简介:Apracticalmethodforvisualizingfloodareaandevaluatingdamageispresented,whichconsistsoftwotechnicalapproaches:self-programmingandadaptingcommercialGISplatforms.Thelow-costandeasy-to-useGIS-Basedmodeldevelopedbyself-programmingcanmeetcurrentrequirementsofmostlocalauthorities,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Inthismodel,twocases,non-sourcefloodandsourceflood,aredistinguishedandtheSeed-spreadalgorithmsuitableforsource-floodisdiscussed;Theflooddamageisassessedbyoverlayingthefloodarearangewiththematicmapsandotherrelatedsocialandeconomicdata.andallthematicmapsareconvertedtorasterformatbeforeoverlayanalysis.Twomeasuresaretakentoimprovetheoperationefficiencyofspeedseed-spreadalgorithm.TheaccuracyofthemodelmainlydependsontheresolutionandprecisionoftheDEMdata,andtheaccuracyofregisteringallrasterlayersandthequalityofattributedata.
简介:Theimpactofearthquakesinurbancenterspronetodisastrousearthquakesnecessitatestheanalysisofassociatedriskforrationalformulationofcontingencyplansandmitigationstrategies.Inurbancenters,theseismicriskisbestquantifiedandportrayedthroughthepreparationof'EarthquakeDamageandLossScenarios.'Thecomponentsofsuchscenariosaretheassessmentofthehazard,inventoriesandthevulnerabilitiesofelementsatrisk.ForthedevelopmentoftheearthquakeriskscenarioinIstanbul,twoindependentapproaches,onebasedonintensitiesandthesecondonspectraldisplacements,areutilized.Thispaperwillpresenttheimportantfeaturesofacomprehensivestudy,highlightthemethodology,discusstheresultsandprovideinsightstofuturedevelopments.
简介:土壤侵蚀是在整个世界的最严肃的陆地降级问题之一,引起不可逆的土地质量减小。在这份报纸,我们修改修订通用土壤损失方程(RUSLE)由用沉积运输索引(STI)代替斜坡长度和坡度的因素的模型。数字举起模型,地面参数,规范的差别植被索引(NDVI),和降雨数据被用作输入到模型。与遥感技术和地面调查大小的申请一起,侵蚀危险性地图被生产。修订模型然后被用来在南部的意大利的Alianello获得土壤侵蚀危险性的最佳的估计,它是容易的玷污侵蚀。土壤损失从修改RUSLE估计模型显示出一个大空间变化,从10到差不多7000吨ha1yr1。高侵蚀易受影响的区域组成大约46.8%全部的侵蚀区域,并且什么时候由陆路分类盖子类型,33%被混合与灌木和草赤裸,由灌木和树的5.29%混合列在后面,与有0.06%的最低百分比的灌木。以斜坡类型,很陡峭的斜坡说明40.90%的一个总数并且而扁平的斜坡说明,属于高危险性仅仅0.12%,显示那扁平的地形学在侵蚀危险上有小效果。根据geomorphologic类型被担心,中等陡峭陡峭的斜坡与的类型对严重侵蚀中等是很有利的高玷污侵蚀,它包括大约9.34%。最后,我们对视觉解释地图从改编RUSLE模型验证土壤侵蚀地图,并且发现71.9%的类似度,反映在印射在这个学习区域的土壤侵蚀的改编RUSLE模型的效率。
简介:城市的簇在一个国家是工业和都市化的高水平的期望的产品,以及是在全球竞争的参予的基本单位。关于中国,城市的簇为增加中国都市化过程被认为是主导的形成。然而,迄今为止没有技术的重合、有效、可信的方法学的系统和集合识别中国城市的簇。这研究调查地理信息技术支持提供中国城市的簇的分发的更好的理解的一个计算机化的鉴定方法的潜力。鉴定方法在ArcInfo宏语言编程的帮助下基于一个地理信息数据库,一个数字举起模型,和社会经济的数据被执行。在方法,初步的边界根据交通可接近性被识别,并且最后的鉴定从在rasterized的帮助下在一个区域限制城市数字,人口,和GDP被完成社会经济的数据集。结果证明方法识别九中国城市的簇,即,珀尔河三角洲,更低的长江山谷,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei区域,东北中国平原,中间的长江山谷,华中平原,西方的台湾海峡,Guanzhong和Chengdu重庆城市的簇。这研究代表包含中国城市的簇的计算机化的鉴定的第一研究。而且与另外的相关研究相比,研究途径,联合交通可接近性和社会经济的特征,被显示是识别城市的簇的一个不同、有效、可靠的方法。
