简介：ThepresentstudyinvestigatesthechangesinTEC(totalelectroncontent)andionosphericscintillationindex(S4)inferredfromtheGNSSdatarecordedattheSCINDAstationofAbidjan(Latitude=5.34°N,Longitude=3.90°W)duringandafterasolarflare.Inthecourseof2014,ayearofhighsolaractivity,three(3)casesofextreme(X1.66)andmoderate(M6.23andM2.13)solarflaresrecordedinthemonthsofSeptemberandDecembereffectsontheionospherehavebeenstudiedusingtheXrayfluxes,themagneticparameters(Vx,Bz,Dst),theionosphericscintillationindexS4andTECanditsROT(timerateofchange).TheROTexhibitsaprominentpeakbetweenten(10)andtwelve(12)minutesaftertheoccurrenceofthemaximumpeakofthetimerateofchangeoftheX-rayfluxemittedduringtheflare.TheROTmaximumvalueoccurssimultaneouslywithanenhancementoftheS4index.DeferredperturbationsofthesolarflareontheTECintheSCINDAstationofAbidjanoccurwithin42to54hoursafteranM-classsolarflareandwithin46to58hoursfollowinganX-Classsolarflare.Themagneticstormsresultedfromtheseflaresshowanincrementof20%onVTECobservedwhencomparedtotheaverageVTEC()computedfromthemostfive(5)quietestdaysoftheselectedmonths.

简介：ThehybridsensitizerrhodamineBandcoumarinoreosinandcoumarinisusedtosensitizenanocrystallineporousfilms.Absorptionofthenanocrystallinephotovoltaiccell(NPC)isimprovedinvisiblelight.TheperformanceofthesecellsismoreeffectivethanthatofcellssensitizedonlybysensitizerrhodamineBoreosin.Inthesimulativesolarlight,cellsensitizedbyhybridsensitizerrhodamineBandcoumarincangetopencircuitvoltage(VOC)of550mVandshortcircuitcurrent(ISC)of0.1375mA/cm2.

简介：AseriesofsamplesdepositedbyVHF-PECVDatdifferentpressureswerestudied.Themeasurementresultsofphotosensitivity(photoconductivity/darkconductivity)andactivationenergyindicatednearthesamerulewiththechangeofthepressure.TheresultsmeasuredbyRamanscatteringspectra,X-raydiffractionandFTIRallprovedtheevidentcrystallizationofthematerials.Treatingthep/iinterfacebyhydrogenhasagreatimprovingeffectontheperformanceofthemicrocrystallinesilicon(μc-Si)p-i-nsolarcellsifthetreatmenttimewasappropriate.Anefficiencyof4.24%forμc-Sip-i-nsolarcellsdepositedbyVHF-PECVDwasfirstlyobtained.

简介：Anon-axisholographiczoneplateoranoff-axisholographiczoneplateusedforthesiliconsolarcellwillhaveasolarenergyconversionfactorof2.5.Andthecombinationofthetwoplateswillhaveitsconversionfacftorof5.Especiallyfortheuseofsilverhalidephotographicemulsion,thecostcanbecutdowndramatically.

简介：这篇文章讨论物理原则在在设计最小化熵率的运作的控制算法下面跑的一个热力学的工程太阳系被考虑。建议植物基于热力学和古典地建立的科学基础从遥远的来源处理化学元素并且与生热的俘获的技术的性质的理论，和实验学科。计量器原则在在熵率的控制背景的一个必要工具包含了的理论形式化被使用。介绍的工业系统被计划在一条稳固的浪费管理政策的范围以内再循环压缩物质。

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简介：Arepeatedinterdiffusionmethodisdescribedforphase-stableandhigh-quality(FA,MA)PbI_3film.Thecrystallizationandgrowthoftheperovskitefilmscanbewellcontrolledbyadjustingthereactantconcentrations.Withthismethod,dense,smoothperovskitefilmswithlargecrystalshavebeenobtained.Finally,aPCEof16.5%aswellasasteady-stateefficiencyof16.3%isachievedintheplanarperovskitesolarcell.

