简介：与不同特征的二剩余油的热升级在实验室规模被学习连续推迟的coking单位。目标是在液体产量和产品分发上调查象温度，反应时间和添加剂那样的进程变量的影响。73%的最大的液体收益与商业单位与69%相比被完成。这收益甚至在添加剂的效果下面被增加到75%。由模仿的真空蒸馏的液体油的分别为商业单位显示出柴油机(46.9%)的高收益，与28%相比。

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简介：杆菌thuringiensisvar。israelensis(Bti)是最通常使用的杀幼虫剂控制世界范围的蚊子。是考虑了对大多数有机体无毒，Bti能不过由减少许多Chironomidae引起营养的不安到自然社区，它是沼泽地食物网的一个关键元素。自从2006年8月，蚊子的33000ha中的多达8400个在Camargue的幼虫的biotopes(Rh?ne三角洲，在南部的法国)，被一个公共机构和Btisprayed(在2.5L/ha的VectoBac12AS的水的答案)监视每当时蚊子幼虫(Ochlerotatuscaspius和Oc。岩屑)出现在水身体。这导致了30-50天线处理/年，除了未知频率喷洒的地面。喷洒的产地包括Phragmites南极光reedbeds，它支持保存担心的一个特定的鸟类。我们比较了对雀形目的鸟可得到的许多无脊椎动物猎物在对待并且在一个9year时期上基于水文学相对预言的值控制地点。对芦苇passerines可得到的食物显著地在对待的区域被减少，翻译成在饲养基于预兆的建模的鸟的34%减少。大多数影响节肢动物是双翅目的，Aranaea，翘目，和Hymenoptera。没有累积效果随着时间的过去被观察，但是在蚊子控制的停止以后的无脊椎的集合的恢复在沉积由于Bti孢子坚持和增长被推迟。当水文学仍然是影响Camargue芦苇沼泽地的主要、第二等的生产率的一个主要因素时，喷洒的Bti在几个营养的层次在动物社区上有重要否定效果。

简介：摘要ObjectiveTo assess real-world effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning we conducted a retrospective review of patients with CO poisoning admitted to Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan′s largest medical center, during 2009-2015.MethodsWe included patients developing DNS after CO poisoning and compared improvements in neuropsychiatric function, with and without HBOT, after 12 months post-DNS to understand differences in recovery rates. DNS improvement-associated factors were also evaluated. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the role of time elapsed between DNS diagnosis and HBOT initiation in predicting DNS improvement.ResultsA total of 62 patients developed DNS, of whom 11 recovered while the rest did not. Possible factors predicting DNS improvement included receiving HBOT post-DNS (72.7% vs 25.5%; P＝0.006), and treatment with more than three HBOT sessions during acute stage CO poisoning (81.8% vs 27.5%; P＝0.003). The relevant area under the ROC curve was 0.789 (95% CI 0.603-0.974), and the best cut-off point was 3 days post-DNS diagnosis, with 87.5% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity.ConclusionEarly HBOT in patients who developed DNS after CO poisoning significantly improved their DNS symptoms, with treatment effects sustained for 1 year after DNS diagnosis.

简介：AbstractBackground:Dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms that causes delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Pressure reactivity index (PRx) have been confirmed to reflect the level of cerebral autoregulation and used to derive optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt). The goal of this study is to explore the associations between autoregulation, CPPopt, PRx, and DCI.Methods:Continuous intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) signals acquired from 61 aSAH patients were retrospectively analyzed. PRx was calculated and collected by Pneumatic computer system. The CPP at the lowest PRx was determined as the CPPopt. The duration of a hypoperfusion event (dHP) was defined as the cumulative time that the PRx was > 0.3 and the CPP was <CPPopt. The duration of CPP more than 10 mmHg below CPPopt (ΔCPPopt < -10 mmHg) was also used to assess hypoperfusion. The percent of the time of hypoperfusion by dHP and ΔCPPopt < -10 mmHg (%dHP and %ΔCPPopt) were compared between DCI group and control group, utilizing univariate and multivariable logistic regression. It was the clinical prognosis at 3 months after hemorrhage that was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale, and logistic regression and ROC analysis were used for predictive power for unfavorable outcomes (mRs 3-5).Results:Data from 52 patients were included in the final analysis of 61 patients. The mean %dHP in DCI was 29.23% and 10.66% in control. The mean %ΔCPPopt < -10 mmHg was 22.28%, and 5.90% in control. The %dHP (p < 0.001) and the %ΔCPPopt < -10mmHg (p < 0.001) was significantly longer in the DCI group. In multivariate logistic regression model, %ΔCPPopt <-10 mmHg (p < 0.001) and %dHP (p < 0.001) were independent risk factor for predicting DCI, and %ΔCPPopt <-10 mmHg (p = 0.010) and %dHP (p = 0.026) were independent risk factor for predicting unfavorable outcomes.Conclusions:The increase of duration of hypoperfusion events and duration of CPP below CPPopt over 10 mmHg, evaluated as time of lowered CPP, is highly indicative of DCI and unfavorable outcomes.

