简介:CharacteristicsofR22anditsnewalternativerefrigerantR290flowingthroughadiabaticcapillarytubesareinvestigatedbasedonthehomogeneousmodel.Extensiveflowvariablesalongtubelengthsuchaspressure,temperature,viscosity,velocity,Reynoldsnumber,frictionfactorandvaporqualityetcarecomparedbetweenthetwofluidsunderthesameoperatingcondition.Twocasesareconsidered,namely,eitherthesametubelengthorthesamemassflowrateasinletcondition.TheresultsshowthatthemassflowrateinthecapillarytubeofR290is40%lowerthanthatofR22duetothedifferencesofphysicalpropertiesbetweenthetwofluids.Further,aparametricanalysisisperformedanditappearsthateffectsofgeometricandthermodynamicparametersonmassflowrateofR290areweakerthanthatofR22.Whenthecondensingtemperatureisincreasedfrom40℃to50℃,themassflowrateforR22isincreasedby16%,whiletheincreasingrateforR290is13%.
简介:长期演进(LTE)协议中规定的主同步信号和辅同步信号分别用来完成子帧同步和帧同步.基于频分双工长期演进(FDD—LTE)无线帧中主同步信号和辅同步信号的信道频响基本相等的假设,提出了一种帧同步方法.采用蒙特卡罗方法对该同步方法在不同信道模型下的帧同步成功概率进行了仿真.仿真结果表明:当采用线性最小均方差信道估计时,该方法的性能在存在载波频偏和快速傅立叶变换(FFT)窗定时偏差的实际应用环境中仍然很好,并且在低信噪比条件下保持鲁棒.通过在不同多普勒频移条件下进行仿真和分析,发现当信噪比大于0dB时,即使在高多普勒频移环境下,该方法的帧同步成功概率仍超过99%,这意味着此帧同步方法能适用于大多数移动通信环境.通过与利用辅同步信号的正交性,采用在频域把接收到的辅同步信号和本地序列进行相关操作完成帧同步的方法对比,该方法在存在载波频偏、FFT窗定时偏差和多普勒频移的移动应用环境中的帧同步成功概率具有明显优势.
简介:AhomogeneoustheoreticalmodelisdevelopedtopredicttheperformanceofR22andR290inadiabaticcapillarytubes.Themodelisbasedonconservationequationsofmass,momentumandenergy.Metastablebothliquidandtwo-phaseflowregionsareconsideredinthemodel.Inmetastabletwo-phaseregion,superheatedliquidisintroducedintothemetastablemixtureviscosityandtwomethodsarepresentedtoevaluateit.Themodelisvalidatedbycomparingthepredictedpressureandtemperatureprofileandmassflowratewithseveralinvestigators′experimentaldataofR22andoneofitsalternativesR290reportedinliterature.Allofthepredictedmassflowratesarewithin±8%ofmeasuredvalues.Comparisonsarealsomadebetweenthepresentmodelandotherinvestigators′modelsorsizingcorrelation.Themodelcanbeusedfordesignorsimulationcalculationofadiabaticcapillarytubes.
简介:当技术溢出存在吸收能力效应时,讨论了共营企业的产量和R&D决策.通过建立通用的基于成本降低的R&D模型,分析了在双寡头市场上共营企业之间关于产品产出和R&D投资水平的战略互动;探讨了产品阶段吸收能力效应对共营企业均衡产出的影响;在R&D阶段分别分析了合作和非合作R&D情况下吸收能力对R&D投资水平的影响;最后比较了共营企业和传统的利润最大化企业在产品产出和R&D战略方面的不同表现.结果表明:当存在吸收能力效应时,与利润最大化企业相同,共营企业的均衡R&D投资水平高于不存在吸收能力效应的水平;然而吸收能力对共营企业中R&D投入和对其自身(或竞争对手)产出的影响却表现出不同的效应,其结果视规模经济收益而定,这与利润最大化企业形成较大的差别.
简介:本文在结合环R中引进了模双边理想B诣(幂)零的概念和模B左(右,双边)零化子的概念。大中给出了一些有关性质以及模B幂零性的一些定理和推论。
简介:TheeffectofMnsubstitutionforpartialFeinRFe11Tionstructureandmagneticpropertiesofcompoundswasresearched.RFe7Mn4Tisamples(R=Y,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er)werepreparedbymeansofvacuumarc-meltingandsubsequentvacuumannealing.ThestructureandmagneticpropertiesofRFe7Mn4TicompoundswereinvestigatedbyX-raypowderdiffractionandmagneticmeasurements.Thefollowingconclusionswereobtained:alltheRFe7Mn4TicompoundscrystallizeintheThMn12-typestructure.Thelatticeconstantsandtheunit-cellvolumechangedwiththeincreaseofatomicnumberforR=Y,Th,Dy,Ho,andEr.ThecompensationcharactersappearfortheDyFe7Mn4TiandHoFe7Mn4Ticompounds,andthecompensationtemperatureswereabout123Kand90K,respectively.TheCurietemperature,thesaturationmagnetization,andsaturationmomentofRFe7Mn4Ticompoundsweregiven.