简介:Intenseresearchandrefinementofthetoolsusedinperformance-basedseismicengineeringhavebeenmade,butthematurityandaccuracyofthesemethodshavenotbeenadequatelyconfirmedwithactualdatafromthefield.Thegapbetweentheassumedcharacteristicsofactualbuildingsystemsandtheiridealizedcounterpartsusedforanalysisiswide.Whentherandomlydistributedflawsinbuildingsastheyexistinurbanareasandtheextremevariabilityofgroundmotionpatternscombine,theconventionalproceduresusedforpushoverordynamicresponsehistoryanalysesseemtofallshortofreconcilingthedifferencesbetweencalculatedandobserveddamage.Foremergencyplanningandlossmodelingpurposes,suchdiscrepanciesarefactorsthatmustbeborneinmind.Tworelevantexamplesareprovidedherein.Theseexamplesdemonstratethatconsensus-basedanalyticalguidelinesalsorequirewell-idealizedbuildingmodelsthatdonotlendthemselvestoreasonablymanageablerepresentationsfromfielddata.Asacorollary,lossmodelingtechniques,e.g.,usedforinsurancepurposes,mustundergofurtherdevelopmentandimprovement.
简介:内部蒙古自治区域(IMAR)的综合环境财务从1987~2007与数据基于emergy分析在这份报纸被介绍。通过精明的环境、经济的输入和一系列emergy指示物,这份报纸讨论IMAR资源使用结构,经济状况,和贸易地位。结果证明在IMAR使用的超过85%emergy从家来源被导出,显示为自足的一个强壮的能力。集中使用的本地非可更新的emergy,向IMAR经济提供大多数驱动力,在2004以后在全部的emergy使用拿了最大的份额并且在2007到达了58%。2000的西方的中国发展计划从IMAR迎来了煤和电生产和出口的快速的生长到中国的另外的区域。IMAR的出口/进口emergy比率在2007到达了3.46,与出口的煤(3.44?楤敶獲瑩?湡?灳瑡慩?慰瑴牥?景攠潣祳瑳浥猠牴'壮肭勉硴秤硿爆崫?眠楨档椠?桴?慭湩'獪珷箾K映捡潴?湯瘠来瑥瑡潩?慬摮'諡?楤敶獲瑩?湡?灳瑡慩?楤瑳楲畢楴湯漠?题传G整m
简介:Thelastdecadeorsohasseenthedevelopmentofrefinedperformance-basedearthquakeengineering(PBEE)approachesthatnowprovideaframeworkforestimationofarangeofimportantdecisionvariables,suchasrepaircosts,repairtimeandnumberofcasualties.ThispaperreviewscurrenttoolsforPBEE,includingthePACTsoftware,andexaminesthepossibilityofextendingtheinnovativedisplacement-basedassessmentapproachasasimplifiedstructuralanalysisoptionforperformanceassessment.Detailsofthedisplacement-baseds+eismicassessmentmethodarereviewedandasimplemeansofquicklyassessingmultiplehazardlevelsisproposed.Furthermore,proposalsforasimpledefinitionofcollapsefragilityandrelationsbetweenequivalentsingle-degree-of-freedomcharacteristicsandmulti-degree-of-freedomstorydriftandflooraccelerationdemandsarediscussed,highlightingneedsforfutureresearch.Toillustratethepotentialofthemethodology,performancemeasuresobtainedfromthesimplifiedmethodarecomparedwiththosecomputedusingtheresultsofincrementaldynamicanalyseswithinthePEERperformance-basedearthquakeengineeringframework,appliedtoabenchmarkbuilding.Thecomparisonillustratesthatthesimplifiedmethodcouldbeaveryeffectiveconceptualseismicdesigntool.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesimplifiedapproacharediscussedandpotentialimplicationsofadvancedseismicperformanceassessmentsforconceptualseismicdesignarehighlightedthroughexaminationofdifferentcasestudyscenariosincludingdifferentstructuralconfigurations.