简介：ThispaperfocusesontheH∞controllerdesignforlinearsystemswithtime-varyingdelaysandnormboundedparameterperturbetionsinthesystemstateandcontrol/disturbance.Ontheexistenceofdelayed/undelayedfullstatefeedbackcontrollers,wepresentasufficientconditionandgiveadesignmethodintheformofRiccatiequation.Thecontrollercannotonlystabilizethetime-delaysystem,butalsomaketheH∞normoftheclosed-loopsystembelessthanagivenbound.Thisresultpracticallygeneralizestherelatedresultsincurrentliterature.

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简介：摘要ObjectiveThis study aimed at assessing which one of the 2 therapies is better for treating carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from the perspective of reducing delayed neuropsychologicsequelae (DNS).MethodsWe used Taiwan′s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to conduct a nationwide population-based cohort study to assess which therapy is better for CO poisoning patients. To accurately identify patients with DNS, the definition of DNS is included neurological sequelae, and cognitive and psychological sequele. The independent variable was therapy and the dependent variable was DNS occurred within 1 year after discharge from a medical institution. The control variables were age, gender, the severity of CO poisoning, and comorbidities present before CO poisoning admission.ResultsThe risk of developing DNS in patients treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) was 1.87-fold (P< .001) than normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapy. The severity of CO poisoning and comorbidities were also found to have significant influences on the risk of developing DNS.ConclusionsHBO may be a risk therapy for treating CO poisoning.

简介：ThisarticleconcernsacoupledLMIsapproachtodelay-dependentobserver-basedoutputfeedbackstabilizingcontrollerdesignforlinearcontinuous-timesystemswithmultiplestatedelays.Theadvantageofourproposeddelay-dependentcoupledLMIscriterionliesinthat:(1)itcanoptimizeoneofmultipletimedelayswithothersselectedproperly,andatthesametime,thefeedback-gainandobserver-gaincanbeobtained,respectively.(2)itislessconservativethantheexistingdelay-independentonesintheliterature.AlgorithmtosolvethecoupledLMIsisalsogiven.Numericalexamplesillustratetheeffectivenessofourmethod.

简介：Controlofthespatiotemporalpatternsnearthecodimension-threeTuring–Hopf–Wavebifurcationsisstudiedbyusingtime-delayedfeedbackinathree-variableBrusselatormodel.LinearstabilityanalysisofthesystemshowsthatthecompetitionamongtheTuring-,Hopf-andWave-modes,thewavenumber,andtheoscillationfrequencyofpatternscanbecontrolledbychangingthefeedbackparameters.TheroleofthefeedbackintensityPuplayedoncontrollingthepatterncompetitionisequivalenttothatofPw,butoppositetothatofPv.TheroleofthefeedbackintensityPuplayedoncontrollingthewavenumberandoscillationfrequencyofpatternsisequivalenttothatofPv,butoppositetothatofPw.Whentheintensitiesoffeedbackareappliedequally,changingthedelayedtimecouldnotalterthecompetitionamongthesemodes,however,itcancontroltheoscillationfrequencyofpatterns.Theanalyticalresultsareverifiedbytwo-dimensional(2D)numericalsimulations.

