简介:近几年,电子产品朝轻,薄,短,小化迅速发展,印制线路板也随着这股潮流朝向高密度封装方向发展。尤其是积层板总数的增加和导通孔以及连接盘的小径化也日益显著。对于积层线路板而言,用来加工层间连接的盲通孔(BVH)的激光方法取决于导通孔和连接盘径。激光器分为CO2激光和UV-Yag激光两种。导通孔径为60μm以上时,则一般用CO2激光加工。由于铜在CO2激光的波长(9.3μm~10.3μm)领域中的吸收比很低,因此"保形法"(在表面铜箔上,蚀刻出需要的加工孔径(开铜窗),再以激光打掉树脂)成为了现在的主流。然而,由于保形法需要蚀刻开铜窗,因此增加了形成图形的工序,而且导通孔的定位取决于下层的定位标记,容易发生错位。随着积层板层数的增加,导通孔和连接盘的小径化发展,越来越需要提高加工速度和定位精度。因此,同时对铜和树脂进行加工的"直接钻孔法"开始被关注。直接钻孔法是根据格柏数据进行导通孔的定位,因此,即使导通孔/连接盘径越趋小型化,也不会发生错位,是一种能够推进多层化,高密度化的先端技术。本文讲述了以直接钻孔法形成高可靠度导通孔时所需的技术和药品。
简介:Anovelpre-ionizationschemeofhelicaltransverse-pulsedpre-ionizationinalongitudinaldischargeCO2laserispresented.Thelasertubeismadeofglasswithinnerdiameterof7.5mmanddischargelengthof50cm.Thelaserperformancecharacteristicsasfunctionsofparameters,suchaspressure,chargingcapacitanceandappliedvoltage,areinvestigated.Comparedwiththesamelaserstructurewithoutpre-ionization,themaximumpulseenergyimprovesby23%,theoptimumelectro-opticalefficiencyincreasesby31%,andthespecificoutputenergyreaches26J/(L·atm).
简介:Inthispaper,quartzcrystalmicrobalance(QCM)gassensorscoatedwithpolyehtyleneimine(PEI)wasutilizedforcarbondioxide(CO2)detection.Thesensingmechanismisbasedontheavailabilityofreversibleacid-basereactionsbetweenCO2moleculesandPEIatroomtemperature.TheexperimentalresultsrevealedthatthePEI/starchsensorexhibitedmuchhighersensitivitythanthatofpurePEI,andshowedapproximatelinearityoveraconcentrationregionrangingfrom500ppmto8000ppm.Theinfluenceofhumidityhadalsobeeninvestigated.Furthermore,theresponseandrecoverytimedeceasedastheoperationtemperaturesincreased.Finally,sensitivitylossafterconservationforseveraldaysandreversibilityofthesensorshadbeendiscussed.
简介:Byemployingaradiofrequency(RF)feedbackchain,theself-interferencecanbecanceledefficientlyinco-timeco-frequencyfullduplex(CCFD).However,theevitablesignalcrosstalkwhichiscausedbytheimperfectRFfeedbackchainisolationusuallydamagestheself-interferencecancelation(SIC)performance.Todealwiththisproblem,firstly,weanalyzetheimpactofRFfeedbackchainisolationonSICperformance.ThenadigitalpreprocessingschemewithRFfeedbackchainisproposedinthemultiple-antennaCCFDarchitecture.Usingbothanalyticalandexperimentalmethods,wefindthattheproposedschemeachievesabetterperformanceonSIC.
简介:Asignalwaveformrecoverymethodbasedonthecoprimearrayisinvestigatedtoextractthewaveformofthedesiredsignalfromspatialinterferencesinnarrowbandscenarios.Thedirectionofarrivals(DOAs)ofthedesiredsignalandinterferencesignalsareestimatedwiththecompressivesensingapproachbasedonanglegrids,andthesignalpowertogetherwiththenoisepowerareestimated.Thereafter,amodifiedsteepestdescent(SD)methodisderivedtorecoverthewaveformofthedesiredsignalandinterferencesutilizingtheestimatedpoweranddirections.Therecoveredwaveformofthedesiredsignalistheoutputoftheproposedmethod.Thesituationinwhichthesignalsarenotonthepredefinedanglegridsisalsoconsidered.TheDOAsestimatedpredefinedanglegridsisalsoconsidered.TheDOAsestimatedlikelihood(ML)angleestimation.Comparedtotheexistingbeamformingmethodsonco-primearray,theproposedmethodcanobtainthewaveformofthedesiredsignal.Simulationresultsdemonstratethattheproposedmethodcanachievegoodperformanceinsignalwaveformrecoveryandoutputsignaltonoiseratio.