简介：小分子有铟听氧化物(ITO)的结构的器官的太阳能电池(振荡)/molybdenum三氧化物(MoO3)(5nm)/rubrene(nm)/fullerene(C70)(ynm)/2，9-dimethyl-4，7-diphenyl-1，10-phenanthroline(BCP)(6nm)/aluminum(艾尔)(150nm)被制作。为设备的活跃的层的厚度在细节被调查。结果证明rubrene层和C70层的最佳厚度分别地是30nm和25nm。设备的降级也被调查。，结果显示开电路的电压(Voc)不变化电线走火电流密度(Jsc)，用时间连续地填满因素(FF)和功率变换效率(PCE)减少。降级能在周围的扩散并且渗透到活跃材料并且在房间与C70反应被归因于氧，它能导致界面的系列电阻的增加。

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简介：Comparativeexperimentswithandwithoutthediurnalchangeofsolarradiationaremadeinthispaperbyuseofanair-seacoupled7-layerprimitiveequationmodelingsysteminazonaldomainbetween60°Sand60°N.Theresultsshowthatthequasi-stationarypatternsofthemeanmonsooncirculationsarenotevidentlyaffectedbythediurnalchangeofsolarradiation.Themaininfluencesmaycomefromtheland-seadistributionandtheorography.However,theinclusionofthediurnalchangeofsolarradiationintothemodelsystemmayimprovetheintensitiesofthesimulatedmonsooncirculationsbothatthehighandthelowlevels.Itcaninfluencethedistributivepatternofprecipitationtoalargerextent.Withoutthediurnalchange,precipitationintheinterioroflandwoulddecreaseandinthecoastalregionsitwouldincrease.Thechangesofthesoiltemperatureandthesoilmoisturearefairlycorrespondenttothatofprecipitation.Theareaswithincreasingprecipitationandtheareaswithdecreasingprecipitationaredistributedinthewaveform.Astotheinfluencesonthemonsoondevelopment,theresultsindicatethatthediurnalchangeofsolarradiationcanspeedupthedevelopmentofthemonsoonintheearlystage.Therefore,theinclusionofthediurnalchangeofsolarradiationcanmakethemodelequilibriumstatetoreachearlier.

简介：木材干燥能耗高的原因之一是常规蒸汽干燥的排气热损失大，能量利用率低．除湿干燥与太阳能干燥都是节能效果好的干燥方法，该文介绍了作者在这方面的研究成果，阐述了除湿机与太阳能联合干燥系统的设备组成与工作原理、技术特点与试验测试数据，最后对此类干燥技术作了一些评价和建议．

简介：全球太阳的放射(GSR)是全球精力的最直接的来源和形式，并且它的数量的计算由于本地地形学和地面的影响是高度复杂的内部防护。数字举起模型(DEM)数据作为复杂地面和复合状况的一个代表生产一系列地志的因素(例如斜坡，方面，等等)。基于1个km决定DEM数据，气象学的观察和NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据，为在在长江盆以内的崎岖地面上的GSR的计算的一个分布式的模型被开发了。贯穿的模型为崎岖地形学允许天体的太阳的放射的计算并且包括一个分布式的直接太阳的放射模型，一个分布式的弥漫的放射模特儿和分布式的地面反射放射当模特儿。用发达模型，GSR空间分发和可视化的量的模拟被承担了，与随后关于地区和地面分析的结果。分析建议那GSR大小季节地被影响，当影响的度被发现与增加高度在同时发生增加时。而且，GSR大小关于主导的本地方面展出了清楚的空间变化；与阳光充足的南部的斜坡联系的GSR价值比与遮的斜坡联系的那些显著地大。错误分析显示12.983MJm的一个吝啬的绝对错误2和3.608%的一个吝啬的相对错误，当结果基于一个地点认证过程显示22.621MJm的一个绝对错误时2和4.626%的一个相对错误。

简介：Inthispaper,wereportahigh-performanceP3HT/PCBMbulk-heterojunctionsolarcellwithapowerconversionefficiencyof4.85%fabricatedbyadjustingthepolymercrystallinityandnanoscalephaseseparationusinganultrasonicirradiationmixingapproachforthepolymer.ThegrazingincidenceX-raydiffraction,UV/Visspectroscopic,andatomicforcemicroscopicmeasurementresultsfortheP3HT/PCBMblendfilmsrevealthattheP3HT/PCBMfilmfabricatedbyultrasonicirradiationmixingoftheP3HTandPCBMsolutionsfor10minhasahigherdegreeofcrystallinity,ahigherabsorptionefficiency,andbetterphaseseparation,whichtogetheraccountforthehigherchargetransportpropertiesandphotovoltaiccellperformance.

