简介：In1929,AmericanastronomerHubblefirstdiscoveredthattherecessionalvelocityofagalaxyincreaseswithitsdistancefromtheearth,andthereforeputforwardHubble’slaw.ItisconsideredthefirstobservationalbasisfortheexpansionoftheuniverseandtodayservesasoneofthepiecesofevidencemostoftencitedinsupportoftheBigBangmodel.SincethentheastrophysicscommunityhasbelievedthattheuniverseisinaconstantrateofexpansionuntilSaulPermutter,BrianPaulSchmitandAdamGuyRieesdiscoveredtheacceleratingexpansionoftheuniversethroughobservationofseveraldozendistantsupernovasin1998,whothenwontheNobelPrizeinPhysics2011.Buthumanstillcannotcompletelyexplainthephenomenonthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-acceleratingrate.Thustheauthorofthispaperstudiedtheoriginandevolutionofgalaxiesagain,andrevealedthestructureofgalaxyandprovedHubble’slaw,thenrevealedthetruthabouttheexpansionoftheuniverseaswellasdarkmatteranddarkenergy.

简介：ForEl-Nabulsi’sfractionalBirkhoffsystem,Meisymmetryperturbation,thecorrespondingMei-typeadiabaticinvariantsandNoether-typeadiabaticinvariantsareinvestigatedinthispaper.Firstly,basedonEl-NabulsiBirkhofffractionalequations,MeisymmetryandthecorrespondingMeiconservedquantity,NoetherconservedquantitydeducedindirectlybyMeisymmetryarestudied.Secondly,Mei-typeexactinvariantsandNoether-typeexactinvariantsaregivenonthebasisofthedefinitionofadiabaticinvatiant.Thirdly,Meisymmetryperturbation,Mei-typeadiabaticinvariantsandNoether-typeadiabaticinvariantsforthedisturbedEl-Nabulsi’sfractionalBirkhoffsystemarestudied.Finally,twoexamples,Hojman-UrrutiaproblemforMei-typeadiabaticinvariantsandanotherfortheNoether-typeadiabaticinvariants,aregiventoillustratetheapplicationoftheresults.

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简介：Veryrecently,BelleannouncedtheirobservationofΥ(5S)!bJ!(J=0;1;2),indicatingthattheΥ(5S)!bJ!decaysalsohavelargedecaywidths,i.e.,themeasuredbranchratiosofΥ(5S)!bJ!are<3:410??3,(1:640:23+0:30??0:22)10??3,and(0:570:220:07)10??3withJ=0;1;2,respectively[1].ItshouldbenoticedthateventhoughthetreelevelcontributionstoΥ(5S)!bJ!(J=0;1;2)shouldbestronglysuppressedduetotheOkubo-Zweig-Iizuka(OZI)rule,suchlargedecaywidthsareobserved,whichagaininspiresourinterestinunderstandingsuchquantities.Inthiswork,weproposethatthecontributionfromthehadronicloopshouldbeconsideredinstudyingΥ(5S)!bJ!.

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简介：在1935，迪拉克证实在de保姆空格而是两个精力动量操作员也不他们的保守法律的物理波浪方程被给。在它在在那里的de保姆组被证明那的这篇文章是对海森堡组和组们是的这的生成器同形的一个亚群组遵守一条保守法律的精力动量操作符。

简介：Wetrytoapplyaconstituentquarkmodel(avarietychiralconstituentquarkmodel)andtheresonatinggroupapproachforthemulti-quarkproblemstocomputetheeffectivepotentialbetweentheNN-inS-wave(thequarksinthenucleonsNandN-,andthetwonucleonsrelativelyaswell,areinSwave)soastoseethepossibilityiftheremaybeatightboundstateofsixquarksasindicatedbyastrongenhancementatthresholdofpp-inJ/ψandBdecays.TheeffectivepotentialwhichweobtainintermsofthemodelandapproachshowsiftheexperimentalenhancementisreallycausedbyatightS-waveboundstateofsixquarks,thenthequantumnumberoftheboundstateisverylikelytobeI=1,JPC=0-+.

简介：Recently,bismuthsulfide(Bi2S3)hasattractedmuchattentioninthethermoelectriccommunityowingtoitsabundance,lowcost,andadvancedproperties.However,itspoorelectricaltransportpropertieshavepreventedBi2S3devicesfromrealizinghighthermoelectricperformance.Inthiswork,ourmotivationistodecreasethelargeelectricalresistivity,whichisrecognizedastheoriginofthelowZTvalueinundopedBi2S3.Wecombinedmeltingandsparkplasmasintering(SPS)inacontinuousfabricationprocesstoproduceBi2S3–xSex(x=0,0.09,0.15,0.21)andBi2S2.85–ySe0.15Cly(y=0.0015,0.0045,0.0075,0.015,0.03)samples.OurresultsshowthatSealloyingatSsitescannarrowthebandgapandactivateintrinsicelectronconduction,leadingtoahighpowerfactorof~2.0μW·cm–1·K–2atroomtemperatureinBi2S2.85S0.15,about100timeshigherthanthatofundopedBi2S3.Moreover,ourfurtherintroductionofClatomsintotheSsitesresultedinasecond-stageoptimizationofcarrierconcentrationandsimultaneouslyreducedthelatticethermalconductivity,whichcontributedtoahighZTvalueof~0.6at723KforBi2S2.835Se0.15Cl0.015.OurresultsindicatethathighthermoelectricperformancecouldberealizedinBi2S3withearth-abundantandlow-costelements.

