简介:NanostructuredandconventionalAl2O3-13wt%TiO2coatingsweremanufacturedbyairplasmaspray.FrictionandwearbehaviorsofcoatingswereinvestigatedatroomandelevatedtemperaturesusinganSRVweartestmachine.Thenanostructuredcoatinghas"tworegions"microstructure,whiletheconventionalcoatinghastypicallayeredmicrostructurewithobviousinterfacesamongsplats.Thecoefficientoffrictiondecreaseswithrisingoftemperaturebecauseoftheformationoftribo-layeratelevatedtemperatures.Thewearresistanceofthenanostructuredcoatingsishigherthanthatoftheconventionalcoating,andthewearthresholdofappliedloadis30Nforconventionalcoatingand40Nfornanostructurecoating.Thewearresistancedifferenceisrelatedtothe"tworegions"microstructureofnanostructurecoating,whichcouldbluntorbranchthecrackspropagation.Inourtestranges,thewearratesrisingaremoresensitivewiththeappliedwearloadrisingthanwiththetemperaturerising.
简介:Chemicalreductionmethodwasemployedtopreparenano-sizedSn2SbNialloycompositesusedasanodematerialforrechargeablelithiumionbatteries.Thisstrategywasadoptedtocombinethevirtuesofbothactive/inactiveandactive/activealloystofabricateaSn2SbNialloypowderwithtwoactivecomponentsandoneinactivecomponent.Thetwoactivecomponentscanrealizethehighcapacityfeatureofelectrodeandcanmakethevolumechangeofelectrodetakeplaceinastepwisemannerduetothedifferentlithiationpotentialsoftwoactivecomponents,leadingtoastablecyclingperformance.Sn2SbNialloyprovidesareversiblespecificcapacityover640mA·h/gwithanexcellentcyclicability.TheSn-Sb-Nialloycompositematerialshowstobeagoodcandidateanodematerialforthelithiumionbatteries.
简介:ThermodynamicmodelsofcalculatingmassactionconcentrationsforstructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionsweredevelopedbasedontheionandmoleculecoexistencetheoryat298.15K.Atransformationcoefficientisneededtocomparethecalculatedmassactionconcentrationandthereportedactivitybecausetheyareobtainedatdifferentstandardstatesandconcentrationunits.TheresultsshowthatthetransformationcoefficientsbetweenthecalculatedmassactionconcentrationsandthereportedactivitiesofthesamestructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionschangeinaverynarrowrange.ThetransformedmassactionconcentrationsofstructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2Obinarysystemareingoodagreementwiththereportedactivities.ThetransformedmassactionconcentrationsofRbClandRbNO3inRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarysolutionarealsoingoodagreementwiththereportedactivities,aRbCland3RbNOa,withdifferenttotalionicstrengthsas0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0and3.5mol/kg,respectively.AllthoseresultsmeanthedevelopedthermodynamicmodelofstrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionscanreflectstructuralcharacteristicsofRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionsandthemassactionconcentrationalsostrictlyfollowsthemassactionlaw.
