTa2O5,exhibitinggoodagreementwithatomicforcemicroscopymeasurement.NondestructiveandnoncontactspectroscopicellipsometryisappropriatefordetectingtheelectricaldefectslevelofsinglelayerTa2O5.

简介：Au/Ce1xZrxO2catalysts(x=0-0.8)werepreparedbyadeposition-precipitationmethodusingCe1xZrxO2nanoparticlesassupportswithvariableCeandZrcontents.TheirstructureswerecharacterizedbycomplimentarymeanssuchasX-raydiffraction,Raman,scanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopyandX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS).TheseAucatalystspossessedsimilarsizesandcrystallinephasesofCe1xZrxO2supportsaswellassimilarsizesandoxidationstatesofAunanoparticles.TheoxidationstateofAunanoparticleswasdominatedbyAu0especiallyinCOoxidation.TheiractivitieswereexaminedinCOoxidationatdifferenttemperaturesintherangeof303333K.TheCOoxidationratesnormalizedperAuatomsincreasedwiththeincreasingCecontents,andreachedthemaximumvalueoverAu/CeO2.Suchchangewasinparallelwiththechangeintheoxygenstoragecapacityvalues,i.e.theamountsofactiveoxygenspeciesonAu/Ce1xZrxO2catalysts.TheexcellentcorrelationbetweenthetwopropertiesofthecatalystssuggeststhattheintrinsicsupporteffectsontheCOoxidationratesisrelatedtotheeffectsontheadsorptionandactivationofO2onAu/Ce1xZrxO2catalysts.SuchunderstandingonthesupporteffectsmaybeusefulfordesigningmoreactiveAucatalysts,forexample,bytuningtheredoxpropertiesofoxidesupports.

简介：Ta2O5电影被常规电子横梁蒸发方法在熔化硅石底层上扔。由在不同温度退火，非结晶、六角形、斜方晶的阶段的Ta2O5电影被获得并且由X光证实衍射计(XRD)结果。X光检查光电子光谱学(XPS)分析证明所有这些电影的化学作文是stoichiometry。非结晶的Ta2O5电影完成最高的激光，这被发现在355或1064nm的导致的损坏阀值(LIDT)任何一个，由六角形的阶段和最后斜方晶的阶段列在后面。当前者显示出一个一致熔化区域，当后者在至少一个缺点点上被集中时，在355和1064nm的损坏形态学是不同的，它被不同损坏机制导致。在1064nm的LIDT的减少被归因于增加结构的缺点，当时在355nm由于增加的联合效果结构的缺点和减少的乐队差距精力。[从作者抽象]

简介：AfacilehydrothermalmethodwasdevelopedforthepreparationofFe2O3@CnanocompositesusingFeCl3·6H2Oasironsourceandglucoseascarbonsourceunderalkalinecondition.Themorphologyandstructureoftheas-preparedproductwereidentifiedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),highresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HRTEM),field-emissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FESEM),X-raydiffraction(XRD),Ramanspectroscopy,FourierTransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),andthermogravimetricanalysis(TGA).Theas-prepareα-Fe2O3@Cnanocompositeswereemployedforsupercapacitorelectrodematerial.Thesynergisticcombinationofcarbonelectricaldouble-layercapacitanceandα-Fe2O3pseudo-capacitanceestablishedsuchnanocompositesasversatileplatformforhighperformancesupercapacitors.Thesynthesismethoddevelopedhereisexpectedtoobtainothermetaloxide/carboncomposite.