简介：Blanketsandotherin-vesselcomponentsareeasilydamagedowingtotheircircumstanceofhighradiationandhighheat.Toprotectthem,firstwalldesignshouldbeconsidered.Owingtoitshighheatremovalndself-refreshingcapability,liquidmetalfirstwallhasbeenseenasapotentialfirstwallforafusionreactorinthefuture.Blanketliquidcurtainisactuallyaspecialliquidmetalwalltoprotectblanket.

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简介：Heattransferinthethrustchamberisofgreatimportanceinthedesignofliquidpropellantrocketengines.Regenerativecoolingisandadvancedmethodwhichcanensurenotonlytheproperrunningbutalsohigherperformanceofarocketengine.Thetheoreticalmodeliscomplicated,itrelatestofluidbynamics,heattransfer,combustion.etc…,Inthispaper,aregenerativecoolingmodelispresented.Effectssuchasradiation,heattransfertoenvironment,variablethermalpropertiesandcokingareincludedinthemodel.Thismodelcanbeappliedtoallkindsofliquidpropellantrocketenginesaswellassimilarconstructions.Themodularizedcomputercodeiscompletedinthework.

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简介：Weproposeadepolarizerbasedontheprincipleofacollectionofhalf-waveplateswithrandomlydistributedopticaxes.Thedesignisdemonstratedbymeansofdynamicallyphotopatterningliquidcrystalintorandomlyalignedhomogeneousdomains.Wecharacterizetheliquidcrystaldepolarizerfor1550nmandC-band(1520–1610nm).Adegreeofpolarizationoflessthan5%isobtainedforanylinearlypolarizedlight.Thisstudyprovidesapracticalcandidateforhigh-performancedepolarizers.

简介：Thisworkpresentsanumericalsimulationoftheflowfieldinaliquidpropellantrocketenginechamberandexitnozzleusingtechniquestoallowtheresultstobetakenasstartingpointsfordesigningthosepropulsivesystems.ThiswasdoneusingaFiniteVolumemethodsimulatingthedifferentflowregineswhichusuallytakeplaceinthosesystems.Astheflowfieldhasregionsrangingfromthelowsubsonictothesupersonicregimes,thenumericalcodeused,initiallydevelopedforcompressibleflowsonly,wasmodifiedtoworkproficientlyinthewholevelocityrange.ItiswellknownthatcodeshavebeendevelopedinCFD,foreithercompressibleofincompressibleflows,thejointtreatmentofbothtogetherbeingcomplexeventoday,giventhesmallnumberofreferencesavailableinthisarea.Hereanexistingcodeforcompressibleflowwasusedandprimitivevariables,thepressure,theCartesiancomponentsofthevelocityandthetemperatureinsteadoftheconservedvariableswereintroducedintheEulerandNavier-Stokesequations.ThiswasdonetopermitthetreatmentatanyMachnumber.Unstructuredmesheswithadaptiverefinementswereemployedhere.Theconvectivetermsweretreatedwithupwindfirstandsecondordermethods.ThenumericalstabilitywaskeptwithartificialdissipationandinthespatialcoverageoneusedafivestageRunge-KuttaschemefortheFluidMechanicsandtheVODE(ValueofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations)schemealongwiththeChemkinIIinthechemicalreactingsolution.Duringthedevelopmentofthiscodesimulatingtheflowinarocketengine,comparisontestsweremadewithseveraldifferenttypesofinternalandexternalflows,atdifferentvelocities,seekingtoestablishtheconfidencelevelofthetechniquesbeingused.ThesecomparisonsweredonewithexistingtheoreticalresultsandwithothercodesalreadyvalidatedandwellacceptedbytheCFDcommunity.

简介：Infusionreactordesign,firstwallisonekindofplasma-facingcomponents(PFCs),whichwillbeirradiatedbyhighenergyneutronsandotherparticle,aswellasworkunderhighplasmaheatflux.Theyshouldbeconsideredcarefully.Manyexperimentsand

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简介：Thispaperreportsthedopingeffectofcholestericliquidcrystal3β-Hydroxy-5-cholestene3-oleateonpolymersolarcellscomposedofthepoly3-hexylthiopheneandthefullerenederivative.Withadopingratioof0.3wt%,thedeviceachievesanidealimprovementontheshuntresistorandthefillfactor.Comparedwiththereferencecell,thepowerconversionefficiencyofthedopedcellisimproved24%.Thephotoelectricmeasurementandtheactivelayercharacterizationindicatethattheself-assemblyliquidcrystalcanimprovethefilmcrystallizationandreducethemembranedefect.

简介：Inthelightofφ-mappingmethodandtopologicalcurrenttheory,theeffectofdisclinationlinesonthefreeenergydensityofnematicliquidcrystalsisstudied.ItispointedoutthatthetotalFrankfreeenergydensitycanbedividedintotwoparts.Oneisthedistortedenergydensityofdirectorfieldaroundthedisclinationlines.Theotheristhesaddle-splayenergydensity,whichisshowntobecentralizedatthedisclinationlinesandtobetopologicallyquantizedintheunitofkπ/2whentheJacobiandeterminantofthedirectorfielddoesnotvanishatthesingularitiesofthedirectorfield.ThetopologicalquantumnumbersaredeterminedbytheHopfindicesandBrouwerdegreesofthedirectorfieldatthedisclinationlines,i.e.,thedisclinationstrengthes.WhentheJacobiandeterminantvanishes,thegeneration,annihilation,intersection,splittingandmergingprocessesofthesaddle-splayenergydensityaredetailedintheneighborhoodsofthelimitpointsandbifurcationpoints,respectively.Itisshownthatthedisclinationlinewithhightopologicalquantumnumberisunstableandwillevolvetothelowtopologicalquantumnumberstatesthroughthesplittingprocess.