简介：Togaininsightsintotheototoxiceffectsofaminoglycosideantibiotics(AmAn)anddelayedperipheralganglionneurondeathintheinnerear.experimentalanimalmodelswerewidelyusedwithseveraldifferentapproachesincludingAmAnsystemicinjections,combinationtreatmentofAmAnanddiuretics,orlocalapplicationofAmAn.Intheseapproaches,systemicAmAntreatmentaloneusuallycausesincompletedamagetohaircellsintheinnerear.Co-administrationofdiureticandAmAncancompletelydestroythecochlearhaircells,butitisimpossibletodamagethevestibularsystem.OnlytheapproachofAmAnlocalapplicationcanselectivelyeliminatemostsensoryhaircellsintheinnerear.Therefore,AmAnlocalapplicationismoresuitableforstudiesforcompletehaircelldestructionsincochlearandvestibularsystemandthefollowingdelayedperipheralganglionneurondeath.Incurrentstudies,guineapigswereunilaterallytreatedwithahighconcentrationofgentamicin(GM,40nig/ml)throughthetympanicmembraneintothemiddleearcavity.AuditoryfunctionsandvestibularfunctionsweremeasuredbeforeandafterGMtreatment.Thelossofhaircellsanddelayeddegenerationofganglionneuronsinbothcochlearandvestibularsystemwerequantified30daysor60daysaftertreatment.TheresultsshowedthatbothauditoryandvestibularfunctionswerecompletelyabolishedafterGMtreatment.Thesensoryhaircellsweretotallymissinginthecochlea,andseverelydestroyedinvestibularend-organs.Thedelayedspiralganglionneurondeath60daysafterthedeafeningprocedurewasover50%.However,noobviouspathologicalchangeswereobservedinvestibularganglionneurons60dayspost-treatment.Theseresultsindicatedthatahighconcentrationofgentamycindeliveredtothemiddleearcavitycandestroymostsensoryhaircellsintheinnerearthatsubsequentlycausesthedelayedspiralganglionneurondegeneration.Thismodelmightbeusefulforstudiesofhaircellregenerations,delayeddegenerationofperipheralauditoryne

简介：AlterationsinDNArepair,cellcycle,andapoptoticpathwaysareoftenassociatedwithcancerriskandradiationsensitivity.IndividualswithreducedDNAdamageresponsefaceagreatersensitivitytomutagenchallenge.Interindividualvariabilityinmutagenorradiationsensitivityandincancersusceptibilitymayalsobetracedbacktopolymorphismsofgenesaffectinge.g.DNArepaircapacity[1].

简介：AbstractPurpose:The median time from the event leading to the spinal cord injury (SCI) to the time of decompressive surgery is estimated to be 6.9 days in Iran, which is much longer than the proposed ideal time (less than 24 h) in published guidelines. The current qualitative study aimed to determine the reasons for the observed decompression surgery delay in Iran from the perspective of neurosurgeons.Methods:This qualitative study is designed to perform content analysis on the gathered data from face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 12 Iranian neurosurgeons.Results:The findings of the current study suggest that patient-related factors constitute more than half of the codes extracted from the interviews. Overall, the type of injury, presence of polytrauma, and surgeons' wrong attitude are the main factors causing delayed spinal cord decompression in Iranian patients from the perspective of neurosurgeons. Other notable factors include delay in transferring patients to the trauma center, delay in availability of necessary equipment, and scarce medical personnel.Conclusion:In the perspective of neurosurgeons, the type of injury, presence of polytrauma, and surgeons' wrong attitude are the leading reasons for delayed decompressive surgery of individuals with SCI in Iran.

简介：摘要ObjectivesDelayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) are serious complications of carbon monoxide poisoning; neuropsychiatric disorders can occur within a few days of recovery from acute poisoning. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been the main treatment of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and was recommended as the treatment choice for CO poisoning by the American Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society and the Tenth European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine of the European Underwater and Baromedical Society. However, the optimal timing for commencing HBOT in patients with CO poisoning remains unknown. We therefore conducted a retrospective study in an attempt to target the optimal time of HBOT for DNS prevention.MethodsA retrospective review of patient files/medical records was conducted on all patients with CO poisoning admitted to the Emergency Department of Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015. A total of 279 patients who received HBOT were eligible for further DNS detection. DNS was defined as the presence of one of the following neurological, cognitive, or psychological sequelae that were documented in the medical record during hospital stay or outpatient clinic follow-up for at least 6 months. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify potential determinants of DNS after receiving HBOT for CO poisoning. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the influence of duration from CO exposure to HBOT on DNS development.ResultsA Glasgow coma score of <9 (odds ratio [OR], 3.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-8.60) and a longer duration from CO exposure to HBOT (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.09) were associated with a higher risk of DNS. By contrast, the presence of multiple victims from the same incident was associated with a lower risk of DNS. The ROC curve for the duration between CO exposure and HBOT in predicting DNS development demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.638 (95% CI, 0.575-0.698). The optimal cut-off point according to the Youden index was 22.5 h, with a sensitivity of 41.7% and a specificity of 85.9%. We also stratified the duration from CO exposure to HBOT into 5 intervals (< 6 h, 6-11 h, 12-23 h, 24-47 h and ≥ 48 h) and revealed a trend of increasing DNS risk with time.ConclusionWe identified several potential predictors of DNS in patients with CO poisoning who received HBOT. Multivariable logistic regressions further revealed that longer duration from CO exposure to HBOT, loss of consciousness, and the presence of multiple victims were independent predictors of DNS development. HBOT should be performed as early as possible and preferably within 22.5 h after CO poisoning.

