简介：目的使用RNA-Seq技术分析Miif-m敲除鼠与野生鼠的血管纹转录组，研究Mitf-m基因敲除后的差异表达基因及相关改变的分子机制。方法分别取Miif-m敲除鼠（Mitfmi-△M/mi-△M；MM组）与野生鼠（Miif-m＋/＋；ww组）的血管纹进行总RNA提取；制备cDNA文库，用IlluminaHiSeq2000测序系统行高通量测序。利用软件Tophat2．2．0将cleanreads比对到参考基因组；分别用软件RSeQS-2．3．2和cufflinks来检测测序结果的均一性和基因表达水平。使用edgeR和DESeq程序筛选差异表达基因（differentialexpressedgenes，DEGs）；选择下调DEGs，用KOBAS2．O进行基因本体（geneontology，GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KyotoEncyclopediaofGenesandGenomes，KEGG）代谢途径的富集分析。结果MM组与WW组在参考基因组上mapping的cleanreads数分别为42463888和39718542，分别有88．7％和87．4％的reads是唯一映射，说明RNA-Seq结果可靠。DEGs筛查结果表明，相对于WW组，Mftf-m敲除鼠血管纹有45个DEGs，上调表达基因有7个，下调表达基因有38个。GO富集分析发现下调表达基因与黑色素的合成和代谢过程、色素沉着有关，值得关注的是与内向整流钾离子通道Kcnj10和Kcnj13相关。KEGG富集分析显示下调表达基因主要富集于黑色素生成通路。结论RNA-Seq分析拓展了Mftf-m基因调控网，为探究Mitf-m突变所致听力-色素综合征的分子机制及特异性研究Mitf不同转录子的功能奠定了基础。

简介：ObjectivesToevaluateperipheralauditorydysfunctioninseniledementiaofAlzheimer'sdisease(AD)anditsrelationshipwithcognitivedysfunction.MethodsPuretonethresholds,wordrecognitionscores(WRS),acousticimmittanceandauditorybrain-stemresponses(ABR)weretestedtoevaluatetheauditoryfunctionin43ADpatientsand50normalsubjects.ThetestreliabilityinthesesubjectswasexaminedbeforethetestresultswereevaluatedfortheircorrelationwiththeMiniMentalStateExamination(MMSE)score.ResultsTherewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinperipheralauditoryfunctionsbetweenthetwoearsinthetestedsubjectsorbetweenthetwogroupswhentheauditometricresultsoftherightearwerecompared(P>0.05).Also,therewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupswhenaudiometrictestreliability,acousticimpedanceandABRresultswerecompared(P>0.05).ConclutionsThepuretoneaudiometricthresholdandWRSinADpatientsaresimilartothoseincomparablenon-ADsenilesubjects.Peripheralauditorydysfunctionisnotrelatedtocognitivedysfunction.

简介：ThisarticlereviewstheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseaseat2-yearsfollow-upaccordingtotheguidelinesexpressedbytheAmericanAcademyofOtolaryngology-Head&NeckSurgery.DespitetheincreaseduseofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseasethereisdebateastotheireffectiveness,particularlycomparedtogentamicin.Evenso,afterjustasinglecourseofinjections,corticosteroidscanreliablyprovidecompletevertigocontrol(ClassA)at2-yearsinabout50%ofcasesasindicatedinarecentdouble-blindrandomizedcontrolledclinicaltrial(Pateletal.,2016).Buttheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidstrulyincreaseswhentreatmentisprovided'as-needed',wherebycompletevertigocontrolisestablishedinupto91%ofcases.Onthebasisofavailableliterature,thereisgoodevidencetorecommendtheuseofintratympanicsteroidtreatmentforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdisease,butpatientsmustbemonitoredfornon-response.Therationalefortreatingpatientsas-neededandthepossiblereasonsforcorticosteroidnonresponsearediscussed.

简介：Bell’spalsyisacommonlyseencranialnervediseaseandcanresultincompromisedfacialappearanceandfunctions.Itsetiology,prognosisandtreatmentarestillbeingdebated.Thispaperisareviewofrecentdevelopmentintheunderstandingofetiology,diagnosisandnon-surgicaltreatmentofBell’spalsy.

