简介：Background:AlthoughTaiJiQuanhasbeenshowntorelievepainandimprovefunctionalmobilityinpeoplewithkneeosteoarthritis(OA),littleisknownaboutitspotentialbenefitsongaitcharacteristicsamongolderChinesewomenwhohaveahighprevalenceofbothradiographicandsymptomatickneeOA.ThisstudyaimstoassesstheefficacyofatailoredTaiJiQuaninterventionongaitkinematicsforolderChinesewomenwithkneeOA.Methods:Arandomizedcontrolledtrialinvolving46olderwomeninShanghai,China,withclinicallydiagnosedkneeOA.Randomized(1:1)participantsreceivedeithera60minTaiJiQuansession(n=23)3timesweeklyora60minbi-weeklyeducationalsession(n=23)for24weeks.Primaryoutcomeswerechangesingaitkinematicmeasuresfrombaselineto24weeks.SecondaryoutcomesincludedchangesinscoresontheWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversityOsteoarthritisIndex(WOMAC)andShortPhysicalPerformanceBattery(SPPB).Results:After24weekstheTaiJiQuangroupdemonstratedbetterperformanceingaitvelocity(meandifference,8.40cm/s,p=0.01),steplength(meandifference,3.52cm,p=0.004),initialcontactangle(meandifference,2.19°,p=0.01),andmaximalangle(meandifference,2.61°,p=0.003)offlexedkneesduringstancephasecomparedtothecontrolgroup.Inaddition,theTaiJiQuangroupshowedsignificantimprovementinWOMACscores(p<0.01)(meandifference,-4.22pointsinpain,p=0.002;-2.41pointsinstiffness,p<0.001;-11.04pointsinphysicalfunction,p=0.006)andSPPBscores(meandifference,1.22points,p<0.001).Conclusion:AmongolderChinesewomenwithkneeOA,atailoredTaiJiQuaninterventionimprovedgaitoutcomes.TheinterventionalsoimprovedoverallfunctionasindexedbytheWOMACandSPPB.TheseresultssupporttheuseofTaiJiQuanforolderChineseadultswithkneeOAtobothimprovetheirfunctionalmobilityandreducepainsymptomatology.

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简介：摘要： 初始进入飞行训练的飞行学员经常会产生紧张、焦虑、畏惧等心理，会在很大程度影响飞行学员对飞行技能的掌握，随着飞行经历的增加和技能的提升又会出现盲目自信、炫耀的心理状态，在训练后期即机长训练阶段在和不同的同学搭配机组时，本篇文章主要通过调查问卷对不同性格、不同阶段学生心理状态进行分类统计，进而能够让飞行教员能够更加清楚地掌握学生的心理状态，促进飞行训练的效果，提高飞行学员的飞行品质。

简介：Objective:Thissystematicreviewaimedtocriticallyanalyzetheliteraturetodeterminehowhigh-intensityintermittenttraining(HIIT)affectsrecreationalendurancerunnersintheshort-andlong-term.Methods:ElectronicdatabasesweresearchedforliteraturedatingfromJanuary2000toOctober2015.Thesearchwasconductedusingthekeywords'high-intensityintermittenttraining'or'high-intensityintervalexercise'or'intervalrunning'or'sprintintervaltraining'and'endurancerunners'or'longdistancerunners'.Asystematicapproachwasusedtoevaluatethe783articlesidentifiedforinitialreview.StudieswereincludediftheyinvestigatedHIITinrecreationalendurancerunners.ThemethodologicalqualityofthestudieswasevaluatedusingthePhysiotherapyEvidenceDatabase(PEDro)scale(forinterventionstudies)andthemodifiedDownsandBlackQualityIndex(forcross-sectionalstudies).Results:Twenty-threestudiesmettheinclusionarycriteriaforreview.Theresultsarepresentedin2parts:cross-sectional(n=15)andinterventionstudies(n=8).Inthe15cross-sectionalstudiesselected,endurancerunnersperformedatleast1HIITprotocol,andtheacuteimpactonphysiological,neuromuscular,metabolicand/orbiomechanicalvariableswasassessed.Interventionstudieslastedaminimumof4weeks,with10weeksbeingthelongestinterventionperiod,andincluded2to4HIITsessionsperweek.MostofthesestudiescombinedHIITsessionswithcontinuousrun(CR)sessions;2studies’subjectsperformedHIITexclusively.Conclusion:HIIT-basedrunningplans(2to3HIITsessionsperweek,combiningHIITandCRruns)showathleticperformanceimprovementsinendurancerunnersbyimprovingmaximaloxygenuptakeandrunningeconomyalongwithmuscularandmetabolicadaptations.Tomaximizetheadaptationstotraining,bothHIITandCRmustbepartoftrainingprogramsforendurancerunners.