简介：Whitenoisedeconvolutionorinputwhitenoiseestimationproblemhasimportantappli-cationbackgroundsinoilseismicexploration,communicationandsignalprocessing.Bythemoderntimeseriesanalysismethod,basedontheAuto-RegressiveMovingAverage(ARMA)innovationmodel,underthelinearminimumvarianceoptimalfusionrules,threeoptimalweightedfusionwhitenoisedeconvolutionestimatorsarepresentedforthemultisensorsystemswithtime-delayedmeasurementsandcoloredmeasurementnoises.Theycanhandletheinputwhitenoisefusedfiltering,predictionandsmoothingproblems.Theaccuracyofthefusersishigherthanthatofeachlocalwhitenoiseestimator.Inordertocomputetheoptimalweights,theformulaofcomputingthelocalestimationerrorcross-covariancesisgiven.AMonteCarlosimulationexampleforthesystemwith3sensorsandtheBernoulli-Gaussianinputwhitenoiseshowstheireffectivenessandperformances.

简介：Theproblemofadaptivefuzzycontrolforaclassoflarge-scale,time-delayedsystemswithunknownnonlineardead-zoneisdiscussedhere.Basedontheprincipleofvariablestructurecontrol,adesignschemeofadaptive,decentralized,variablestructurecontrolisproposed.Theapproachremovestheconditionsthatthedead-zoneslopesandboundariesareequalandsymmetric,respectively.Inaddition,itdoesnotrequirethattheassumptionsthatallparametersofthenonlineardead-zonemodelandthelumpeduncertaintyareknownconstants.Theadaptivecompensationtermsoftheapproximationerrorsareadoptedtominimizetheinfluenceofmodelingerrorsandparameterestimationerrors.Bytheoreticalanalysis,theclosed-loopcontrolsystemisprovedtobesemi-globallyuniformlyultimatelybounded,withtrackingerrorsconvergingtozero.Simulationresultsdemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheapproach.

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简介：这篇论文建议一个延期依赖者为引擎保证费用得到了控制计划有induction-to-torque延期和外部负担骚乱的闲散速度控制(ISC)。以操作模式的闲散速度的引擎的一个扩充linearization模型基于物理原则和实验数据被开发。在ISC一起提供在骚乱拒绝和ISC，上面的界限被给的多客观的费用功能，它能帮助我们考虑燃料经济和骚乱拒绝性能的另外的表演要求之间的妥协。杆限制被加到靠近环的系统保证状态的集中率。ISC的整个优化答案能在LMI的框架下面被解决。一个商业引擎模型被利用估计控制器的表演。这个模型上的模拟结果给我们看设计控制器能完成需要的性能。

简介：摘要IntroductionDelayed encephalopathy due to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can even occur in patients with mild symptoms of acute CO poisoning. Some cases taking conventional hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy or steroid-pulse therapy may be insufficient, and AchEI may be effective.Patient concerns and diagnosesWe report two cases of delayed encephalopathy after acute CO poisoning involving two women aged 69 (Case 1) and 60 years (Case 2) whose cognitive function improved with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AchEI) treatment. Delayed encephalopathy occurred 25 and 35 days after acute CO poisoning in Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. Both patients demonstrated cognitive impairment, apathy, and hypokinesia on admission.Interventions and outcomesAlthough hyperbaric oxygen therapy did not yield any significant improvements, cognitive dysfunction improved substantially. This was evidenced by an improved Mini-Mental State Examination score from 9 to 28 points in Case 1 and an improved Hasegawa′s dementia rating scale score from 4 to 25 points in Case 2 after administration of an AchEI. In Case 1, we administered galantamine hydrobromide, which was related with improved white matter lesions initially detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging. However, in Case 2 white matter lesions persisted despite AchEI treatment. AchEI treatment may result in improved cognitive and frontal lobe function by increasing low acetylcholine concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal lobe caused by decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels in delayed encephalopathy after CO poisoning.ConclusionPhysicians should consider AchEIs for patients demonstrating delayed encephalopathy due to CO poisoning.