简介：Thefinalgoaloffusionenergyresearchistomakeiteconomicallycompetitiveandthecostofelectricity(COE)aslowasacceptablebytheenergymarket.Thereforethefusionplasmahastobeoperatingwithhighpowerdensityandtheplasmafacingcomponents(PFC),suchasfirstwallanddivertor,havetosustainhighsurfaceheatloadandbombardmentwithhighparticleflux.SuchrigorousenvironmentsconsequentiallyleadtoseveredamageanderosionofPFCmaterials.Asaresult,thelifetimeofPFCwouldbeshortened.

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简介：这篇论文报导了一有效；生产高度单音的驱散的CdSe量点(QD)的快速的方法，在哪个传统的trioctylphosphine氧化物(TOPO)是被石蜡液体代替溶剂；是的油的酸反应媒介。试验性的条件；QD的性质详细被学习了。产生样品与传播一致尺寸分发被证实电子显微镜学(TEM)，当时紫外力的吸收；光致发光(PL)系列清楚地显示如此的综合QD有好荧光性质。

简介：Wereportthemicrostructureevolutionofcopper(Cu)nm-sizedatomicislandsonsiliconeoilsurfacesintheambientatmosphere.Theoriginofthesenearlyfreesustainingatomicislandsisexplainedbyathree-stagegrowthmodel.Thefirststageisthenucleationandgrowthofatomicgranules.Subsequently,thecompactatomicislandsgrowbytheaggregationoftheatomicgranules.Finally,theyadheretoeachotherandformbranchedatomicislands.Duringthecharacteristicevolution,theatomicgranulesreconstructandtheaverageheightoftheatomicislandsincreasesfrom7.0±1.0nmto13.0±1.0nm.ThedetailedevolutionmechanismoftheCuatomicislandsispresented.

简介：Helixunwindinginferroelectricliquidcrystalsinducedbyanelectricfieldistheoreticallystudiedonthebasisofthecontinuumtheory.Byapplyingaweakelectricfieldtiltedtothesmecticlayers,thecontributionofthedielectricinteractionenergydensitytothetotalfreeenergydensityisincreased.Approximationmethodsareusedtocalculatethefreeenergyfordifferenttiltanglesbetweentheelectricfieldandthesmecticlayers.Theobtainedresultssuggestselectingtheoptimalnumberofpitchesinthefilmthatmatchestotheminimumofthefreeenergy.

简介：控告的表面上的波浪运动一粘滞牛顿的液体作为一个起始值的问题被解决。漏的电介质和完美的绝缘的盒子被考虑。波浪的振幅被假定小。表面充电导致的电场被显示在表面波浪上有通常使动摇的效果。中立稳定性曲线被收(G，Ne)飞机(G：重力的契约数字；Ne：电的邦德数字)。Ohnesorge数字，Taylor-Melcher数字和介电常数比率几乎没在中立稳定性曲线上有小影响。古典正常模式方法不能在小时间预言波浪行为，这被证明。

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简介：Aliquidmodifiedphotoniccrystalfiber(PCF)integratedwithanembeddeddirectionalcouplerandmulti-modeinterferometerisfabricatedbyinfiltratingthreeadjacentairholesoftheinnermostlayerwithstandard1.48refractiveindexliquids.Therefractiveindexofthefilledliquidishigherthanthatofbackgroundsilica,whichcannotonlysupportthetransmittingrodmodesbutalsothe'liquidmodifiedcore'modespropagatingbetweenthePCFcoreandtheliquidrods.Hence,thelightpropagatingintheliquidmodifiedcorecanbeefficientlycoupledintothesatellitewaveguidesunderthephase-matchingconditions,resultinginadramaticdecreaseoftheresonantwavelengthintensity.Furthermore,thereisamulti-modeinterferenceproducedbymodifiedcoremodesandrodmodes.Suchacompact(~0.91cm)deviceintegratedwithanembeddedcouplerandinterferometerisdemonstratedforhigh-sensitivitysimultaneoustemperature(~14.72nm∕℃)andstrain(~13.01pm∕με)measurement.

简介：Experimentalresultsarepresentedforsuperfluid(HeⅡ)flowthroughporousplugliquid-vaporphaseseparators.Testshavebeenperformedonsevenporousplugswithdifferentthicknessesordifferentpermeabilities.Thetemperaturewasmeasuredfrom1.5Kto1.9K.Twoflowregionswereobservedinsmallandlargepressureandtemperaturedifferencesregionsrespectively.Theexperimentaldataarecomparedwiththeoreticalpredictions.Theperformanceandapplicabilityofthebasictheoryarediscussed.Hysteresisoftheflowrateisalsoobservedanddiscussed.