简介:Hypertensionisaleadingriskfactorforcardiovasculardisease,theleadingcauseofdeathandmorbidityinoursocietyandonaglobalscale.Majorcomponentsofcardiovasculardiseaseincludestroke,coronaryarterydisease,heartfailure,andchronickidneydisease,inallofwhichhypertensionplaysamajorrole.Theriskofthesecomplicationsincreasesdirectlyandlinearlywithsystolicbloodpressurestartingat115mmHg.Althoughusuallyasymptomatic,hypertensionisreadilydetectableonphysicalexaminationandisamenabletobothlifestylemodificationandpharmacologictreatmentinmostpatients.However,largeproportionsofthehypertensivepopulationremainundetectedandundertreated.Numerousguidelineshavebeenissuedduringthepastfewdecadestopromotedetectionandoptimaltherapy.Despitetheincreaseinriskwithsystolicbloodpressuregreaterthan115mmHg,thegenerallyacceptedthresholdfordiagnosisandtreatmenthasbeensystolicbloodpressuregreaterthan139mmHganddiastolicbloodpressuregreaterthan80mmHgbecauseuntilrecentlytreatmenttolowerlevelshasbeenassociatedwithanunfavorablerelationbetweenclinicalbenefitandharm.Inthepastseveralyears,newguidelines,advisories,commentaries,andclinicaltrialshaveprovidedevidenceforapotentialchangeincurrentrecommendationsforthemanagementofhypertension.Inthisregard,thelong-awaitedeighthreportoftheJointNationalCommitteeonthePrevention,Detection,Evaluation,andTreatmentofHighBloodPressurerecommendedpatientsolderthan60yearsbetreatedtoasystolicbloodpressureoflessthan150mmHg,whichhasgeneratedconsiderablecontroversyandcaution.ThestrikingfindingsoftheSystolicBloodPressureInterventionTrial(SPRINT)havereceivedconsiderableattentionbecauseofthedemonstrationthatintensivetherapytoatargetsystolicbloodpressurebelow120mmHgdecreasescardiovascularmortalityandmorbiditymorethanlessintensivetreatmenttoatargetsystolicbloodpressurebelow140mmHg
简介:阴囊坏疽临床上较少见,我院1994年~1999年共收治8例阴囊坏疽患者,现报告如下,并结合有关文献进行讨论。
简介:endosomal像使用费的受体(TLR)TLR3,TLR7,TLR8和TLR9在察觉到吞噬细胞遇到的外国nucleic酸是重要的。因为TLR8开始被认为在老鼠非功能,更少比遗传上并且机能上地相关的TLR7对TLR8被知道。原来与病毒的起源的搁浅单人赛的RNA的识别联系了,现在有证据,人的TLR8也能察觉到在phagosomal液泡以内释放的细菌的RNA,导致两原子因素(NF)-κB-dependentcytokines和类型的生产我干扰素(IFN),例如IFN-β;。TLR8的功能在外国病原体的识别以外延长并且与另外的endosomalTLR包括串音,可以也在autoimmunity的产生有一个角色的一个过程。