简介：ObjectiveToreportoutcomesofnonsurgicalandsurgicalmanagementofMenière’sdiseaseatBeijingTiantanHospital.MethodsPatientswithMenière’sdiseasewerecategorizedintogroupsbasedonhearingandqualityoflife.Individualizedmanagementwasprovided,includinglifestylemodification,drugtherapies,endolymphaticsacdecompressionandlabyrinthectomy.Treatmentoutcomeswereevaluatedduringupto24monthsfollowup.ResultsEightysevenpatientsunderwentlifestylemodificationanddrugtherapies.ThevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas76.9%and83.8%respectively.Sixpatientsreceivedsurgicalmanagement,includingendolymphaticsacdecompression(n=5)andlabyrinthectomy(n=1).Forthesepatients,thevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas80%and100%,respectively.ConcluIsionsManagementofMenière’sdiseasedependsonseveralfactors,i.e.severitiesofvertigoandhearingloss,qualityoflife,surgicalcontraindicationsandpatientsubjectivedesire.Thetreatmentisdrugtherapiesforthemajorityofpatients,aswellaslifestylemodification.Surgicalindicationsarerareandtheleastinvasiveproceduresshouldbeconsideredfirst.Theresultsofsurgeryaregenerallysatisfying.

简介：遗传性耳聋是危害人类健康的重大疾病之一，根据是否合并其他系统器官疾病，分为综合征性耳聋和非综合征性耳聋，而非综合征性耳聋具有很高的遗传异质性。迄今为止，常染色体显性遗传非综合征性耳聋（DFNA）已成功定位了64个位点，24个基因（HereditaryHearingLossHomepage：http：／／webhost．ua．8C．be／hhh／）。第五个常染色体显性遗传非综合征性耳聋基因DFNA5（OMIM600994）于1995年在一个高频进展性听力下降的荷兰家系中首先定位在7p15，

简介：患者陈女士，58岁，汉族，河南省人，职员。以“左耳搏动性耳鸣5年”主诉入院。患者于5年前劳累后逐渐出现左侧搏动性耳鸣，持续性，似“火车车轮声”，与心脏跳动一致，仅患者本人可闻及，改变头位对耳鸣无影响，但手指压迫左侧颈部后耳鸣可暂时消失，发病后左耳听力逐渐降低。

简介：目的探讨4～6岁听障儿童看图讲述的特点及与健听儿童的差异。方法参考听障儿童语言能力评估标准中看图讲述能力三级水平,编制4幅彩图，对44名听障儿童和14名健听儿童进行测验。结果听障儿童看图讲述的得分存在显著的年龄差异（F=4.173，P＜0.05）；听障儿童与同龄健听儿童的得分也存在显著差异（P＜0.01）。结论听障儿童看图讲述的能力与其认知发展存在密切关系；4岁听障儿童看图讲述能力落后于同龄健听儿童。

简介：目的构建人野生型Cx30与红色荧光蛋白DsRed的融合蛋白表达载体,为揭示Cx30突变患者发病机制提供实验依据。方法用PCR法扩增GJB6基因,将PCR产物与T载体连接,用双切酶酶切pEASY-GJB6与载体DsRed-N1,连接回收后的片断,构建野生型Cx30编码序列与PDsRed2表达载体,测序鉴定序列正确性。将GJB6-DsRed用脂质体转染HEK293细胞,荧光显微镜观察表达的融合蛋白。结果GJB6-DsRed在HEK293细胞中高效表达,表达主要位于细胞膜中。结论成功构建了人野生型Cx30与红色荧光蛋白DsRed的融合蛋白表达载体,为进一步研究非综合征性聋的致聋机制奠定了基础。

简介：连接蛋白(connexins,Cxs)组成缝隙连接通道,使相邻细胞离子、代谢物质和分子量小于1～1.5kDa的信使分子直接转运.缝隙连接是细胞间通讯的结构基础,对胚胎发育、形态建成、增殖分化以及细胞群的协调活动具有重要意义.

简介：目的通过本实验证明s/z比值在聋儿言语呼吸中的临床应用价值.材料:在上海市随机选取4-17岁640名健听儿童,从国内外数家康复中心随机选出共29名配戴助听器且采用腹式呼吸的聋儿接受s/z测试,以及30名接受胸式呼吸训练的配戴助听器聋儿.方法采用"实时言语矫治仪"进行测试,令受试者先发/s/音,然后发/z/音,均符合最长声时的发音要求,然后求其比值.结果s/z比值不受年龄、性别的影响,且聋儿组康复训练前后s/z比值有着显著性差异,胸式呼吸的s/z比远大于腹式呼吸组.结论s/z比值能够进一步检测出聋儿言语呼吸不协调的问题,为制定康复方案提供了有价值的参考;同时证明胸式呼吸不仅使得聋儿的言语呼吸支持不足,而且造成呼吸和发音系统的严重不协调.