简介:多层的Nb2O5部nanoporous电影被控制阳极化过程成功地在包含4的乙烯乙二醇在Nb表面上综合?vol%HF并且2?vol%H2O2电解质。nanoporous电影被地排放扫描详细描绘电子显微镜学(FESEM),传播电子显微镜学(TEM),和X光检查衍射(XRD)。Nb2O5部nanoporous电影与~的方面墙厚度有多层的形态学5?nm,有~的一条直径的不规则的毛孔25?nm,并且一段多达7.39?m,取决于阳极化时间。为多层的Nb的机制<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>2O<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>5nanoporous形成也被讨论。这些nanoporous材料能在太阳能电池,煤气的传感器,催化剂,光过滤器,和电容器的地里是很有用的。
简介:LiCoO2thinfilms,whichcanbeusedasacathodematerialinmicrobatteries,weredepositedusingradiofrequency(r.f.)magnetronsputteringsystemfromaLiCoO2targetandinanO2+Aratmosphere.ThefilmswerecharacterizedbyvariousmethodssuchasXRD,SEMandAFM.TheLiCoO2filmswereannealedinairat300,500,700and800℃respectively.Theeffectoftheannealingtemperatureonthestructure,thesurfacemorphologyandtheelectrochemicalpropertiesofthefilmswereinvestigated.TheLiCoO2thinfilmdepositedatroomtemperatureisamorphousandhassmallergrainsize.Withincreasingofannealingtemperature,thecrystallinityofthefilmsispromoted.Whentheannealingtemperatureincreasesto700℃,thefilmshaveaperfectcrystallineLiCoO2phase.TheLiCoO2thinfilmwithoutannealinghasnodischargeplateauandsmalldischargecapacity(about27μAh·cm-2μm).Thedischargecapacityincreaseswiththeincreasingofannealingtemperatureandreaches47μAh·cm-2μmforthefilmannealedwith700℃,whichalsoshowsthetypicaldischargeplateauof3.9V.ThecycleperformanceofLiCoO2thinfilmsofasgrownandannealedatdifferenttemperatureswerestudied.Inthecaseofthefilmwithoutthermaltreatment,thecapacityfadingismuchfasterthanthatofthefilmannealedatdifferenttemperature,showingabout40%capacitylossonlyafter25cycles.However,inthecaseofthefilmannealedat700℃,thecapacityreachestosteadystategraduallyandmaintainedconstantlywithcycling.After25timescycling,thedischargecapacityofthefilmannealedat700℃decreasestoabout36.9μAh·cm-2·μm,only0.8%capacitylosspercycle.
简介:ThispaperintroducesabrazingprocessbetweenAl_2O_3ceramicandInvaralloy.Al_2O_3canbebrazedwithInvareffectively.TheinterfacialstructureofAl_2O_3/Invarjointcanbeexpressedas:Invar/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)+Fe_2Ti(zoneⅠ)/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)+Fe_2Ti+NiTi+Cu_3Ti(zoneⅡ)/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)+Cu_2Ti+Al(s,s)+TiC+TiO(zoneⅢ)/Al_2O_3.Themaximumshearstrengthof139MPawasmeasuredforas-brazedAl_2O_3/Invarjointbrazedat850℃for25minor900℃for15min.
简介:InordertoimprovethehydrogenstoragepropertiesofLiBH_4-MgH_2composite,twodifferentkindsofNb-basedcatalysts,NbCandNbF_5,wereaddedtoLiBH_4-MgH_2compositebyballmilling,andtheeffectofcatalystsonhydrogenstoragepropertiesofthemodifiedLiBH_4-MgH_2systemwasinvestigated.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatLiBH_4-MgH_2compositeisatwo-stepdehydrogenationprocess,andNb-basedcompoundscanremarkablyenhanceitsdehydrogenationkinetics.Forthecompositewithoutadditionofcatalysts,thestartingdecompositiontemperatureforthefirstdehydrogenationstepisaround320℃,andthereisalongperiodofincubationtime(around220min)fortheoccurrenceoftheseconddecompositionstepevenathightemperatureof450℃.Itneedsmorethan10htocompletethedecompositionprocessandreleasearound9wt%H_2.Afteradditionof5mol%NbF_5,thestartingdecompositiontemperatureforthefirstdehydrogenationstepisaround150℃,thereisnoincubationtimefortheseconddecompositionstep,andittakesaround40mintocompletethesecondstepandreachesatotaldehydrogenationcapacityof9.5wt%.NbF_5hasbettercatalyticeffectthanNbC.Basedonthehydrogenation/dehydrogenationbehaviorsandstructuralvariation,themechanismofcatalyticeffectwasdiscussed.
简介:ScanningElectronMicroscopyStudiesofYBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)SuperconductorsShaWei(沙维)(DepartmentofCivilEngineering,TheQueen′sUniversit...