简介:Objective:ActivatingKRASmutationsarethemostcommondriversinthedevelopmentofnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC).However,unsuccessoftreatmentbydirectinhibitionofKRAShasbeenproven.DeregulationofPI3KsignalingplaysanimportantroleintumorigenesisanddrugresistanceinNSCLC.TheactivityofPI3Kα-selectiveinhibitionagainstKRAS-mutatedNSCLCremainslargelyunknown.Methods:CellproliferationwasdetectedbysulforhodamineBassay.Cellcycledistributionandapoptosisweremeasuredbyflowcytometry.CellsignalingwasassessedbyWesternblotandimmunohistochemistry.RNAinterferencewasusedtodown-regulatetheexpressionofcyclinD1.HumanNSCLCxenograftswereemployedtodetecttherapeuticefficacyinvivo.Results:CYH33possessedvariableactivityagainstapanelofKRAS-mutatedNSCLCcelllines.AlthoughCYH33blockedAKTphosphorylationinalltestedcells,RbphosphorylationdecreasedinCYH33-sensitive,butnotinCYH33-resistantcells,whichwasconsistentwithG1phasearrestinsensitivecells.CombinedtreatmentwiththeCDK4/6inhibitor,PD0332991,andCYH33displayedsynergisticactivityagainsttheproliferationofbothCYH33-sensitiveandCYH33-resistantcells,whichwasaccompaniedbyenhancedG1-phasearrest.Moreover,down-regulationofcyclinD1sensitizedNSCLCcellstoCYH33.Reciprocally,CYH33abrogatedthePD0332991-inducedup-regulationofcyclinD1andphosphorylationofAKTinA549cells.Co-treatmentwiththesetwodrugsdemonstratedsynergisticactivityagainstA549andH23xenografts,withenhancedinhibitionofRbphosphorylation.Conclusions:SimultaneousinhibitionofPI3KαandCDK4/6displayedsynergisticactivityagainstKRAS-mutatedNSCLC.ThesedataprovideamechanisticrationaleforthecombinationofaPI3KαinhibitorandaCDK4/6inhibitorforthetreatmentofKRASmutatedNSCLC.
简介:Activationofthephosphoinositide3kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mammaliantargetofrapamycin(mTOR)pathwayiscommoninbreastcancer.Thereispreclinicaldatatosupportinhibitionofthepathway,andphaseⅠtoⅢtrialsinvolvinginhibitorsofthepathwayhavebeenorarebeingconductedinsolidtumorsandbreastcancer.Everolimus,anmTORinhibitor,iscurrentlyapprovedforthetreatmentofhormonereceptor(HR)-positive,humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor2(HER2)-negativebreastcancer.Inthisreview,wesummarisetheefficacyandtoxicityfindingsfromtherandomisedclinicaltrials,withsimplifiedguidelinesonthemanagementofpotentialadverseeffects.Educationofhealthcareprofessionalsandpatientsiscriticalforsafetyandcompliance.WhilethereissomeclinicalevidenceofactivityofmTORinhibitioninHR-positiveandHER2-positivebreastcancers,thebenefitsmaybemorepronouncedinselectedsubsetsratherthanintheoverallpopulation.FurtherdevelopmentofpredictivebiomarkerswillbeusefulintheselectionofpatientswhowillbenefitfrominhibitionofthePI3K/Akt/mTOR(PAM)pathway.
