简介：

简介：有60稳固的内容的硅酮油乳剂被准备，甲基硅酮油借助于对硅酮油乳剂的微滴直径的乳化条件的emulsifier-in-oilmethod.The影响用作主要材料，包括emulsifier的数量是试验性的结果显示出的discussed.The乳化方法，乳化，使乳化的水剂量，和激动人心的速度的时间和温度，微滴size.Theoptim上的有的重要影响

简介：Parameterquantificationprincipleofthree-dimensional(3-D)fluorescentspectrumanditsrealizationtechniquearestudied.Thepotablefiberopticfluorescentmeasurerformineraloilisgiven.Threeparametersoftheexcitinglightwavelength.theeavelengthandtheintensityofthefluorescentlightexcitedbythemeasuredoilareexpressedwith3-Dcoordinatesandareprocessedsoastobesampledagainandtobecurvefitted.

简介：

简介：95g/km是规范化为要放在2020的NEDC的公司2排放的允许的数量。另外，NEDC将被更严重的开车周期代替并且将全球被统一。对那些标准作出回应，汽车的工业正在研究每块可能的地。热管理被证明了在减少燃料消费有效。冷开始是overconsumption的一个初发的原因，作为最高的效率在它的最佳的温度的引擎。在冷开始，引擎油在它的最低温度并且这样是它的更高的粘性水平。高粘性油产生更多的磨擦，它是在引擎的最重要的热损失之一。在这份报纸，热油存储被学习。GT套房模型上的数字模拟被做。模型用热油的1公升的存储体积由一台4柱体turbocharged柴油机引擎组成。周围的温度变化象不同开车周期一样被考虑。而且，热策略(多功能油池)的不同配置被建议并且评估。润滑剂温度和粘性侧面为不同配置在文章以及燃料消费积蓄被介绍，驾驶周期和周围的温度。

简介：Thebasicintentionofrealismoilpaintingistopresentascloselyaspossibletheoriginalformofeachobjectwithoutbiasorpersonalopinion,usingpictorialsimulationtechniquessuchaspoints,lines,zonesandcolors.Inordertoreproducetheobject'soriginalformortosimulateitasfaithfullyashecan,the

简介：

简介：与极化单人赛的合成的孔相比，雷达(SAR)想象，完整的测定偏振的SAR图象包含不仅几何、向后散布的特征，而且散布目标的极化特征。因此，测定偏振的SAR在海表面上为油喷洒察觉有更多的优点。作为在油喷洒察觉的关键步，特征抽取直接影响油喷洒辨别的精确性。海油喷洒的测定偏振的特征例如测定偏振的熵，平均散布角度，在完整的测定偏振的SAR图象第一被分析。并且反映在布拉格和镜子的散布信号之间的比例的新测定偏振的参数P被建议。为了为观察multipolarization的油喷洒，系统的比较和分析调查测定偏振的特征的能力，特征根据SIR-C/X-SAR和Radarsat-2获得的完整的测定偏振的SAR图象被提供。在C乐队SAR图象，油流出的实验结果表演能比在L乐队SAR想象在下面的更容易被检测对中等的风速度条件低。而且，它也发现新测定偏振的参数对散布机制的海表面敏感。并且实验结果证明新测定偏振的参数和柱脚高度在C乐队SAR图象为油喷洒察觉比另外的测定偏振的参数更好表现。

简介：

简介：Coldstrippingisthemostcommonprocessforcrudeoilsweeteninginoilfieldsparticularlyatoffshoreinstallationsbecauseofitslowpriceandrelativelyeasyoperatingconditionsincomparisonwithothersweeteningprocesses.Inthispaperthecoldstrippingprocessintraycolumnhasbeenmodeledmathematicallyinstaticanddynamicmodes,andsolvedwiththeMATLABsoftware.Thisprocesshasbeenusedintheexistingtreatmentfacilitiesofanoffshoreoilproductioncomplexforverifyingthemodelresults.WiththehelpofHYSYSsoftwaretheeffectiveparametersontheprocesshavebeendiscussedandtheoptimizedconditionsfinalizedaftersomeplantmodificationsforimprovingtheperformanceofstrippercolumnshavebeenproposed.