简介：Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)基于太阳能电池被microelectronic和photonic结构(AMPS-1D)的一个维的太阳能电池模拟软件分析数字地模仿。在模拟使用的设备结构是Al/ZnO:Al/nZn(O，S)/pCZTS/Mo。工作是在ZnO1xSx缓冲区层，它将产出更高的变换效率。由改变S/(S+O)比率x，在CZTS/Zn的传导乐队偏移量(CBO)(O，S)如果比率的完整的范围被考虑，接口能从0.23eV到1.06eV。当时，0.23eV的最佳的CBO能被完成ZnO1xSx缓冲区有S/(S+O)0.6的比率。太阳能电池效率首先与增加硫内容增加然后为x突然地减少>0.6，它由我们的建议的最佳的硫内容x=到达17.55%的最高的价值0.6。我们的结果在处理ZnO1x为高效率CZTS的Sx缓冲区层免职太阳能电池。

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简介：我们学习配对的状态在一大部分在旋转起来和旋转下面费米子分别地被充满到s-和px-orbital乐队的地方，二部件的费密气体在一个各向异性的二维的光格子装载了的imbalanced。我们由于s和pxorbitals的乐队结构的相对倒置显示出那，在一样上在二费米子之间配对的系统帮助Brillouin地区站在一起，与有限center-of-mass动量为状态导致大稳定的政体，即，Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov(FFLO)状态。特别地，二费密什么时候出现，在动量空间是靠近的，嵌套的效果与空间调整稳定-FFLO阶段的一种特殊类型沿着容易掘的x方向。我们在二维的飞机以内为各种各样的方面比率在吝啬地的途径以内畴划零温度的阶段图并且计算Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless(BKT)转变温度T为不同阶段的BKT。

简介：PlanarringresonatorwaveguidesarefabricatedinthinfilmsofAs2S3chalcogenideglass,depositedonsilicaon-siliconsubstrates.WaveguidecoresaredirectlywrittenbyscanningthefocusedilluminationofafemtosecondTi:sapphirelaseratacentralwavelengthof810nm,throughatwo-photonphoto-darkeningprocess.Alargephotoinducedindexchangeof0.3–0.4refractiveindexunitsisobtained.Theradiusoftheringresonatoris1.9mm,correspondingtoatransmissionfreespectralrangeof9.1GHz.Ahighloaded（intrinsic）Qvalueof110,000（180,000）isachieved.Thethermaldependenceoftheresonatortransferfunctionischaracterized.Theresultsprovidethefirstreport,tothebestofourknowledge,ofdirectlywrittenhigh-Qringresonatorsinchalcogenideglassfilms,anddemonstratethepotentialofthissimpletechniquetowardsthefabricationofplanarlightguidecircuitsinthesematerials.

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简介：根据脉冲缩短机理分析结果和本工作提出的抑制措施，S波段RKA的高频系统采用了高阶工作模式，输入腔采用5λ／4的工作模式，采用了以3λ／4为工作模式的中间腔，采用了3λ／4为工作模式的输出腔。采用Superfish程序计算了高频系统内部的电磁场分布，并且采用了Mafia程序对三维结构的输入腔和输出腔内部的电磁场分布及多种模式特性进行了分析。实验中，调试出了有载Q值可调的输入腔，频率范围为2．83-2．93GHz、有载Q值范围为25～110；设计加工了频率可调的中间腔；设计、加工和调试了有载Q值为11的输出腔。

简介：若无限长均匀带电直导线（线电荷）与接地平板系统的电场是二维静电场,当求解区域可视为为多边形时,则可应用S-C映射法和电像法为统一模型,求解出线电荷在求解区域所激发的电势。

简介：Inthisstudy,weevaluatethevaluesoflatticethermalconductivityκLoftypeIIGeclathrate(Ge34)anddiamondphaseGecrystal(d-Ge)withtheequilibriummoleculardynamics(EMD)methodandtheSlack'sequation.ThekeyparametersoftheSlack'sequationarederivedfromthethermodynamicpropertiesobtainedfromthelatticedynamics(LD)calculations.TheempiricalTersoff'spotentialisusedinbothEMDandLDsimulations.Thethermalconductivitiesofd-Gecalculatedbybothmethodsareinaccordancewiththeexperimentalvalues.ThepredictionsoftheSlack'sequationareconsistentwiththeEMDresultsabove250KforbothGe34andd-Ge.Inatemperaturerangeof200-1000K,theκLvalueofd-GeisaboutseveraltimeslargerthanthatofGe34.

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简介：高功率微波器件发展非常迅速，产生高功率微波的机制有很多，相对论速调管放大器（RKA）是其中一种重要的高功率微波源。在RKA研究中，合理设计RKA的输出腔，可获得较好的微波输出。对RKA输出腔数值模拟计算最大的困难在于，输出腔腔体开了大耦合孔后破坏了腔体角向均匀性而使腔体变为3维结构。采用电磁场等效原理，利用格林函数积分法可以得到大耦合孔同轴输出腔高频参数的三维解析表达式。但目前用三维程序对RKA同轴输出腔的数值模拟较少。

简介：Thispublisher’snotereportscorrectionstothreeofthefiguresin[Photon.Res.4,49(2016)].