简介：Cisplatindamagescochlearhaircellsandspiralganglionneuronsthroughcelldeathsignalingpathwaysthatarenotfullyunderstood.Weusedfocusedapoptosisgenemicroarraystostudyearlychangesingeneexpres-sionincochlearculturesfromP3neonatalratstreatedwithcisplatin(0.2mM).After12hoursofcisplatintreat-ment,morethan50%ofthe96genesonthearrayshowedasignificantdecreaseinexpression,consistentwithwidespreadcelldeath.However,after3hoursofcisplatintreatment,10genesshowedsignificantincreaseinex-pressionintotalcochleartissue.Inexperimentswithsubsetsofcochleartissues,at3h,cisplatininducedincreasedexpressionof12genesinthecochlearsensoryepithelium(basilarmembrane)and11genesinthespiralganglion(tissueofRosenthal'scanal,containingthespiralganglion).Theseincludedpro-andanti-apoptoticgenesin-volvedinthep53signalingpathway,TNFreceptorfamily,NF-kappaBpathway,deathdomainfamily,deatheffec-tordomainfamily,Bcl-2family,CARDfamily,TRAFfamily,andGTPsignaltransduction.Althoughthechangesingeneexpressionshowedanoverlapbetweenbasilarmembraneandspiralganglion,otherchanges,whichmayreflecttheuniqueresponseofeachtissue,werealsoobserved.Pifithrin-αblockedcisplatin-inducedup-regulationofgenesinthep53signalingpathwaywhenassayedbybothsuperarrayandrealtimePCR.Thedataaddtoourunderstandingoftheinvolvementofp53incisplatin-inducedototoxicityandotoprotection,conferredbythep53inhibitorPifithrin-α.

简介：NuclearfactorkappaB(NF-κB)isoneofthebest-characterizedtranscriptionfactorsplayingimportantrolesinmanycellularresponsestoalargevarietyofstimuli,includinginflammatorycytokines,phorbolesters,growthfactors,andbacterialandviralproducts.TheaimofthisstudyistodemonstrateNF-κBexpressioninthemousecochleaanditsenhancementinresponsetolipopolysaccharides(LPS)andkanamycin(KA)treatment.MethodsKAtreatmentconsistedofsubcutaneousKAinjectionsat700mg/kgtwiceadaywithaneight-hourintervalbetweenthetwoinjectionsfor3or7days.ForanimalsintheLPStreatmentgroup,asingledoseof0.3mgLPSdissolvedin0.2mlsterilesalinewereinjectedintobothbullaethroughthetympanicmembraneandkepttherefor3hours.Animalsinthecontrolgroupreceivedsubcutaneoussalineinjectionfor7days.Followingimmmunohistochemichalprocessingwithrabbitpolyclonalanti-NF-κBp65antibodies,cryosectionsofthecochleawereexaminedforexpressionofNF-κBp65invariousstructuresinthecochlea.ResultsNF-κBp65expression,identifiedbypresenceofbrownreactionproductscharacteristicofDABimmunohistochemistry,wasvisibleinthespiralligament,spiralprominence,tectorialmembrane(TM),spiralganglionandnervefibers.RelativelyweakNF-κBp65expressionwasalsovisualizedintheorganofCorti.WithintheorganofCorti,theinnerhaircells(IHC),outerhaircells(OHC),innerpillarcells(IP),outerpillarcells(OP),Deiter'scells(DC),andBoettcher'scellsexhibitedstrongerstainingthantheinnersulcuscells,Hensen'scells(HC)andClaudius'cells.NoNF-κBp65expressionwasseeninthenucleusoftheIHCandOHC.NF-κBp65expressionwasincreasedinanimalsexposedtoLPSorKA,demonstratingsignificantdifferencesinthestainingbetweencontrolanimalsandLPS/KA-treatedanimals.NF-κBp65expressionwasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenLPStreatedandKAtreatedanimalsorbetween3and7daysinKA-treatedanimals.Conclusio

简介：2015年3月3日是第16次全国“爱耳日”。为唤起全社会对非职业性噪声，特别是娱乐性噪声的重视，根据世界卫生组织建议，中国残联等15个中央部委共同将第16次全国“爱耳日”宣传教育活动的主题确定为：“安全用耳，保护听力”。

简介：耳廓假性囊肿多见于男性青壮年，发病原因未明．可能与机械性刺激和变态反应有关。治疗方法很多．如抽尽囊液加压包扎、穿刺抽液加注射药物、抽液后石膏固定等．但均存在易复发的问题。自2004年起。我们对上述方法治疗后复发及初次发病的16例患者采取切除囊肿前壁软骨手术治疗，取得满意疗效，现报告如下。