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简介：BackgroundIntensive锻练为葡萄糖和为它的新陈代谢反应负责的几条生物化学的小径改变生理的需要。在他们之中是包含胰岛素，像胰岛素的生长因素(IGF-1)，和IGF有约束力的蛋白质(IGFBP)的那些。锻练的不同类型和度，以及运动员健康，可以关于为改变需要的集中和时间导致回答的一个范围。工作的想法是发现是否并且insulin/IGF轴怎么在已经训练的题目对另外的物理活动作出回应并且如果那么，是从在校园里的4星期的集中的训练的新陈代谢的control.MethodsThe效果的方面潜在地有益的改编(准备训练)胰岛素的onthelevels，在最大的进步锻练期间，一辆踏车上的测试(MPET)与在MPET期间获得的结果相比的IGF-1，和IGFBP在一个常规训练季节以后进行了17戠慩s

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简介：Purpose：Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheinfluenceofthecardiorespiratoryfitnesslevelontheresponsetohigh-intensityintervaltraining（HIIT）withanindividuallyadjustedrunningspeedofthesamerelativeintensity.Theevaluationfocusedonacutecardiorespiratoryresponse,postexercisecardiacautonomicmodulation（heartratevariability（HRV））andbiochemicalmarkersofinflammation,oxidativestress,andmuscledamage.Methods：Thirtyparticipantsweredividedinto3subgroups：welltrained,moderatelytrained,anduntrained.Alltheparticipantsperformed30minHIITcomposedof6×2minintervalexercisewithwork-to-reliefratio=1andworkintensity100%ofindividualvelocityatmaximaloxygenconsumption（VO2max）.Acutecardiorespiratoryvariables,postexerciseHRV,lactate,interleukin-6（IL-6）,totalantioxidantcapacity（TAC）,creatinekinase,andmyoglobinupto4hafterHIITweremonitored.Results：Thedifferencesinrelativelyexpressedcardiorespiratoryvariables（heartrate,VO2）duringHIITwereatmostmoderate,withthemostpronouncedbetween-groupdifferencesinabsoluteVO2values.ThedisruptionofthepostexerciseHRVwasthemostpronouncedinuntrainedindividuals,andthisdifferencepersisted1hafterHIIT.ThehighestpostexerciseIL-6andTACconcentrationsandthelowestchangesincreatinekinaseandmyoglobinwererevealedinwell-trainedindividuals.Conclusion：Thehigherfitnesslevelwasassociatedwiththelesspronouncedpostexercisecardiacautonomicchangesandtheirfasterrestoration,evenwhenthereweresimilaracutecardiorespiratoryresponses.ThesefindingsweresimultaneouslyaccompaniedbythehigherpostexerciseIL-6andTACconcentrationsandlesssignificantchangesinmuscledamagebiochemicalmarkersinwell-trainedindividuals.

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简介：摘要：当前，高职院校的教育目标是为社会培养出高素质的应用型专业人才，除了注重学生理论知识的提升，更重要的是锻炼学生动手实操能力。而科学技术的不断深入发展，使得社会及企业对于人才的要求不断提高，由此，高职院校将“1+X”证书制度作为主要人才教育方式。基于此，本文从“1+X”证书制度含义入手，并分析高职院校实施“1+X”证书制度的意义，探析“1+X”证书制度的实施现状，最后重点阐述“1+X”证书制度的培养新模式，以期提升高职院校教育质量，带动学生的竞争力的迅速提升。

简介：摘要：为了探讨呼吸肌训练对自行车运动员呼吸功能及运动能力的影响，对 10 名现役男子自行车运动员进行了四周的呼吸肌训练，并于每周进行高温高湿环境下最大摄氧量（ VO 2 max ）、每分通气量（ VE ）、呼吸频率（ RR ）和运动潮气量（ Vt ）反应有氧能力、呼吸功能的指标以及主观疲劳程度（ RPE ）和最大功率数据的采集。结果显示呼吸肌训练可以提高自行车运动员在高温高湿环境下的 VO 2 max 和最大运动功率，其中 VO 2 max 在呼吸肌训练 2 周后和 4 周后均较训练前提高了约 16.1% ，最大运动功率在呼吸肌训练 4 周后提升了 30W ，提升幅度为 11.1% ；此外呼吸肌训练可以有效提高平均每分通气量（ VE ）与运动时潮气量（ Vt ）， VE 和 Vt 在呼吸肌训练 4 周后高温高湿环境下较训练前分别升高约 19.5% 和 12.5% ，训练对高温高湿环境运动的肺通气功能有明显促进作用。建议自行车等有氧耐力性运动项目可以尝试练习呼吸肌群，从而帮助提升高温高湿环境下的有氧运动能力。