简介：6年前感冒后再次出现左耳流脓,并伴有耳痛、头痛、听力下降,自服“消炎药”后症状缓解。患者李女士,75岁,汉族,山东人,以“左侧中耳炎、胆脂瘤多次手术后耳痛、流脓5月余”之主诉入院。患者自幼左耳反复流脓,滴药后可缓解,不伴明显听力下降、耳痛等。

简介：目的考察3-6岁听障儿童语言功能发展的特点。方法利用《听障儿童语言功能评估》对202例3-6岁听障儿童进行跟踪评估,分别在基线期、6个月后、12个月后进行测试;对3次评估结果进行比较,分析不同年龄组之间的差异,并将听障儿童评估分数与健听儿童参考值对比。结果听障儿童的各项语言功能随时间推移极显著提高（P=0.000〈0.01）;听障儿童年龄越大,语言功能越强,年龄组之间存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;所有年龄段听障儿童基线评估得分均低于3岁健听儿童期望值,康复12个月后,3、4岁听障儿童达到同龄健听儿童期望值,5、6岁听障儿童和同龄健听儿童仍有差距。结论听障儿童的语言功能和健听儿童存在差距,但经过康复可有较大提升,且干预年龄越小,提升速度越快。

简介：Objective:TodemonstratetheperformancebenefitoftheAutomaticSceneClassifier（SCAN）algorithmavailableintheNucleus6（CP900series）soundprocessoroverthedefaultprocessingalgorithmsofthepreviousgenerationNucleus5（CP810）andFreedomHybridTMsoundprocessors.Methods:Eighty-twocochlearimplantrecipients（40Nucleus5processorusersand42FreedomHybridprocessorusers）listenedtoandrepeatedAzBiosentencesinnoisewiththeircurrentprocessorandwiththeNucleus6processor.Results:TheSCANalgorithmwhenenabledyieldedstatisticallysignificantnon-inferiorandsuperiorperformancewhencomparedtotheNucleus5andFreedomHybridsoundprocessorsprogrammedwithASCtADRO.Conclusion:TheresultsofthesestudiesdemonstratethesuperiorperformanceandclinicalutilityoftheSCANalgorithmintheNucleus6processorovertheNucleus5andFreedomHybridprocessors.

简介：王某,女,1994年8月30日出生,自幼听力言语障碍,出生后6个月发现听力下降,对用力呼叫无反应,否认各种疾病史.剖腹产出生、个人史、家族史、母亲妊娠史均无异常.1岁2个月会走路,体格发育正常.耳科检查外耳、外耳道、鼓膜均正常.听力检查:1996年12月11日北京儿童医院检查ABR100dB(nHL)双耳无反应;1996年12月13日中国聋儿康复研究中心做ABR125dB(SPL)无反应,40HzAERP125dB有反应;行为测听检查250Hz70dB500Hz80dB1KHz85dB2KHz90dB4KHz95dB有反应,鼓声检查(+),DPOAE检查双耳正常.门诊医生进一步检查言语,对语言的理解优于表达,可听懂一些指令,初步考虑高频听力损失严重及单纯性言语发育迟缓.

简介：目的考察3～5岁听障儿童的气质特点及其影响因素，为康复训练提供参考依据。方法选取111名3～5岁听障儿童，采用3～7岁儿童气质问卷施测。结果3～5岁听障儿童在气质各维度上的表现倾向不同（P〈0．05），适应度维度得分最高，其次为趋避性、心境、注意分散度和规律性，注意力持久性和反应阂得分最低。儿童性别、主要照顾人及其受教育水平、职业、家庭结构对听障儿童气质的多个维度具有显著影响（P〈0．05），主要表现在反应强度、注意力持久性、规律性、注意分散度、活动量、心境和适应度维度；助听设备和康复时间对听障儿童气质特点影响不明显（P〉0．05）。结论3～5岁听障儿童的气质受家庭、社会环境等多方面因素影响，但在具体特征上有其独特性。

