简介:背景:慢传输型便秘的发病机制尚不清楚。近年Cajal间质细胞(interstitialcellsofCajal,ICC)对胃肠平滑肌的起搏作用和介导神经递质的作用已被人们所认识,且在一些胃肠动力障碍性疾病中存在ICC数量和结构的异常改变。目的:探讨ICC在慢传输运动小鼠结肠组织中的改变。方法:经吗啡诱导建立结肠慢传输运动小鼠模型,采用免疫组化法观察各组小鼠结肠组织ICC的表达和分布;采用Westernblot蛋白印迹试验和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析各组小鼠结肠组织c-Kit蛋白和c-kitmRNA的表达。结果:①45天后两实验组小鼠近端结肠组织免疫组化c—kit阳性细胞较对照组显著减少(P〈0.01),实验组Ⅱ较实验组Ⅰc-kit阳性细胞减少更明显(P〈0.01);60天后停吗啡组的c-kit阳性细胞较纳洛酮阻断组和对照组显著减少(P〈0.01)。小鼠远端结肠组织c—kit阳性细胞在所有组别之间无显著差异。②45天后两实验组小鼠近端结肠组织c-Kit蛋白和c-kitmRNA的表达较对照组均显著减少(P均〈0.01);60天后停吗啡组近端结肠组织c-Kit蛋白和c-kitmRNA的表达仍较纳洛酮阻断组和对照组显著减少(P〈0.05和P〈0.01)。结论:吗啡诱导的慢传输运动小鼠近端结肠组织中ICC数量下降,c—Kit蛋白和c-kitmRNA的表达明显减少,提示近端结肠ICC减少可能是结肠慢传输运动的原因之一;停用吗啡未能逆转ICC的变化,结肠慢传输运动也无改善。纳洛酮阻断后.ICC的变化基本恢复,结肠动力改善,纳洛酮可能阻止和恢复吗啡诱导的ICC数量的变化。
简介:AIM:ToevaluatethecompletionrateanddiagnosticyieldofthePillCamSB2-exincomparisontothePillCamSB2.METHODS:Twohundredcasesusingthe8-hPillCamSB2wereretrospectivelycomparedto200casesusingthe12hPillCamSB2-exatatertiaryacademiccenter.Endoscopicallyplacedcapsuleswereexcludedfromthestudy.Demographicinformation,indicationsforcapsuleendoscopy,capsuletype,studylength,completionofexam,clinicallysignificantfindings,timestampofmostdistantfinding...
简介:AIMToinvestigatetheroleofthecomplement5a(C5a)/C5areceptor(C5aR)pathwayinthepathogenesisofacuteliverfailure(ALF)inamousemodel.METHODSBALB/cmicewererandomlyassignedtodifferentgroups,andintraperitonealinjectionsoflipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)(600mg/kgand10μg/kg)wereusedtoinduceALF.TheKaplanMeiermethodwasusedforsurvivalanalysis.Serumalanineaminotransferase(ALT)levels,atdifferenttimepointswithina1-wkperiod,weredetectedwithabiochemistryanalyzer.Pathologicalexaminationoflivertissuewasperformed36hafterALFinduction.Serumcomplement5(C5),C5a,tumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,high-mobilitygroupproteinB1(HMGB1)andsphingosine-1-phosphatelevelsweredetectedbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbantassay.Hepaticmorphologicalchangesat36hafterALFinductionwereassessedbyhematoxylinandeosinstaining.ExpressionofC5aR,sphingosinekinase1(SphK1),p38-MAPKandp-p38-MAPKinlivertissue,peripheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)andperitonealexudativemacrophages(PEMs)ofmiceorRAW264.7cellswasanalyzedbywesternblotting.C5aRmRNAlevelsweredetectedbyquantitativereal-timePCR.RESULTSActivationofC5andup-regulationofC5aRwereobservedinlivertissueandPBMCsofmicewithALF.BlockadeofC5aRwithaC5aRantagonist(C5aRaC5aRa)significantlyreducedthelevelsofserumALT,inflammatorycytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βandIL-6)andHMGB1,aswellasthelivertissuedamage,butincreasedthesurvivalrates(P<0.01forall).BlockadeofC5aRdecreasedSphK1expressioninbothlivertissueandPBMCssignificantlyat0.5hafterALFinduction.C5aRapretreatmentsignificantlydownregulatedthephosphorylationofp38-MAPKinlivertissuesofALFmiceandC5astimulatedPEMsorRAW264.7cells.Moreover,inhibitionofp38-MAPKactivitywithSB203580reducedSphK1proteinproductionsignificantlyinPEMsafterC5astimulation.CONCLUSIONTheC5a/C5aRpath