简介：Tothepotentialoil-spillriskcausedbyoffshorepipelinemoreattentionhasbeenpaidaftertheDalianoilspillincidentfromoil-pipelineexplosion.Sincethenanissueabouthowtopreventandcontrolthesuddenoil-spillfromtheoffshorepipelinehasbeenraised.Inthispaper,weproposedanoptimizedmodeltoanalyzethemaincauses(probability)ofspillandtheconsequencewiththefuzzycomprehensiveassessmentmodel.Consideringthecomplicatedassessmentprocessforoil-spill,theassessmentfactorsysteminvolvingthespillprobabilityandconsequencewasestablishedbasedontheoperativemanualandstatisticleakage/damagedataofoffshorepipelineinordertoestimatetheintegratedspillriskscoreautomatically.Theevaluatedfactorsofspillprobabilitycouldbegroupedintofiveaspects:corrosion,fatigue,nationaldamage,thirdparty,andoperationalfault;theconsequenceevaluatedfactorsofspillincludedhazardofoilandimpact-controllingcapability.Withsomemodificationsbasedonexperts’opinions,eachoftheevaluatedfactorsinourworkwasdevelopedwitharelativeweightandevaluationcriterion.AtestexampleforanoffshorepipelineintheBohaiwaterswasdescribedtoshowhowthemodelcanbeusedforanactualcaseinmoredetail.Byusingtheoil-spillriskassessmentmodel,itiseasytodeterminetherisklevelassociatedwiththeongoingactivityandmanagementlevelandhencetotaketheriskmitigationactionimmediately.

简介：

简介：基于性质，构造和Huatugou油的反常压力系统的分发在Qaidam回答的核心样品，很好严峻的数据，和水库液体的全面学习盆被讨论。在压力系统和烃累积之间的关联被分析相应液体特征探讨。结果证明整个的Huatugou油领域有低形成压力和低液体精力；因此，烃是难的移居，它便于形成主要水库。学习水库，在Xiayoushashan形成定位了(N21)和Shangganchaigou形成(N1)是相对浅的并且有中等的孔和低渗透。他们分别地是有0.61和0.72的一个平均形成压力系数的反常低压的水库。根据压力系数和地热的异例，N1和N21形成属于二个独立温度压力系统，和前者有稍微更高的精力。低压的分隔空间作为主要身体由远侧的工具条组成，专业版三角洲泥作为最高的边界，和岸和浅湖泥或海藻的墩作为底部边界。他们垂直地被重叠并且水平地paralleled。形成水充满Cl−离子并且能与高咸度作为CaCl2类型被分类，它显示反常低压的分隔空间处于好封上的状况并且为油和煤气的累积和保藏有益。

简介：ThispaperpresentstherheologicalbehaviourofsupercriticalCO_2(sCO_2)foamatreservoirconditionsof1500psiand80°C.DifferentcommercialsurfactantswerescreenedandutilizedinordertogenerateafairlystableCO_2foam.Mixedsurfactantsystemwasalsointroducedtogeneratestrongfoam.Foamrheologywasstudiedforsomespecificfoamqualitiesusingahighpressurehightemperature(HPHT)foamlooprheometer.Atypicalshearthinningbehaviourofthefoamwasobservedandasignificantincreaseinthefoamviscositywasnoticedwiththeincreaseoffoamqualityuntil85%.Adesiredhighapparentviscositywithcoarsetexturewasfoundat85%foamquality.Foamvisualizationabove85%showedanunstablefoamduetoextremelythinlamellawhichcollapsedandtotallydisappearedinthelooprheometer.Below5_2%,anon-homogenousandunstablefoamwasfoundhavinglowviscositywithsomeliquidaccumulationatthebottomofthecirculationloop.ThisresearchhasdemonstratedrheologyofsCO_2foamsatdifferentqualitiesatHPHTtoobtainoptimalfoamqualityregionforimmiscibleCO_2foamco-injectionprocess.

