简介:Thedaily1°×1°dataoftheAviation(AVN)model,theblackbodytemperature(TBB)dataofcloudtop,andcloudimagesbygeostationarymeteorologicalsatellite(GMS)areusedtoidentifyadew-pointfrontneartheperipheryofthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH).Theresultsclearlydemonstratetheexistenceofthedew-pointfront,anditsthermodynamicanddynamicstructuralcharacteristicsareanalyzedindetail.Thedew-pointfrontisatransitionalbeltbetweenthemoistsouthwestmonsoonflowandthedryadiabaticsinkingflowneartheWPSH,manifestedbyalargehorizontalmoisturegradientinthemid-lowertroposphereandconjugatedwiththemei-yufronttoformapredominantdouble-frontstructureassociatedwithintenserainfallinthemei-yuperiod.Themei-yufrontislocatedbetween30°and35°N,verticallyextendsfromthegroundleveltotheupperlevelandshiftsnorthward.Thedew-pointfrontistothesouthofthemei-ynfrontandliesupagainsttheperipheryoftheWPSH.Generally,itislocatedbetween850hPaand500hPa.Onthedew-pointfrontside,thesouthwesterlyprevailsatthelowerlevelandthenortheasterlyattheupperlevel;thiswinddistributionisdifferentfromthatonthemei-yufrontside.Verticalascendingmotionexistsbetweenthetwofronts,andtherearedescendingmotionsonthenorthsideofthemei-yufrontandonthesouthsideofthedew-pointfront,whichformasecondarycirculation.Thedynamicsofthedoublefrontsalsohavesomeinterestingfeatures.Atthelowerlevel,positiveverticalvorticityandobviousconvergencebetweenthetwofrontsareclearlyidentified.Atthemid-lowerlevel,negativelocalchangeofthedivergence(correspondingtoincreasingconvergence)isoftenembeddedinthetwofrontsoragainstthemei-yufront.Mostcloudclustersoccurbetweenthetwofrontsandpropagatedownstreaminawave-likemanner.
简介:
简介:为评价ORYZA(V3)模型在海南岛双季稻发育期模拟的适应性,利用2005—2014年海南岛双季稻区4个站点(海口、儋州、乐东、琼海)的逐日气象数据、气象灾害资料、土壤、水稻发育期等观测资料,对模型进行调参与验证,本地化不同品种水稻发育期参数;统计双季稻各个发育期出现的气象灾害及其次数,筛选出各个发育期内出现次数较多的气象灾害。以单独的气象灾害为背景,对各个发育期的模拟与实测结果进行对比验证。结果表明:ORYZA(V3)模型对海南岛双季稻发育期的模拟精度较高,决定系数R2〉0.90,归一化均方根误差NRMSE为3.97%~9.80%;双季稻发育期内出现的气象灾害次数由多到少依次为:高温、台风、干旱;ORYZA(V3)模型对气象灾害的敏感性从大到小依次为:台风、高温、干旱。在台风背景下,仅晚稻开花期的R2为0.90,NRMSE为3.90%,其他发育期的模拟均在误差范围外;在高温背景下,早稻的R2为0.87~0.89,晚稻的R2为0.18~0.61,双季稻的NRMSE为3.49%~5.71%;在干旱背景下,R2〉0.87,NRMSE为3.11%~9.73%。评价结果在模型应用和优化方面具有一定的参考价值。