简介:目的优化建立一种敏感、简便、稳定地检测结肠癌患者K-Ras基因突变的方法。方法构建K-Ras基因第二外显子12、13密码子的野生型及突变型质粒,通过优化PCR及肽核酸与特异性引物的浓度关系,达到有效模板浓度低的样品K-Ras基因突变的检测。结果成功构建K-Ras基因第二外显子12、13密码子的野生型和突变型质粒。肽核酸钳制PCR条件优化包括:(1)最佳复性温度为58℃和60℃;(2)有效模板浓度为10^-6pg/μl;(3)引物浓度与肽核酸浓度的最佳比例为20∶1。在K-Ras突变型质粒与野生型质粒浓度比为1∶100时即可检测到突变。结论肽核酸钳制PCR技术较传统的测序方法更为敏感,可以应用于有效模板浓度低的样品,为结肠癌个体化治疗前相关基因检测的有效方法。
简介:Objective:Avarietyofionchannelshavebeenimplicatedinbreastcancerproliferationandmetastasis.VoltagegatedK+(Kv)channelsnotonlycauserepolarizationinexcitablecells,butarealsoinvolvedinmultiplecellularfunctionsinnon-excitablecells.InthisstudyweinvestigatedtheroleofKvchannelsinmigrationofBT474breastcancercells.Methods:Transwelltechniquewasusedtoseparatemigratorycellsfromnon-migratoryonesandthesetwogroupsofcellsweresubjecttoelectrophysiologicalexaminationsandmicrofluorimetricmeasurementsforcytosolicCa2+.CellmigrationwasexaminedintheabsenceorpresenceofKvchannelblockers.Results:Whencomparedwithnon-migratorycells,migratorycellshadmuchhigherKvcurrentdensities,butratherunexpectedly,moredepolarizedmembranepotentialandreducedCa2+influx.Reversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)analysisrevealedthepresenceofKv1.1,Kv1.3,Kv1.5,Kv2.1,Kv3.3,Kv3.4andKv4.3channels.Cellmigrationwasmarkedlyinhibitedbytetraethylammonium(TEA),adelayedrectifierKvchannelblocker,butnotby4-aminopyridine,anA-typeKvchannelblocker.Conclusions:Takentogether,ourresultsshowthatincreasedKvchannelexpressionplayedaroleinBT474cellmigration,andKvchannelscouldbeconsideredasbiomarkersorpotentialtherapeutictargetsforbreastcancermetastasis.Themechanism(s)bywhichKvchannelsenhancedmigrationappearedunrelatedtomembranehyperpolarizationandCa2+influx.
简介:Objective:Tounderstandwhetherverapamil(VER)resistancedevelopmentinthemultidrug-resistantcelllineanditsmechanism.Methods:K562/ADM/VERcellsublineresistanttoverapamilwasestablishedthroughagradualincreaseofVERconcentrationinthemedia.MTTmethodwasusedtoassayresistancetoVER,crossresistancetodipyriamole(DPM),cyclosporinA(CsA)inthecells,andHPLCandspectrofluorometertodetectintracellularaccumulationofVERorADMrespectively,aswellasS-Pimmunocytochemicaltechniquefordetectionofgenesexpression.Results:Itwereobservedthat7.9-foldincreaseinVERresistance,significantlyreducedintracellularaccumulationofVERorADMandalsodevelopacrossresistancetoDPMandCsAinK562/ADM/VERcells,comparedwithitsparentcell,K562/ADM.High-levelofp-glycoprotein(pgp),middle-levelofp53,p16,waspresentintwocelllineswithoutexpressionofGSTPI,C-myc,C-myc,C-fosandC-erbB-2.Bc1-2proteinexpressionwasfoundonlyinK562/ADMcells.Conclusion:K562/ADMcellswerecapableofbeinginducedtodevelopresistancetoVER.
