简介：

简介：Sulfurtransformationin3soilsmaintainedinaclosedincubationsystemanditsavailabilitytoplantswereinvestigatedusingcarrier-free^35S-SO4^2-and^35S-labeledryegrassstraw.Forcarrier-freeNa2^35SO4treatment,78%,70%and64%of^35SappliedwerefoundinCa(H2PO4)2-extractaleSfraction,4%,5%and7%inslowlysolubleinorganicS,11%,15%and18%inC-O-S,5%,7%,and6%inC-bondedS,and5%,7%and6%inunidentifiedorganicS120daysafterincubationinblacksoil,cinnamonsoilandchestnutsoil,respectively.Mostof35Suptakebyplantscamefromextractable35SO4^2-,andlittlefromC-O-^35SandC-bonded^35S,Inthetreatmentwith35S-labeledstraw,51%,46%and36%of35SincorporatedwerefoundinCa(H2PO4)2-extractableSfraction,7%,6%and7%inslowlysolubleinorganicS,13%,15%and18%inC-O-S,8%,8%and6%inC-bondedS,and18%,25%and35%inunidentifiedorganicSattheendofincubationinabove-mentonedthreesoils,respectively.HigheravailabilityofC-O-35S,C-bonded35Sandunidentifiedorganic35Sfrom35S-labeledstrawwasobservedin35S-labeledstrawtreatmentcomparedtocarrier-freeNa2^35SO4treatment.

简介：《水土保持综合治理技术规范沟壑治理技术》中排水型沟头防护工程设计流量的计算公式存在错误，且该公式至今未修订，这从侧面反映了我国基层水土保持工作技术力量薄弱，技术文件编制质量不高，应加大基层人员业务培训力度，建立较为健全的基层水土保持监测、试验站点体系。

简介：Aerobicstaticpilecomposting(mechanicalturningevery3days)ofpigmanurewaspreparedat8m3windrowheaps.Sawdustwasusedasthebulkingagenttoprovideadditionalcarbonandtoincreasetheporosityofthesubstrate.TwotreatmentsatinitialC/Nratiosof30and15,respectively,weredesignedinthestudy.Dissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC),solubleNH4+-N,C/Nratiosinsolidandaqueousphases,E4/E6ratios,andseedgerminationindex(GI)weredeterminedtoevaluatethematurityoftheco-composts.Seedgerminationindex,abiologicalparameter,wassuggestedasoneofthemostreliablematurityindicatorsfororganiccompost.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof30reachedmaturityafter49daysofcomposting;however,thetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof15shouldrequirecompostingtimeoflongerthan63daystoobtainmaturation.Chemicalmulti-indicatorevaluationwasnecessary,andtheGImeasurementwastherecommendedapproachformaturityevaluationinthestudy.

简介：为了使基于人工模拟降雨装置的水土保持试验更可靠,采用人工降雨试验方法,通过研究QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置的降雨特性,探讨该装置在水土保持科学试验中的适用性。结果表明：1）雨滴达到终速时雨滴-色斑直径的关系为d=0.3839D0.709;2）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置有效降雨均匀度超过80%;3）在试验范围内,雨滴直径随降雨强度增大而增大,雨滴中数直径与降雨强度呈d50=0.5595I0.2805的幂函数关系,相同降雨强度条件下的雨滴直径较天然雨滴偏小20%~70%;4）降雨动能与降雨强度呈E=0.0042I-0.021的线性关系,可通过控制降雨强度实现降雨动能与天然降雨的相似性;5）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置性能稳定、可控性强,可适用于室内土壤侵蚀的研究。

简介：Thechloroformfumigation-incubationmethowasusedtomeasurthesoilmicrobialbiomassC(SMBC)andN(SMBN)in16loessialsoilssampledfromAnsai,YongshouandYanglinginShaanxiProvince.TheSMBContentsinthesoilsrangedfrom75.9to301.0μgCg^-1withanaverageof206.μgCg^-1,accountingfor1.36%-6.24%ofthetotalsoilorganicCwithanaverageof3.07%,andtheSMBNcontentsfrom0.51to68.40μgNg^-1withanaverageof29.4μgNg^-1,accountingfor0.20%-5.65%ofthetotalNinthesoilswithanaverageof3.36%.AcloserelationshipwasfoundbetweenSMBCandSMBN,andtheybothwerepositivelycorrelatedwithtotalorganicC,totalN,NaOHhydrolizableNandmineralizableN.Theseresultsconfirmedthasoilmicrobialbiomasshadacomparativeroleinnutrientcyclesofsoils.

