简介:非常规天然气(致密气、煤层气和页岩气)已经成为日益重要的能源类型。这类气藏的低渗透率非常低,其经济开采取决于甜点区的识别。目前,这类气藏常用的开采技术大都极大地依赖储层的可压裂性。含气页岩储层内存在脆性比较好且渗透率比较高的层带是页岩气开发取得成功的一个前提条件。这类脆性带与泥岩内石英和/或碳酸盐矿物含量比较高有直接关系。在粘土矿物含量比较高的泥岩中,石英矿物可能会因海底动物(infaunalorganisms)的掘穴活动而富集和重新分布。页岩储层中物性较好的带,可能是由石英颗粒选择性富集形成的粉沙质和砂质弯曲条带(tortuousstrips),这些石英颗粒构成了潜穴晕环(burrowhalos)。颗粒选择性(Grain—selective)潜穴可以改善储层的储集能力、渗透率和可压裂性,因而控制着页岩油气储层的存储系数(storativity)。文中展示了三种不同类型藻管迹状(Phycosiphon—like)潜穴的三维重建结果,并研究了可能因遗迹组构的存在(ichnofabric)而形成的流体流动通道。采用体积法对藻管迹状(phycosiphoniform)潜穴制造者产生的生物扰动进行了研究,结果发现,在这类生物扰动层段内,孔隙度和渗透率因生物扰动而提高的沉积岩体积占总体积的比例可达13%~26%。因生物扰动而形成的石英质条带高度弯曲,而且在纵向和横向上都表现出很好的连通性,从而使页岩的纵向和横向渗透率都有很大程度的改善。此外,潜穴产生的石英格架(quartzframeworks)可以改善原本不具脆性的泥岩的局部可压性。
简介:Thegoalofthisstudyistoprovideinformationontheprocessofpotholegrowthonagorgestreambed.PotholegeometriesweremeasuredinareachoftheDaburiverbedattheheadofagorgemorethan200mdeeplyincisingintoa650-750mhighplanationsurfaceformedinthemiddleMioceneinnorthernGuangdong,China.Geometricandderivativedataofthepotholesobtainedfromfieldworkwereinterpretedusingstandardstatisticalmethodologies.Ourstudyshowsthattheformationanddevelopmentofastreampotholewereonlyrelatedtolocalconditionsofastreamreachwherethepotholeoccurs;theweaknesses,whichareusuallyintersectfractures,typicallyinterconnectedverticaljoints,ortriangularpitsgeneratedbyhittingofrockfragmentsduringfloods,initiatethepotholedevelopmentonastreambed;thegeometricaldimensionsofthepotholesarecontrolledbytectonicjointsdevelopedinbedrockofthestreamreach;theradiusandthedepthofpotholesarestrongly(log)positivecorrelated;thepotholeshapesandtheflowpatternsareinconstantduringpotholegrowth;apotholecanbeformedwithinashortperiod,butcannotbefullydevelopedandmaintainedforalongtimeinastrongincisionstreambed.ThefindinginourstudycanimprovetheunderstandingofQuaternaryenvironmentinGuangdong.