简介：摘要目的研究慢性特发性荨麻疹患者外周血单个核细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-4水平检测及意义。方法选择我院2014年5月至2015年5月接收的慢性特发性荨麻疹患者41例作为研究对象，设为观察组，选择同期健康体检者40例作为对照组，对两组的IFN-γ和IL-4水平进行比较分析。结果观察组患者的IFN-γ水平比对照组降低，两组数据差异显著，有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组患者的IL-4水平比对照组高，两组数据差异显著，有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论慢性特发性荨麻疹患者血清中的IFN-γ水平降低，IL-4水平升高，表明IFN-γ和IL-4参与慢性荨麻疹的发病过程。

简介：20040635　　光学记录蜗核和前庭核核团神经元电活动/杨仕明…//听力学及言语疾病杂志-2003,11(4)-272～274　　目的:在神经细胞群的水平上研究脑干蜗核(CN)和前庭核(VN)神经元电活动。方法:自新生小鼠(1～5天)制备离体脑干切片,用吸光性电压敏感染料RH155染色20分钟。采用光学记录膜电位(opticalrecordingmembranepotential)技术,观察电刺激位听神经(第8颅神经,nVIII)后脑干CN和VN的神经电活动。结果:①电刺激nVIII断端后光学记录显示兴奋传导至CN和VN核团(n=40);②CN和VN神经兴奋有激发延迟(onsetlatency)和高峰延迟(peaklatency);③所记录的光学信号具有光吸收波长特性,表明光学记录的可靠性;④光学信号包括峰样快反应信号(spikelikefastsignal)和持续较长时间的慢反应信号(slowsignal);⑤连续刺激nⅧ后发现慢反应信号大小递减,为突触疲劳(synapticfatigue)现象。结论:...

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简介：890732冷温试验蝶形图记录和分析法/吴展元…∥临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志.-1988,2(3).-186～171介绍冷温试验的Claussen图和Freyss图记录法,比较了它们的特点。Claosen图标出了前庭反应的正常范围,便于确定反应亢进、正常或低下,

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简介：Objective:Todeterminewhetheranew-bornchildfromafamilycarryingadeafnessgeneneedscochlearimplantationtoavoiddysphoniabyscreeningandsequencingadeafness-relatedgene.Results:BothscreeningandsequencingresultsconfirmedthatthenewbornchildhadanormalGJB2genedespitethefactthatshehasabrothersufferingfromhearinglosstriggeredbyanallelicGJB2c.176del16mutation.WeclonedtheGJB2genesderivedfromtheirrespectivebloodgenomicDNAintoGFPfusedplasmidsandtransfectedthoseplasmidsintothe293Tcelllinetotestforgenefunction.WhilethemutatedGJB2gene(GJB2c.176del16)ofherdeafbrotherwasfoundtobeunabletoformthegapjunctionstructurebetweentwoadjacentcells,thebabygirl’sGJB2generanintonosuchproblems.Conclusion:ThescreeningandsequencingaswellastheGJB2genefunctiontestsinvariablyshowedresultsconsistentwiththeABRtestedhearingphenotype,whichmeansthatthechild,withanormalwildtypeGJB2gene,doesnotneedearlyinterventiontopreventherfromdevelopinghearinglossanddysphoniaatalaterstageinlife.

简介：目的进一步探讨bFGF-Math1基因在前庭上皮细胞系(UEC-4)细胞中的表达及生物学作用.方法利用阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000介导bFGF-Math1基因真核表达质粒(pCI-bFGF-Math1)转染UEC-4细胞,利用RT-PCR技术检测基因在细胞中的表达,并利用免疫组织化学方法观察细胞的分化及特异性抗体的表达.结果脂质体介导的基因可在细胞内获得良好的表达,转染后24h,相差显微镜下观察细胞形态发生变化,免疫组织化学显示转染后细胞可以表达毛细胞特异性蛋白Myosin7a.结论bFGF-Math1基因有良好的生物学特性,可以有效地诱导支持细胞向毛细胞样细胞转变.

简介：ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.

