简介:在过去的十年中,传统的全波形反演(FWI)已广泛应用于实际地震资料的生产和研究中。虽然基础理论已确立,并通过将地震资料和精确求解波动方程得到的模拟地震波曲线之间的失配最小化产生高分辨率的地下模型,但是在实际工作中,对于更新模型参数来讲它仍然是一个具有挑战性的反演法。尽管可以用局部优化法解决最小化问题,但是由于问题的不适定性和非线性,会不可避免地朝着局部极小值进行收敛,如由于在记录的资料或不准确的初始模型中缺少低频FWI可能会收敛到局部最小。提出了一种用重构波场进行时间域全波形反演新方法(RFWI)。RFWI减小了正演模型数据精确求解波动方程作为常规FWI的约束,代之以使用一个l2近似解。通过最小化的目标函数(包括对数据失配和波动方程误差的惩罚),RFWI对地球模型进行估算并共同重建正演波场。通过扩大搜索空间,RFWI具有避免跳周期和克服一些与局部极小值相关的问题的能力。本文首先介绍了时域RFWI理论和实现情况,讨论了常规FWI和RFWI之间的异同;然后用2D合成实例证明了超越传统FWI的RFWI所具有的优点;最后在刚果海上2D拖缆数据集和墨西哥湾3D海底地震数据集上对RFWI在野外资料的应用情况进行了证明。
简介:对于研究非平稳信号而言,传统的傅里叶变换已不能满足需求。非平稳信号分析方法已成为信号分析领域中的一个热点问题。以模拟地震波传播过程中遇到反射界面反射实验中得到的非平稳信号为研究对象,采用HHT方法对信号进行分析。对信号进行经验模式分解(EMD)和希尔伯特变换(HT)两个步骤。根据EMD分解得到的IMF分量具有从高到低不同频率和不等带宽的特点,对信号进行重构,提高信噪比,大大提高实验中测量P波速度的精度。对信号进行三瞬参数分析,揭示了实际应用中三瞬参数对地质构造识别的优势。HHT方法适用于分析生活中普遍存在的大量非平稳信号,可将复杂的信号直接分离成从高频到低频的若干阶固有模态函数。这一方法体系从根本上摆脱了傅里叶变换理论的束缚,在实际应用中也表现出了一些独特的优势。
简介:Inthispaper,wetheoreticallyandnumericallystudyacombinedmonopole–dipolemeasurementmodetoshowitscapabilitytoovercometheissuesencounteredinconventionalsingle-wellimaging,i.e.,thelowsignal-to-noiseratioofthereflectionsandazimuthambiguity.First,theazimuthambiguity,whichexistsextensivelyinconventionalsingle-wellimaging,issolvedwithanimprovedimagingprocedureusingcombinedmonopole–dipoleloggingdatainadditiontoconventionalloggingdata.Furthermore,wedemonstratethatthedirectwavespropagatingalongtheboreholeswithstrongenergy,canbeeffectivelyeliminatedwiththeproposedcombinedmonopole–dipolemeasurementmode.Thereflectionsarethereforepredominantinthecombinedmonopole–dipoledataevenbeforethesignalsarefiltered;thus,thereflections’arrivaltimesineachreceiverareidentified,whichmayhelpminimizethedifficultiesinfilteringconventionalloggingdata.Theoptimizedprocessingflowofthecombinedmeasurementmodeloggingimageisgiveninthispaper.Theproposedcombinedmonopole–dipolemeasurementmodemayimprovetheaccuracyofsingle-wellimaging.