简介:Cu-andCo-substitutedNiZnferritethinfilms,Ni0.4-xZn0.6CuxFe2O4andNi0.5Zn0.5CoxFe2-xO4(0≤x≤0.2),aresynthesizedbysol-gelprocess.ThecrystallographicandmagneticpropertiesofCu-andCo-substitutedNiZnferritethinfilmshavebeeninvestigated.ThelatticeparameterdecreaseswithCusubstitutionandincreaseswithCosubstitution.ThesaturationmagnetizationdecreasesandthecoercivityincreaseswiththeincreaseofCusubstitution.Moreover,thesaturationmagnetizationgraduallyincreaseswiththeincreaseofCosubstitutionwhenx≤0.10,butdecreaseswhenx>0.10.Meanwhile,thecoercivityinitiallydecreaseswiththeincreaseofCosubstitutionwhenx≤0.10,butincreaseswhenx>0.10.
简介:真空开关真空灭弧室真空度检测是保证真空开关运行质量的重要措施。本文介绍了利用高频脉冲电流法进行真空度检测的原理,提出了其对高频脉冲电源的设计要求,并且研制了一种基于脉宽调制和IGBT逆变技术的高频脉冲电源。本电源采用380V三相交流电作输入,通过三相整流、PWM控制BUCK降压变换、PWM控制单相桥式IGBT逆变和高频变压器升压的方式实现,并且包含了电容充电保护,过流和过压保护电路设计。试验结果表明,本文研制的高频脉冲电源满足真空度检测的需要,并且具有电压和频率独立可调,实现了过流和过压保护,运行稳定性高,操作方便等优点,为开展高频脉冲电流法真空度检测的深入研究奠定了基础。
简介:当大家看到这个标题时,可能会认为这是电子组装行业内最起码的技能,还需要描述吗?只要能生产出符合目前国际通用IPC检验标准要求的三级产品,就不会有错!难道我工艺会不合格?我的回答是“错,大错特错!”作为质量部门、最终用户通常不会考虑生产和焊接工艺等生产过程,他们希望所得到的最终产品功能完整,产品外观、焊接状况都符合三级产品或自己公司的最严格要求。在排除SMT或波峰焊等过程中无任何不良影响的前提下,对有缺陷产品该怎样处理呢?业界广泛的解决办法是利用一定的工艺设备或简单的电烙铁来处理产品缺陷。而由于从事该项工作的员工的技能水平及熟练程度存在差异,同时对电子组件的维修和返工方法及步骤也有所不同,这些人为的不确定性因素的存在使维修后的产品产生出不可预测的故障或缺陷,该缺陷的表现形式更为隐性,不易察觉。
简介:Dispersionandnonlineardistortionhaveaneffectontransmissionperformancesofopticalfibertransimissionsystems,Theschemesofdispersioncompensationandnonlineardistortionself-compensationintelecom-CATVco-networktransmissionsystemsarereported,followedbyinvestigationon(1)theimpactofdispersioncompensationfiber(DCF)onfibernonlineareffectswithacascadeoferbium-dopedfiberamplifiers(EDFAs)anddifferentdispersioncompensationschemes,(2)theimpactofthecomplexonthetotalnonlineardistortioninducedbyEDFAgaintiltandthelightsource.Asaresult,dispersioncompensationoptimalschemeandEDFAnegativegaintiltaresuggestedasasolutiontodispersioncompensationoptimalschemeandEDFAnegativegaintiltaresuggestedasasolutiontodispersioncompensationandthenonlineardistortionself-compensation.
简介:Aimingattheproblemofthepeaktoaveragepowerratio(PAPR)incoherentopticalorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(CO-OFDM),ahybridPAPRreductiontechniqueoftheCO-OFDMsystembycombiningiterativepartialtransmitsequence(IPTS)schemewithmodifiedclippingandfiltering(MCF)isproposed.Thesimulationresultsshowthatatthecomplementarycumulativedistributionfunction(CCDF)of104,thePAPRofproposedschemeisoptimizedby1.86dBand2.13dBcomparedwiththoseofIPTSandCFschemes,respectively.Meanwhile,whenthebiterrorrate(BER)is10^-3,theopticalsignaltonoiseratio(OSNR)areoptimizedby1.57dBand0.66dBcomparedwiththoseofCFandIPTS-CFschemes,respectively.