简介:倾倒区域能力被水动力学过程主要影响(潮汐的沉积,暴风雨巨浪和波浪,等等)象倾倒区域的尺寸和深度一样。在作为FVCOM(有限体积海岸和海洋模型)知道的三维的海洋发行量模型和随机的动态统计分析模型上基于,利用倾倒地面地形学进化并且倾倒数量,讨论水动力学过程和倾倒的活动的影响的作者目的以便造了倾倒区域能力的海洋的一个新模型。与在倾倒的区域的深度和倾倒的数量的数据,底部的变化地志它基于FVCOM水动力学和沉积模块在自然条件下面由潮汐的电流引起了,为倾倒分析变化的统计关系的作者努力总计,潮汐的电流和底部地志。通过到合适的修订系数值,它将被认为是地志的真实数据改变引用波浪和暴风雨影响的价值澎湃。因此在倾倒的能力作为长期的变化拿这评估。在建立底部的阀值的前提地志的变化,倾倒的区域能力被计算。每年拿Yangtze河口号码1作为一个例子倾倒区域,作为由0.5m的水深度还原剂,倾倒的区域能力是模型结果在对实际数量的合理同意的大约670万m3/a,。然后,模型在海湾倾倒区域,Shengsishangchuan山倾倒区域,Dongding倾倒区域,Dongshan倾倒区域,和Wenzhou移植倾倒区域的Luoyuan被验证,它在外面是拐弯结果类似于实际观察的。
简介:Bridgeseismicisolationstrategyisbasedonthereductionofshearforcestransmittedfromthesuperstructuretothepiersbytwomeans:shiftingnaturalperiodandearthquakeinputenergyreductionbydissipationconcentratedinprotectiondevices.Inthispaper,astochasticanalysisofasimpleisolatedbridgemodelfordifferentbridgeanddeviceparametersisconductedtoassesstheefficiencyofthisseismicprotectionstrategy.Toachievethisaim,asimplenonlinearsofteningconstitutivelawisadoptedtomodelawiderangeofisolationdevices,characterizedbyonlythreeessentialmechanicalparameters.Asaconsequenceoftherandomnatureofseismicmotion,aprobabilisticanalysisiscarriedoutandthetimemodulatedKanai-Tajimistochasticprocessisadoptedtorepresenttheseismicaction.TheresponsecovarianceinthestatespaceisobtainedbysolvingtheLyapunovequationforastochasticlinearizedsystem.Afterasensitivityanalysis,thefailureprobabilityreferredtoextremedisplacementandthemeanvalueofdissipatedenergyareassessedbyusingtheintroducedstochasticindicesofseismicbridgeprotectionefficiency.Aparametricanalysisforprotectivedeviceswithdifferentmechanicalparametersisdevelopedforaproperselectionofparametersofisolationdevicesunderdifferentsituations.
简介:一个新方法被建议由同时检测本地损坏并且从几结构的动态回答识别支持刺激在未知支持刺激下面估计结构的条件。对结构起作用的支持刺激被直角的多项式近似建模,并且关于它的物理参数和直角的系数的结构的动态反应的敏感被导出。鉴定方程基于泰勒是第一顺序近似,并且在一个反复的过程与抑制最少平方的方法被解决。一十五故事砍造模型和五故事的三维的钢框架结构被学习验证建议方法。有吵闹的测量加速的数字模拟证明建议方法罐头精确地检测本地损坏并且从仅仅结构的几回答识别未知支持刺激。这个方法为检测结构的损坏并且与未知输入和不完全的测量产量信息更新模型提供一条新途径。
简介:TheprimarygoalofthedemonstrationprojectendorsedbytheScientificandTechnicalCommitteeforIDNDRin1992istoensurethatnationalagenciesareabletoassessseismichazardinaregionallycoordinatedfashionbyusingadvancedmethods.China,asaRegionalCenterofCentralSouthernAsia,hascontactedwithcountriesoftheregiontorealisticallypracticeseismichazardassessmentsofContinentalAsia.AtestarealocatedinthecollisionboundarybetweentheIndianandEurasianplateswaschosentoexaminetheseismichazardassessmentapproachintheregionalcoordinates.TheseismotectonicsandthreeversionsofseismicsourcesofthetestareaaredescribedinthispaperandundertheGlobalSeismicHazardAssessmentProgram(GSHAP),guidelinesanearthquakecatalogueofthetestareawasassembled.Becauseoftheincompletenessofearthquakedataindifferentcountries,weadoptdifferenttimewindowsfordifferentmagnitudeintervalsinordertoobtaintheseismicityparametersofsources.Byu
