简介:Inexperimentalstudyofthetindioxidegassensor,insitusheetconductivitywasmeasuredwithultrahighvacuumfourpointresistivityprobe.Surfacecompositionandstoi-chiometryweredetectedusingXPS.FourseparatestructurephaseswereobtainedbyLEEDatdifferentannealingtemperature,andemissionwasobservedthroughoutthebandgapuptotheFermilevelwithUPS.Furthermore,effectsofannealingtemperatureanddosedoxygenpressureonthesurfacereconstruction,O/Snratio,sheetconductivity,variationoftheworkfunctionandbandbendinghavebeenalsoinvestigated.Theresultshelpustorevealtherelationshipsbetweentheelectronicandelectricalpropertiesofthematerialanditsnativedefectsstructure.Itises-peciallyusefultoprovideamorecompleteunderstandingofthebasicoperationmechanismsforsuchsensingmaterials.
简介:InordertoeffectivelyimitatethedynamicoperationcharacteristicsoftheHVDC(highvoltagedirectcurrent)powertransmissionsystematareal±500kVHVDCtransmissionproject,theelectro-mechanical-electromagnetictransienthybridsimulationwascarriedoutbasedonadvanceddigitalpowersystemsimulator(ADPSS).Inthesimulationanalysis,thebuilthybridmodel'sdynamicresponseoutputsunderthreedifferentfaultconditionsareconsidered,andbycomparingwiththeselectedfaultrecordingwaveforms,thevaliditiesofthesimulationwaveformsareestimatedqualitatively.ItcanbeascertainedthatthehybridsimulationmodelhastheabilitytodescribetheHVDCsystem'sdynamicchangetrendswellundersomespecialfaultconditions.