简介：敏化染料的太阳能电池(DSC)在于有nanoparticulated半导体，sensitizers，电解质和相反的电极(CE)的几differentmaterials:photoanodes的联合。每材料为CE的主要功能是把电子转移到氧化还原作用电解质和regenerate碘化物离子的太阳能intoelectricity.The的变换执行特定的任务。GE的工作主要集中于运动表演的研究和传统的CE的稳定性改进DSC的全面效率，寻求新奇设计概念或新材料。在这评论，发展和研究不同CE材料和他们的电气化学的表演进行，并且这些问题被讨论。

简介：Aseriesofsolarradiationtestsforthepolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)bulkandfilmsampleswerecarriedoutusingQ-SUNXE-3-HSCtypeSolarRadiationSimulator,withthetestparametersasfollows:radiationintensityis1120W/m~2,temperatureis55℃andhumidityis70%RH.Surfacemorphology,compositionandmicrostructureofthePTFEsamplesbeforeandafterradiationtestswerecharacterizedcontrastively.EffectofsolarradiationonthetribologyandwettingpropertiesofPTFEwerealsostudiedbytribometerandcontactangletester,respectively.Theresultsshowthat,forradiatedPTFE,surfaceroughness,therelativecontentofCelement,thefrictioncoefficientsandthecontactanglewithwaterincreasedinvaryingdegrees.Inconclusion,theobviouschangeinPTFEsamplescanbemainlyattributedtobreakof(CFx)-CbondsafterbombardmentofhighenergyUVphotons,whichcausesthelossofF-richgroups,oxidation,crosslinkingandrestructuringofactiveunsaturatedgroups.

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简介：Thespacecraftwithmultistagesolarpanelshavenonlinearcouplingbetweenattitudesofcentralbodyandsolarpanels,especiallytherotationofcentralbodyisconsideredinspace.Thedynamicsmodelisbasedfordynamicsanalysisandcontrol,andthemultistagesolarpanelsmeansthedynamicsmodelingwillbeverycomplex.Inthisresearch,theLiegroupvariationalintegratormethodisintroduced,andthedynamicsmodelofspacecraftwithsolarpanelsthatconnectstogetherbyflexiblejointsisbuilt.Themostobviouscharacterofthismethodisthattheattitudesofcentralbodyandsolarpanelsarealldescribedbythree-dimensionalattitudematrix.Thedynamicsmodelsofspacecraftwithoneandthreesolarpanelsareestablishedandsimulated.ThestudyshowsLiegroupvariationalintegratormethodavoidsparameterscouplingandeffectivelyreducesdifficultyofmodeling.TheobtainedcontinuousdynamicsmodelbasedonLiegroupisasetofordinarydifferentialequationsandequivalentwithtraditionaldynamicsmodelthatoffersabasisforthegeometrycontrol.

简介：摘要伊拉克某中石油项目所属电站使用了美国SOLAR公司TAURUS金牛70双燃料机组3台、单燃料机组6台，单机名牌负荷为6500Kw（ISO标况下），总装机容量58.5MKw电力负荷在10000-14000kw左右。2012年初到7月份，有8台机组相继投产运行，机组运行半年后，由于燃气供气方式放生了转变，燃气组分也发生了变化，含烃含水，组分中硫化氢超标，对燃机精细调节阀的开度造成了很大的影响，致使所有燃气机组运行不同时间后，造成了掉负荷现象，以至出现停机。

简介：TheanalysisofsolarcellperformancehasbeendonebysimulatingtheexternalI-Vcharacteristicsofn^+/p/p^+singlecrystalsiliconsolarcellunderhighlightintensityand1.5airmass(AM).Thismethodallowsthemaximizationofsolarcellefficiency.Tofabricatelow-costn^+/p/p^+singlecrystalsiliconsolarcells,solidsourceofdopedphosphorousandboronwasused.