探讨剖宫产麻醉中联合应用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼的临床效果观察

(整期优先)网络出版时间:2019-06-16
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探讨剖宫产麻醉中联合应用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼的临床效果观察

张海龙

绥化市妇幼保健院 152000

  【摘要】 目的:研究剖宫产麻醉中联合应用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼的临床效果。方法:根据随机数字表方法将2016年1月-2017年2月收取的74例剖宫产麻醉产妇分组。对照组采用单纯罗哌卡因进行剖宫产麻醉,联合麻醉组采用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼进行剖宫产麻醉。就两组产妇麻醉起效时间、维持镇痛时间、新生儿出生阿氏评分、剖宫产手术时间和麻醉效果、心动过缓、低血压等并发症发生率进行比较,并比较剖宫产手术开始时两组的收缩压、舒张压及心率。结果:联合麻醉组麻醉效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合麻醉组心动过缓、低血压等并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合麻醉组产妇麻醉起效时间短于对照组,维持镇痛时间长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组新生儿出生Apgar评分、剖宫产手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合麻醉组剖宫产手术开始时两组收缩压、舒张压及心率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:剖宫产麻醉中应用联合应用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼的临床效果确切,联合用药起效快且镇痛持续时间长,术后恢复快,可维持血压心率稳定,减少生命体征波动,减少并发症发生,且对新生儿无不良影响,值得推广。    【关键词】 剖宫产麻醉; 联合应用; 罗哌卡因; 舒芬太尼; 临床效果    Objective: To study the clinical effect of ropivacaine combined with sufentanil in cesarean section anesthesia. Methods: According to the random number table method, 74 cases of cesarean section anesthesia puerpera were pided into groups from January 2016 to February 2017. The control group was anesthetized with ropivacaine only, and the combined anesthesia group was anesthetized with ropivacaine and sufentanil. The onset time of anesthesia, maintenance time of analgesia, newborn birth Albert's score, cesarean section time, anesthesia effect, bradycardia, hypotension and other complications were compared between the two groups. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at the beginning of cesarean section were compared between the two groups. Result: The anesthetic effect of combined anesthesia group was better than that of control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of bradycardia, hypotension and other complications in the combined anesthesia group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The onset time of anesthesia in the combined anesthesia group was shorter than that in the control group, and the duration of maintaining analgesia was longer than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Apgar score at birth and the time of cesarean section between the two groups (P > 0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of the combined anesthesia group were significantly lower than those of the control group at the beginning of cesarean section (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The clinical effect of ropivacaine combined with sufentanil in cesarean section anesthesia is definite. The combined use of ropivacaine and sufentanil has a quick onset and a long analgesic duration. It can maintain the stability of blood pressure and heart rate, reduce the fluctuation of vital signs, reduce complications, and has no adverse effects on newborns. It is worth promoting.

[Key words] Cesarean section anesthesia; Combined application; Ropivacaine; Sufentanil; Clinical effect

近年来,剖宫产率不断升高,而麻醉为剖宫产关键环节之一,是确保剖宫产手术顺利进行的关键。因此,需选择合适的麻醉途径和麻醉药物,最大限度规避对母体和胎儿的危害[1-3]。目前多选择腰硬联合麻醉或连续硬膜外麻醉方法。本研究根据随机数字表方法将2016年1月-2017年2月收取的74例剖宫产麻醉产妇分组,探讨了剖宫产麻醉中应用联合应用罗哌卡因于舒芬太尼的临床效果,报道如下。    1 资料与方法    1.1 一般资料    根据随机数字表方法将2016年1月-2017年2月收取的74例剖宫产麻醉产妇分组。对照组初产妇20例,经产妇17例;年龄23~34岁,平均(28.24±2.25)岁;孕周37~42周,平均(39.21±2.09)周。联合麻醉组初产妇21例,经产妇16例;年龄23~35岁,平均(28.19±2.34)岁;孕周37~42周,平均(39.68±2.12)周。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。    1.2 方法    所有产妇均给予腰硬联合麻醉,术中取侧卧位,从L2~3或L3~4椎间隙进行硬膜外穿刺。对照组采用单纯罗哌卡因(国药准字H20113381,广东嘉博制药有限公司生产)进行剖宫产麻醉,罗哌卡因浓度0.5%,剂量12 mg。联合麻醉组采用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼(国药准字H20054256,生产企业:宜昌人福药业有限责任公司)进行剖宫产麻醉。罗哌卡因浓度0.5%,剂量9 mg,舒芬太尼5 μg。所有药物在15~30 s注射完毕。    1.3 观察指标    就两组产妇麻醉起效时间、维持鎮痛时间、新生儿出生阿氏评分、剖宫产手术时间和麻醉效果、心动过缓、低血压等并发症发生率进行比较,并比较剖宫产手术开始时两组的收缩压、舒张压及心率。麻醉效果分级:优,术中无疼痛,疼痛评分为3分以内,无牵拉反射,手术顺利开展,生命体征稳定;良,术中轻度疼痛,疼痛评分为3~5分,但可耐受手术;差,达不到上述标准,疼痛评分为5分以上[4]。    1.4 统计学处理    采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据统计,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,采用字2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。    2 结果    2.1 两组产妇麻醉起效时间、维持镇痛时间、新生儿出生阿氏评分、剖宫产手术时间比较    联合麻醉组产妇麻醉起效时间短于对照组,维持镇痛时间长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组新生儿出生阿氏评分、剖宫产手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。    2.2 两组产妇麻醉效果比较    联合麻醉组麻醉效果明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。    2.3 两组产妇并发症发生率比较    联合麻醉组发生低血压1例,发生率为2.70%;对照组发生心动过缓3例,低血压3例,牵拉反射2例,发生率为21.62%。联合麻醉组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。    2.4 两组剖宫产手术开始时收缩压、舒张压及心率比较    联合麻醉组剖宫产手术开始时收缩压、舒张压及心率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。    3 讨论    剖宫产术中可产生疼痛,考虑产妇和胎儿安全性,需选择合适的麻醉方式和麻醉药物。罗哌卡因为长效酰胺类药物,其可有效抑制神经细胞钠离子通道,对离子交换发挥阻滞作用,从而将神经传导阻断,副作用小,对中枢神经和心血管具有良好保护作用[5-6]。舒芬太尼属于强镇痛作用μ受体激动剂,可通过阿片受体作用穿透血脑屏障,发挥镇痛作用,且具有起效快和镇痛作用维持时间长等特点[7-9]。采用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼进行剖宫产麻醉可发挥两种药物联合应用的优势,促进麻醉效果提高,还可通过减少罗哌卡因单一用药的量而减轻药物副作用,提高麻醉的安全性[10-13]。    对照组采用单纯罗哌卡因进行剖宫产麻醉,联合麻醉组采用罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼进行剖宫产麻醉。结果显示,联合麻醉组麻醉效果明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合麻醉组心动过缓、低血压等并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合麻醉组产妇麻醉起效时间短于对照组,维持镇痛时间长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组新生儿出生Apgar评分、剖宫产手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合麻醉组剖宫产手术开始时收缩压、舒张压及心率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

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