简介:目的评价髓核摘除联合K-Rod动态固定治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及影像学变化。方法2009年1月至2011年11月,对39例单节段或双节段腰椎间盘突出症患者分别采用髓核摘除联合K-Rod动态固定(A组,19例)和经椎间孔椎体间融合(transforaminallumbarinterbodyfusion,TLIF)(B组,20例)治疗。两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性。手术前后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visualanaloguescale,VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestrydisabilityindex,ODI)进行比较评价,并动态观察术后责任椎间隙高度及腰椎活动度变化情况。结果A组随访时间18~32个月,平均22个月;B组随访时间18~37个月,平均23个月。末次随访两组患者腰腿痛症状明显改善。A组末次随访时VAS为1.16±0.50,ODI为(3.72±3.63)%,较术前VAS5.52±1.58及ODI(50.83±20.28)%有明显降低(P<0.001);B组末次随访时VAS为2.13±0.69,ODI为(18.61±4.07)%,较术前VAS6.50±1.21及ODI(60.56±9.92)%有明显降低(P<0.001)。A组术后手术节段ROM减小,但末次随访时已恢复至术前近60%,B组术后手术节段将为0°。两组相邻节段及腰椎总活动度维持在术前水平。A组末次随访时手术节段椎间隙高度较术前降低约10%,但术后维持在一个较稳定的水平。两组相邻椎间隙高度无明显差异。两组均未见内固定松动、物断裂等情况。结论与融合相比,K-Rod系统保留了腰椎生理曲度和固定节段的活动度,对相邻节段退变无明显影响,短期临床疗效满意,长期疗效有待进一步观察。
简介:Objective:TostudythedifferencesandsimilaritiesoftheantisensedrugswithdifferentstructuresonthebiologicalfunctionsofK562cells.Methods:Cytotoxiceffectsweremeasuredbyuseofacellviabilityassay.FlowcytometricanalysisandagarosegelelectrophoresisofDNAfragmentationwerealsoperformed.Theexpressionlevelofproteinwasassayedbyimmunofluorescenceusingfluoresceisothiocyanatelabel.Results:PNAtargetingthecodingregionoftheBcl-2messengerRNAcouldeffectivelyinhibitK562cellviability,down-regulatethesynthesisoftheBcl-2proteinandincreasecellapoptosis.By72haftertheBcl-2antisensePNAtreatment,K562cellsshowedmorereductioninthelevelofBcl-2proteincomparedwithcellstreatedwiththeantisenseODN.Aftertreatmentwith10μmol/LofBcl-2antisensePNAorantisenseODNfor72h,apoptoticratesofK562cellswere13.15±1.13and11.72±1.12,respectively.Furthermore,therewassignificantdifferenceinthepercentageofapoptoticcellsbetweenantisensePNAgroupandantisenseODNgroup.Conclusion:TheresultssuggestthatantisensePNAtargetingthecodingregionofBcl-2mRNAhasbetterantisenseeffectsthantheantisenseoligonucleotidesoninducingapoptosisofK562cells.
简介:脑胶质瘤是最常见的颅内原发性肿瘤,因多数呈浸润性生长,治疗效果不佳,寻找有效的治疗手段势在必行。目前研究表明,胶质瘤的恶性进展涉及信号转导通路的异常,这为开辟新的治疗手段提供了新思路。现已初步证实,磷酸磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟基激酶信号转导通路异常与胶质瘤的发生、发展关系最为密切,故本文着重对该通路的相关内容作简要介绍。
简介:目的将在对待matrine的K562房间上调查CGI-100-击倒的K562房间的特征和CGI-100RNA干扰(RNAi)的效果。指向CGI-100基因和与一个不同序列包含一样的核苷酸作文的一双否定控制的三oligonucleotides被设计并且化学上综合了的方法。由在K562房间的shRNA-CGI-100的CGI-100表示的抑制效率用semiquantitativeRT-PCR和点污点杂交被决定。K562房间的生长上的CGI-100RNAi的效果用MTT试金被检验,房间区别被不同途径包括流动cytometry,benzidine染色和电子显微镜测量。在CGI-100-konckdownK562细胞为48h与matrine的0.2mg/ml或hemin的30mol/L被孵化以后,GlycophorinA(GPA)(CD235a)和生长因素independence-1BmRNA(Gfi-1BmRNA)的表示层次被RT-PCR和GPA的蛋白质层次测量,CD14和CD15被流动cytometry检测。结果CGI-100RNAi的真核细胞的表示向量成功地被构造。K562/shRNA-CGI-100房间线在由shRNA-CGI-100的CGI-100基因表示的抑制效率在哪个是54%被建立。CGI-100-knockdown禁止了增长并且在K562房间导致了erythroid区别。与控制K562房间相比,K562/shRNA-CGI-100房间证明减少的吸收度价值由MTT试金,减少的enchromation,增加的heterochromation,G0/G1阶段房间的增加的百分比,S阶段房间的减少的人口,减少的PI(房间的增长索引),和benzidine积极的房间的提高的百分比检测了。而且,到matrine或hemin的K562/shRNA-CGI-100房间的敏感被提高,到matrine的这些房间的敏感对hemin比那高。与控制K562房间相比,在K562/shRNA-CGI-100房间的matrine处理导致了增长,benzidine积极的房间的提高的百分比,GPA和Gfi-1B的显然起来调整的mRNA表达式,和GPA的增加的吝啬的荧光紧张(MFI)的增加的禁止的率。没有CD14表示被检测,没有统计意义被作出对有利的裁决检测CD15。最后,在与hemin对待并�
