Objective:ToinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenNAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase1(NQO1)C609TpolymorphismandcoloncancerriskinfarmersfromwesternregionofInnerMongolia.Methods:Polymerasechainreaction-restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism(PCR-RFLP)wasperformedtoanalyzeNQO1C609Tpolymorphismfrom160healthycontrolsand76coloncancerpatients.Results:Amongthecoloncancerpatients,theincidenceofNQO1Tallele(53.29%)wassignificantlyhigherthanitincontrolgroup(33.75%,P<0.001).TheinpidualswithNQO1Tallelehadhigherrisk[2.239(95%CI:1.510-3.321)times]todevelopcoloncancerthaninpidualswithNQO1Callele.TheincidenceofNQO1(T/T)(34.21%)incoloncancerpatientswashigherthanthatincontrolgroup(15.62%,P<0.001).Oddsratios(OR)analysissuggestedthatNQO1(T/T)andNQO1(T/C)genotypecarriershad3.813(95%CI:1.836-7.920)timesand2.080(1.026-4.219)timesriskcomparedwithwild-typeNQO1(C/C)genecarriersindevelopingcoloncancer.InpidualswithNQO1(T/T)genotypehad2.541(95%CI:0.990-6.552)times,3.713(95%CI:1.542-8.935)times,and3.471(95%CI:1.356-8.886)timesriskthaninpidualswithNQO1(T/C)orNQO1(C/C)genotypeinwelldifferentiated,moderately-differentiated,andpoorly-differentiatedcoloncancerpatients,respectively.Conclusions:NQO1geneC609TcouldbeoneofriskfactorsofcoloncancerinfarmersfromwesternregionofInnerMongolia.