简介：EctomycorrhizalfungusLaccariabicolorS238N,isolatedfromaforestsoilincentralFrancein1990s,hasdemonstratedunequivocallyandabilitytopromotepinegrowth.Inthepresentnurserybedexperiment,theabilityofthisectomycorrhizalfungustoincreasegrowthandPandKuptakeofDouglasFirseedlings(Zone22)wasexamined.Growthofinoculatedseedlingswasovertwice(plantheight)andthreetimes(biomass)thatofnon-inoculatedones.Similarly,boththeconcentrationsandtheamountsofPandKuptakebyseedlingsweresignificantlyincreasedbyfungalinoculation,indicatingtheimprovementofPandKnutritioninmycorrhizalseedlings.Incontrast,Al-Pinthesoilswasdecreasedobviouslybyplants,especiallybymycorrhizas,suggestingutilizationofthissoilPpoolbyplantsandmoreefficientAl-Pmobilizationbymycorrhizasthanbynomycorrhizas.Moreover,Kextractedby1mol/LHClfollowingconsecutiveextractionofH2OandCH3COONH4,whichmaynotbeplantavailable,couldbeutilizedbyfunguscoloniedroots.ThiscouldbeexplainedbythereleaseofprotonsandoxalatebyhypaewhichleadstoreplacementofinterlayerKinnonexpanded2:1claymineralsandbio-weatheringofphyllosilicates.

简介：Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.

简介：本文利用闽东南沿海遥感调查实例解析“3S”在水土流失遥感调查中的作用，并具体分析GIS与RS，GIS与GPS如何相互结合，为水土流失遥感调查服务。

简介：Theannualseriesofδ13CweremeasuredintreeringsofthreeCryptomeriafortuneidisks(CF-1,CF-2,andCF-3)collectedfromWestTianmuMountain,ZhejiangProvince,China,accordingtocross-datingtreeringages.Therewasnoobviousdecreasingtrendoftheδ13CannualtimeseriesofCF-2before1835.However,from1835to1982thethreetreeringδ13Cannualseriesexhibitedsimilardecreasingtrendsthatweresignificantly(P≤0.001)correlated.Thedistributioncharacteristicsofascatterdiagrambetweenestimatedδ13CseriesofCF-2frommodelingandtheatmosphericCO2concentrationextractedfromtheLawDomeicecorefrom1840to1978wereanalyzedandacurvilinearregressionequationforreconstructingatmosphericCO2concentrationwasestablishedwithR2=0.98.Also,atestofindependentsamplesindicatedthatbetween1685and1839thereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationusingtheδ13CseriesofCF-2hadacloserelationshipwiththeLawDomeandSipleicecores,withastandarddeviationof1.98.ThegeneralincreasingtrendofthereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationcloselyreflectedthelong-termvariationofatmosphericCO2concentrationrecordedbothbeforeandaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Between1685and1840theevaluatedatmosphericCO2concentrationwasstable,butafter1840itexhibitedarapidincrease.Givenalongerδ13Cannualtimeseriesoftreerings,itwasfeasibletorebuildarepresentativetimeseriestodescribetheatmosphericCO2concentrationforanearlierperiodandforyearsthatwerenotintheicecorerecord.

简介：为提高大凌河流域水土流失综合防治技术水平，在水土保持信息资料收集与抽样实地调查的基础上，应用RS、GPS与GIS技术，构建大凌河流域水土保持管理信息系统。该系统不仅利用了RS技术信息丰富、宏观性强等特性，还充分发挥了GIS具有的强大空间分析和管理功能。通过高效科学的管理决策过程，为水土保持监测工作的开展奠定了扎实的数据信息基础和更新方法基础，实现全流域水土保持信息资源共享及动态更新、动态管理和动态监督，从而使辽西大凌河流域水土保持管理实现了信息化、自动化、智能化和高效化。

简介：岩溶石漠化是广西脆弱生态恢复建设中面临的突出生态环境问题.以1988、1998和2008年3个时相的TM/ETM卫星数据为主要信息源,综合碳酸盐空间分布图、石漠化状况实地调查结果和历史资料,基于3S技术,构建岩溶石漠化遥感监测和分级评价模型,研究广西平果县岩溶区石漠化空间分布特征及演变规律.结果表明：1）岩溶石漠化遥感监测和分级评价模型能够反映平果县石漠化状况,基本符合实地调查结果;2）平果县岩溶石漠化主要分布在该县西南部和中部,1988-2008年,平果县总体石漠化程度经历了稍加重然后逐渐变轻的变化趋势,石漠化呈现动态、缓慢、反复、可治理等特点.建议采取先易后难、逐步改善的治理策略.研究结果可为中国西南岩溶石漠化治理和区域生态建设的宏观决策提供参考.