简介:针对10种不同坡角的凸起地形,采用基于透射边界的有限元-有限差分计算方法,研究了局部凸起在SV波斜入射时,地震动峰值加速度放大倍数和反应谱谱比随入射角度的变化规律。结果表明:(1)地震波以一定的角度斜入射时,地表大部分观测点的峰值加速度放大倍数大于垂直入射的情况;(2)在计算模型宽高比一定的情况下,最不利入射角度与坡角有一定关系,且地表最不利位置随坡角增大由凸起台地边缘向中心移动;(3)入射角度对凸起地形地震反应谱特性的影响十分显著,不但影响谱比的幅值,也影响谱比曲线的形状,斜入射时各关键节点大部分周期点的谱比值大于垂直入射,入射角度对反应谱中的高频成分影响较为显著,而对长周期成分影响不大。
简介:为了研究P波斜入射对沉管隧道地震响应的影响,以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道为工程背景,考虑上覆海水与海床、沉管隧道之间耦合作用,采用粘弹性边界和等效力的地震荷载输入方式,利用ADINA软件建立三维有限元模型进行地震响应分析。分析入射角为0°、20°、40°、50°、60°时P波对沉管隧道环向应力峰值(正应力峰值、剪应力峰值)和位移峰值的影响,结果表明:入射角为40°时,沉管隧道应力峰值最大;入射角为0°—40°时,隧道的应力峰值逐渐增大,入射角为40°—60°时,隧道的应力峰值逐渐减小;隧道截面4个转角处及隔墙与顶板、底板的连接处为隧道剪应力峰值最大处;隧道截面左侧剪应力峰值远大于右侧;隧道顶板正应力峰值最大,顶板的正应力峰值大约为底板的2倍;隧道截面左侧位移峰值远大于隧道截面右侧。
简介:MostcurrentprestackAVAjointinversionmethodsarebasedontheexactZoeppritzequationanditsvariousapproximations.However,theseequationsonlyreflecttherelationbetweenreflectioncoefficients,incidenceangles,andelasticparametersoneithersideoftheinterface,whichmeansthatwave-propagationeffects,suchassphericalspreading,attenuation,transmissionloss,multiples,andeventmismatchingofP-andS-waves,arenotconsideredandcannotaccuratelydescribethetruepropagationcharacteristicsofseismicwaves.ConventionalAVAinversionmethodsrequirethatthesewave-propagationeffectshavebeenfullycorrectedorattenuatedbeforeinversionbuttheserequirementscanhardlybesatisfiedinpractice.Usingaone-dimensional(1D)earthmodel,thereflectivitymethodcansimulatethefullwavefieldresponseofseismicwaves.Therefore,weproposeanonlinearmulticomponentprestackAVAjointinversionmethodbasedonthevectorizedreflectivitymethod,whichusesafastnondominatedsortinggeneticalgorithm(NSGAII)tooptimizethenonlinearmultiobjectivefunctiontoestimatemultipleparameters,suchasP-wavevelocity,S-wavevelocity,anddensity.Thisapproachisrobustbecauseitcansimultaneouslycopewithmorethanoneobjectivefunctionwithoutintroducingweightcoefficients.Modeltestsprovetheeffectivenessoftheproposedinversionmethod.Basedontheinversionresults,wefindthatthenonlinearprestackAVAjointinversionusingthereflectivitymethodyieldsmoreaccurateinversionresultsthantheinversionbyusingtheexactZoeppritzequationwhenthewave-propagationeffectsoftransmissionlossandinternalmultiplesarenotcompletelycorrected.
简介:JointPP–PSinversionoffersbetteraccuracyandresolutionthanconventionalP-waveinversion.P-andS-waveelasticmodulideterminedthroughdatainversionsarekeyparametersforreservoirevaluationandfluidcharacterization.Inthispaper,startingwiththeexactZoeppritzequationthatrelatesP-andS-wavemoduli,acoefficientthatdescribesthereflectionsofP-andconvertedwavesisestablished.Thismethodeffectivelyavoidserrorintroducedbyapproximationsorindirectcalculations,thusimprovingtheaccuracyoftheinversionresults.Consideringthattheinversionproblemisill-posedandthattheforwardoperatorisnonlinear,priorconstraintsonthemodelparametersandmodifiedlow-frequencyconstraintsarealsointroducedtotheobjectivefunctiontomaketheproblemmoretractable.Thismodifiedobjectivefunctionissolvedovermanyiterationstocontinuouslyoptimizethebackgroundvaluesofthevelocityratio,whichincreasesthestabilityoftheinversionprocess.TestsofvariousmodelsshowthatthemethodeffectivelyimprovestheaccuracyandstabilityofextractingPandS-wavemodulifromunderdetermineddata.Thismethodcanbeappliedtoprovideinferencesforreservoirexplorationandfluidextraction.