简介:Comparedtotowedstreamers,ocean-bottomseismometers(OBS)obtainbothS-wavedataandricherwavefieldinformation.Inthispaper,theinducedpolarizationmethodisusedtoconductwavefieldseparationonOBSdataobtainedfromtheShenhuareaintheSouthChinaSea.AcomparisonofthechangesinP-andS-waves,andacomprehensiveanalysisofgeologicalfactorswithinthearea,enableanalysisanddescriptionoftheoccurrenceofnaturalgashydrateinthestudyarea.ResultsshowanincreaseinP-wavevelocitywhennaturalgashydrateexistsintheformation,whereastheS-wavevelocityremainsalmostconstant,asS-wavescanonlypropagatethroughtherockskeleton.Therefore,thebottom-simulatingreflection(BSR)responseoftheP-waveisbetterthanthatoftheS-waveinthefrequencyanalysisprofile.Inawide-anglesection,therefractivewaveofthehydratelayerisevidentwhenusingP-wavecomponentsbutidentificationisdifficultwithS-wavecomponents.ThisvelocitymodelillustratesthesensitivityofPandS-wavecomponentstogashydrate.TheuseofthispolarizationmethodandresultsofanalysisprovidetechnicalandtheoreticalsupportforresearchonhydratedepositsandothergeologicalfeaturesintheShenhuarea.
简介:Thegeophysicalmodelfunction(GMF)describestherelationshipbetweenbackscatteringandseasurfacewind,sothatwindvectorscanberetrievedfrombackscatteringmeasurement.TheGMFplaysanimportantroleinoceanwindvectorretrievals,itsperformancewilldirectlyinfluencetheaccuracyoftheretrievedwindvector.Neuralnetwork(NN)approachisusedtodevelopaunifiedGMFforC-bandandKu-band(NN-GMF).EmpiricalGMFCMOD4andQSCAT-1areusedtogeneratethesimulatedtrainingdata-set,andGaussiannoiseatasignalnoiseratioof30dBisaddedtothedata-settosimulatethenoiseinthebackscatteringmeasurement.TheNN-GMFemploysradiofrequencyasanadditionalparameter,soitcanbeappliedforbothC-bandandKu-band.Analysesshowthattheσ0predictedbytheNN-GMFiscomparablewiththeσ0predictedbyCMOD4andQSCAT-1.AlsothewindvectorsretrievedfromtheNN-GMFandempiricalGMFCMOD4andQSCAT-1arecomparable,indicatingthattheNN-GMFisaseffectiveastheempiricalGMF,andhastheadvantagesoftheuniversalform.
简介:Usingstatisticallydownscaledatmosphericforcing,weperformedanumericalinvestigationtoevaluatefutureclimate’simpactonstormsurgesalongtheGulfofMexicoandU.S.eastcoast.Thefocusisontheimpactofclimaticchangesinwindpatternandsurfacepressurewhileneglectingsealevelriseandotherfactors.Weadaptedtheregionaloceanmodelsystem(ROMS)tothestudyregionwithameshgridsizeof7-10kminhorizontaland18verticallayers.Themodelwasvalidatedbyahindcastofthecoastalsealevelsinthewinterof2008.Model’srobustnesswasconfirmedbythegoodagreementbetweenmodel-simulatedandobservedsealevelsat37tidalgages.Two10-yearforecasts,onefortheIPCCPre-Industry(PI)andtheotherfortheA1FIscenario,wereconducted.Thedifferencesinmodel-simulatedsurgeheightsunderthetwoclimatescenarioswereanalyzed.Weidentifiedthreetypesofresponsesinextremesurgeheightstofutureclimate:acleardecreaseinMiddleAtlanticBight,anincreaseinthewesternGulfofMexico,andnon-significantresponsefortheremainingarea.Suchspatialpatternisalsoconsistentwithpreviousprojectionsofseasurfacewindsandoceanwaveheights.
简介:通过对TOGA—COARE期间的一组锚系仪器阵列资料的分析得出:在赤道西太平洋1°45’S,156°E。海域存在显著的半日潮频内波,它的水平波数(波长)、垂向波数、水平传播速度和垂向传播速度分别约为:3.3×10^-2km^-1(210km),-1.6×10^-3m^-1,2.0m/s,-3.8cm/s。波形向斜下方传播,亦即波能向斜上方传输。它在观测点西南方生成后,向东北方向传播,到达观测海区。流速矢量旋转谱水平随深度的变化呈马鞍形,低谷及深处的峰所在深度分别与南赤道流及赤道潜流的南边界所在深度大体一致。旋转椭圆主轴方位角随深度变化,在浅层(40m处)为北偏东30°,到深处(324m)转为东偏南14°。总体上呈东北方向,表明波来自西南方向。