简介:Aseismicstabilityassessmentofarchdam-foundationsystemsispresentedusingacomprehensiveapproach,inwhichthemainfactorsthatsignificantlyinfluencetheseismicresponseofanarchdam-foundationsystemareconsidered.Alargescalefiniteelementmodelwithover1milliondegreesoffreedomisconstructedfortheBaihetanarchdam(289mhigh),whichisunderconstructionintheSouthwestofChina.Inparticular,thecomplicatedgeologicalconditionswithfaultsintersectinginterlayershearweaknesszonesatthedambaseandthedamabutmentresistingforcebodyismodeledintheanalysis.Threeperformanceindicesareadoptedtoassesstheseismicstabilityofthearchdam.TheresultsdemonstratethattheopeningofthejointsoftheBaihetanarchdamissmallandthewaterstopinstalledbetweenthejointswouldnotbetornduringadesignearthquake.Theyieldingformedintheinterfacebetweenthedamandfoundationdoesnotreachthegroutingcurtainthatwouldremaininanelasticstateafteranearthquake.Theyieldingzonesoccurringontheupperportionofthedamfacesextend1/8thicknessofblocksectionintothedambodyandthuscantileverblocksneednotbeconcernedwithslidingstability.Thefaultsandinterlayershearweaknesszonesinthenearfieldfoundationexhibitsevereyielding,andapotentialslidingsurfaceispenetrated.Althoughthefactorofsafetyagainstslidingofthesurfacefluctuateswithadecreasedtrendduringanearthquake,theminimuminstantaneousvaluereaches1.02andisstilllargerthan1.0.Therefore,aconclusionisdrawnthattheBaihetanarchdam-foundationsystemwillremainstableunderthedesignearthquake.
简介:Mansehra的地点地震地位于活跃政体,在NW喜马拉雅山脉作为水晶的越过水坝落下的水地区和Hazara克什米尔Syntaxis知道,巴基斯坦。为这个地点的地震危险评价(SHA)被认为地震是来源地区,适当变细方程的选择,近的差错效果和最大的潜在的大小评价执行了。Mansehra戳,Oghi差错,Banna戳,Balakot砍地区,主要边界戳,Panjal戳,Jhelum差错和Muzaffarabad差错并且,推进到南方,Sanghargali,Nathiagali,和Thandiani戳是在Mansehra的50km半径以内的最批评的构造特征。用从1904~2007的可得到的仪器的地震学上的数据,SHA被执行了。在区域的另外的重新激活的批评构造特征被调查了。与到Poonch的从Balakot的120km的差错长度,在他们之中,Balakot-Bagh差错根据地质/结构/地震学上的数据被看作了最批评的构造特征。7.8用四种回归关系被分到Balakot-Bagh差错的最大的大小的潜在的地震。0.25g(为50年的exceedance的10%概率)和0.5g的山峰地面加速价值用概率、确定的途径在变细方程的帮助下被计算了。
简介:Accordingtothepracticeofurbanactivefaultexplorationandassociatedfaultactivityassessmentconductedinrecentyears,thispapersummarizestheproblemsencounteredingeological,geomorphological,geochemicalandgeophysicalsurveys,andproposesthefollowingmeansandsuggestionstosolvetheseproblems.Todeterminethemostrecentfaultsorfaultzones,emphasisshouldbeplacedonidentifyingtheyoungestactivefaultsandoffsetgeomorphology.Tounderstandthehistoryoffaultingandtodiscoverthelatestoffsetevent,itissuggestedthatgeophysicalprospecting,drillingandtrenchingbeconductedononeprofile.BecauseofsignificantuncertaintiesinlateQuaternarydating,weadvisesystematicsamplingandtheuseofmultipledatingmethods.Shallowseismicreflectionhasbeenproventobethemostusefulmethodinurbanactivefaultexploration.However,thereisapressingneedtoincreasethequalityofdataacquisitionandprocessingtoobtainhighresolutionimagessoastoenhanceourabilitytoidentifyactivefaults.ThecombinationofseismicP-wavereflectionandS-wavereflectionmethodsisprovedtobeapowerfulmeanstoinvestigatethetectonicenvironmentsofthedeepcrust.