简介：

简介：Thepursuitofhighoilrecoveryratehasbeenapersistentobjectiveforoilindustry.Pseudomonassp.LP-7andBacillussp.PAH-2wereisolatedfromoil-contaminatedsurfacesoilsamplesofanoilfield.Theantimicrobialdegradationrates(ADRs)ofpolymersachievedbyLP-7andPAH-2wereevaluatedatatemperatureof35°Cinthemineralsaltmediaduringtheshakenflasktrial.TheADRsofcopolymersynthesizedbyusingasurfactantwithaconcentrationof5%couldreach8.4%forPAH-2and15.3%forLP-7.TheADRsofcopolymercouldreach10.4%forPAH-2and21.3%forLP-7,whenthepolymerconcentrationwas2g/L.AllresultsconfirmedthattheADRsofcopolymersincreasedwithanincreasingcontentofHDDE(capsaicinderivativemonomer)inthepolymer.ThecopolymersalsomanifestedexcellentantimicrobialdegradationperformanceinthepresenceofCu2+,Zn2+,andPb2+ions,respectively,whichhadgreatpotentialforapplicationsinenhancedoilrecovery.

简介：

简介：ByapplyingtwononlinearGrangercausalitytestingmethodsandrollingwindowstrat-egytoexploretherelationshipbetweenspeculativeactivitiesandcrudeoilprices,theunidirectionalGrangercausalityfromspeculativeactivitiestoreturnsofcrudeoilpricesduringthehighpricephaseisdiscovered.ItisprovedthatspeculativeactivitiesdidcontributetohighcrudeoilpricesaftertheAsianfinancialcrisisandOPEC'soutputcutin1998.TheunidirectionalGrangercausalityfromreturnsofcrudeoilpricestospeculativeactivitiesissignificantingeneral.Butafter2000,withthesharpriseincrudeoilprices,thisunidirectionalGrangercausalitybecameacomplexnonlinearrelationship,whichcannotbedetectedbyanylinearGrangercausalitytest.

简介：　　Inordertoactivelyutilizethenon-traditionalresourcesandreducethedependenceofchemicalindustryoncrudeoil,theMinistryofScienceandTechnologyhasincludedtheproject"Keytechnologyformanufactureofmassivechemicalsviaanon-oilbasedroute"inthe"NationalEleventhFive-YearScienceandTechnologySupportingPlan"andisnowcallingforapplicationforrelevantresearchprojects.……

简介：Onthebasisofthecarbonisotopiccompositionsofmethane(CH4)anditshomologuesandthedifferencesinisotopicvaluesforCH4andethane(C2H6)andthecorrelationandcompositionalchar-acteristicsofhydrocarbongases,theauthorhasproposedageneticclassificationofnaturalgasesintheoil-gaszone.Theyareclassifiedasbiogeneticandabiogeneticgasesintermsofthetypesofhydrocarbon-generatingprecursors(orparentmaterials)andtheirthermalevolutionstages.Biogeneticgasescanalsobefurtherdividedintotwoseries:biochemicalandthermochemicalgases,withthelat-terformedatdifferentevolutionstages.Gasesgeneratedfromtype-Iand-II1organicmatterarecalledoil-seriesgases,thosefromtype-III,coal-series,andthosetype-II2,mixture-typegases.Gasesgeneratedfromtwoormorethantwotypesofprecursorsarecalledmixture-sourcegases.Accordingtothosementionedabove,naturalgasesfromthemajoroil-gaspoolsintheSichuanBasinhavebeendiscriminantlyanalyzed,andtheresultsareconcordantwiththedistributionandde-velopmentofhydrocarbon-sourcerocksaswellaswiththeircharacteristics,indicatingaprospectiveapplication.