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheearlychangeofcochlearribbonsynapsesoninnerhaircellsinresponsetoaminoglycosideototoxicity.MethodsC57BL/6Jmicereceivedintraperitonealinjectionofgentamicin(100mg/kg/day),andtheapicalcoilorganofCortiwasexaminedonthe4th,7thand10thday(n=10).Litter-mateswithoutgentamicintreatmentservedascontrols(n=10).RIBEYEonthepresynapticmembraneandAMPAreceptorsonthepostsynapticmembranewerelabeledwithCtBP2orGluR2/3respectively.Threedi-mensionreconstructionwasconductedusingthe3DSMAX8.0software.ResultsTherewerenodisruptionsofouterorinnerhaircellsinallgroups.However,thenumberofribbonsynapsesoncochlearinnerhaircellsincreasedsignificantlywithin7daysaftergentamicinexposure(P<0.01),followedbyasignificantde-creaseafter7days.ConclusionDuringtheearlystageofaminoglycosideototoxicity,increasedpopulationofcochlearribbonsynapsesmayindicateasignificantdown-regulationofsynapticfunction.

简介：国家卫生部批准的国家级继续教育项目【2009-07-01—018（国）】耳显微及耳神经外科高级研修班将于2009年10月15日-19日在成都举行，由解放军总医院、北京同仁医院、北京协和医院、北医三院、北大人民医院、海军总医院、华中科技大学附属协和医院、上海复旦大学五官科医院、上海交大附属新华医院、上海交通大学附属上海第六人民医院、

简介：ObjectiveTostudycharacteristicsofhearinglossafterexposuretomoderatenoiseexposureinC57BL/6Jmice.MethodsMaleC57BL/6Jmicewithnormalhearingatageof5-6weekswerechosenforthisstudy.Themicewererandomlyselectedtobestudiedimmediatelyafterexposure(GroupP0),or1day(GroupP1),3days(GroupP3),7days(GroupP7)or14days(P14)afterexposure.Theirbeforeexposureconditionservedasthenormalcontrol.Allmicewereexposedtoabroad-bandwhitenoiseat100dBSPLfor2hours,ABRthresholdswereusedtoestimatehearingstatusateachtimepoint.ResultsABRthresholdelevationwasseenateverytestedfrequencyatP0(P<0.01).Elevationathigh-frequencies(16kHzand32kHz)wasgreaterthanatlowerfrequencies(4kHzand8kHz,P<0.05).FromP1toP14,ABRthresholdscontinuouslyimproved,andtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenP14andbeforeexposure(P>0.05).ConclusionThereisafrequencyspecificresponseto100dBSPLbroad-bandwhitenoiseinC57BL/6Jmice,withthehigh-frequencybeingmoresusceptible.HearinglossinducedbymoderatenoiseexposureappearsreversibleinC57BL/6Jmice.

简介：ObjectiveChronictinnitusisahighlyprevalentconditionandhasbeenhypothesizedtoresultfromaninnatedisturbanceincentralnervousserotonergictransmission.Giventhefrequentcomorbiditywithmajordepressionandanxiety,wearguethatcandidategenesforthesedisordersarelikelytooverlap.Thepresentstudyaddressesthegeneencodingforthe5-HT1Areceptorasaputativeriskfactorfortinnitus.MethodsIn88subjectswithadiagnosisofchronicsubjectivetinnituswhounderwentadetailedneurootologicalexamination,theentire5-HT1AgenewasamplifiedusingoverlappingPCRproducts.Ampliconswerecustomsequencedbidirectionallyandwerescreenedforvariantsinmultiplealignmentsagainstthehumangenomereference.ResultsWeidentifiedasynonymousC>Texchangeatresidue184(Pro)in7/88subjects,butdetectednomissensevariantsinthepopulationunderstudy.Specifically,thefollowingresidueswerefullyconserved:16(Pro),22(Gly),28(Ile),98(Val),220(Arg),267(Val),273(Gly),and418(Asn).DiscussionThepresentdatacountagainstthecausationofchronictinnitusbyachangeinthe5-HT1Areceptor'saminoacidsequence.However,theallelefrequencyforthe184Prominorallele(0.04)reachedtwicethefrequencyreportedincontrolcohortsfromthesameethnicity.Additionalinvestigationsareinvitedtoclarifytheroleofthe5-HT1Apolymorphisminlargersamples,andtocontrolforcomorbidaffectivedisorders.