简介:Objective:ToinvestigatetheeffectsofCAL-101,particularlywhencombinedwithbortezomib(BTZ)onmantlecelllymphoma(MCL)cells,andtoexploreitsrelativemechanisms.Methods:MTTassaywasappliedtodetecttheinhibitoryeffectsofdifferentconcentrationsofCAL-101.MCLcellsweredividedintofourgroups:controlgroup,CAL-101group,BTZgroup,andCAL-101/BTZgroup.TheexpressionofPI3K-p110σ,AKT,ERK,p-AKTandp-ERKweredetectedbyWesternblot.TheapoptosisratesofCAL-101group,BTZgroup,andcombinationgroupweredetectedbyflowcytometry.Thelocationchangesofnuclearfactorkappa-B(NF-κB)of4groupswasinvestigatedbyNF-κBKitexploring.Westernblotwasappliedtodetectthelevelsofcaspase-3andthephosphorylationofAKTindifferentgroups.Results:CAL-101dose-andtime-dependentlyinducedreductioninMCLcellviability.CAL-101combinedwithBTZenhancedthereductionincellviabilityandapoptosis.WesternblotanalysisshowedthatCAL-101significantlyblockedthePI3K/AKTandERKsignalingpathwayinMCLcells.ThecombinationtherapycontributedtotheinactivationofNF-κBandAKTinMCLcelllines.However,cleavedcaspase-3wasup-regulatedaftercombinedtreatment.Conclusion:OurstudyshowedthatPI3K/p110σisanoveltherapeutictargetinMCL,andtheunderlyingmechanismcouldbetheblockingofthePI3K/AKTandERKsignalingpathways.ThesefindingsprovidedabasisforclinicalevaluationofCAL-101andarationaleforitsapplicationincombinationtherapy,particularlywithBTZ.
简介:
简介:在染色体9p21的Ink4地点编码P15Ink4b,P14Arf,P16Ink4a,MTAP,ncRNAANRIL/p15AS和p16AS,它在干细胞自强的规定起一个重要作用。这些基因的功能的损失通过绕过在房间周期的G1和S阶段之间的检查点支持房间增长。由在开始地点(TSS)的抄写附近的CpG岛的methylation的Transcriptional沉默是在carcinogenesis的早阶段的一个经常的事件。长期的发炎是为Ink4a基因的CpG岛的methylation的一个强壮的开始者。象Polycomb那样的transcriptionalsilencers的联合有基因特定的ncRNA的组(PcG)蛋白质能epigenetically第一在H3K27,然后在H3K9包括trimethylation导致histone修正。在抄写的长期的沉默的情况中,CpG地点的methylation在目标基因的完整的CpG岛以内日益增多地开始并且传播。就算它的宿主细胞与Ink4a活跃细胞被熔化,Ink4aCpG岛的methylation地位是很稳定的。
简介:进展期胃癌大体分型由德国病理学家Borrmann[1]于1926年提出,最初版本分为4型,各型描述的形态基本上涵盖了内镜所见和手术切除标本的形态,主要根据肿瘤生长的方向、肿瘤界线是否清楚和是否弥漫性浸润等因素进行分型.Borrmann分型业已运用于上消化道钡餐和内镜检查对病变的描述,远东地区和德国使用最为普遍.该分型与组织学分型有一定相关性,即分化程度较高的乳头状或管状腺癌多为Borrmann1、2型,分化程度较低的腺癌和印戒细胞癌多为Borrmann3、4型,因此,Borrmann分型与胃癌预后也有相关性,当今仍然被广泛采用.
简介:一、概述趋化因子是一类小分子分泌型(8-14KDa)蛋白,是目前已知的最大的细胞因子家族,已发现超过50种.多数趋化因子氨基端(N端)有4个特征性的保守的半胱氨酸(Cys),相互形成二硫键.
简介:PI3K/Akt信号通路是许多细胞外因子的下游信号传导通路,在细胞生长、增殖、分化和凋亡中起到重要作用,该通路异常广泛存在于许多恶性肿瘤中,与肿瘤发生、发展密切相关。在子宫内膜癌发生发展中,PI3K/Akt信号传导通路异常起到重要的作用,通过对该通路的进一步研究,可能为子宫内膜癌的发生机制、诊断以及为临床靶向治疗提供新的思路。