简介：干细胞治疗耳聋是近些年耳科的研究热点之一,本文通过对干细胞耳聋治疗相关的文献进行综述,从干细胞用于内耳结构的替代或修复的基础、干细胞植入的方式、干细胞移植安全性方面,对干细胞治疗耳聋的可行性进行论述,认为干细胞的内耳移植治疗已具备一定的基础,在移植前需对细胞的分化进行更精准的控制,并且可以与传统的治疗方式（如人工耳蜗植入术）结合使用。

简介：Background:Currently,thereisasignificantlackofdataconcerninglong-termoutcomesfollowingpaediatriccochlearimplantationintermsofqualityoflife.Thereisaneedforalong-term,prospectivestudyinthisregard.Thisstudyaimsathighlightingthepreliminaryresults,oneyearpostsurgeryofafiveyearprospectivestudy.Methods:TheCochlearTMPaediatricImplantedRecipientObservationalStudy（P-IROS）isaprospective,patientoutcomesregistryforroutinelyimplantedchildren.Thestudycollectsdatausingquestionnairespost-surgeryandatregularintervalsuptofiveyears.Results:AtourCentre,159cochlearimplantsurgeryprocedureswerecarriedoutbetweenJanuary2014andDecember2014.CategoryofAuditoryPerformanceIIscoreincreasedfrom‘0’to‘3’atsixmonthsandto‘5’at12monthsforchildrenaged0—3years,althoughthiswasnotstatisticallysignificant.However,thesametrendwasstatisticallysignificantfortheage3—6yearandage6—10yearbrackets.Thequalityoflifeofthechildimprovedsignificantly.Analysisofcommunicationmoderevealedastatisticallysignificantoverallshifttotheauditory-oralmodefromtotalcommunication.Conclusion:Cochlearimplantationisalife-changingintervention.Theevidenceinsupportofwhatitcanachievesafelyisclear.However,thecostsassociatedwithitraisethequestionifitwillremainaneffectiveoptionforlifeinallchildren.TheCochlearP-IROSisanattempttoanswerthesameoverafiveyearperiod.OurstudyinNewDelhi,sofarconcludesthatcochlearimplantationinapopulationwithlimitedaccesstofundsisveryeffective,oneyearaftersurgery.

简介：目的通过观察耳蜗基底膜毛细胞凋亡相关因子caspase-3、caspase-8和caspase-9表达的变化，揭示老年大鼠耳蜗毛细胞凋亡的信号通路。方法人选Fischer344大鼠27只．青年组12只，3-4月龄；老年组15只，20～27月龄。3种半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶荧光标记青年大鼠耳蜗各8个，老年大鼠耳蜗各10个。应用电位反应测听仪检测不同频率短纯音（5、10、20和d0kHz）诱发的青年和老年大鼠双侧听性脑干诱发电位反应阈值（ABR）。听觉功能测试后，用微量注射器分别将新鲜配制的3种半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶荧光染色液缓慢注入动物内耳，耳蜗内灌注后1h，动物断头处死。采用细胞核DNA荧光染料碘化丙锭（PI）染色耳蜗基底膜细胞，荧光显微镜下观察不同月龄大鼠耳蜗基底膜毛细胞3种半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶荧光染色的变化。结果老年大鼠的不同频率听性脑干反应阈值均高于青年对照组（P〈0．05）。青年大鼠耳蜗毛细胞核周围未见3种半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶阳性荧光标记物，老年大鼠耳蜗基底膜以核固缩为特征的凋亡外毛细胞核周围存在caspases-3和caspases-9绿色荧光标记物，未见caspases-8标记物。以核肿胀为特征的坏死外毛细胞核周围未见3种半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶阳性荧光标记物。结论老年大鼠耳蜗毛细胞凋亡可能通过caspases-9相关的线粒体信号转导通路而不是easpases～8相关的死亡受体通路启动完成。

简介：《喉科手术学》2000年出版，2002年第2次印刷。近十年间随着医学技术飞跃发展，喉科手术也在不断更新及创新。为了适应新的形式，人民卫生出版社于2007年出版了《喉科手术学》第2版。此版主要围绕有关保留、改菩喉功能的理论，特别是新发展的手术为主要增修内容，增加了与保留和改善喉功能研究发展相关的喉及喉咽的解剖及生理：增补了保留或改善喉功能的手术、喉显微手术、喉咽癌激光手术、喉返神经单、双侧麻痹及喉手术后喉功能不良新发展的喉功能整复术、喉误吸手术、喉蹼切除术、喉肉芽肿切除术、杓状软骨脱位、骨折和固定的整复术：补充了喉气管狭窄，喉、喉咽和颈食管癌等新的手术方法；充实了甲状腺肿瘤手术，颈淋巴结清扫术内容，