简介：Myocardialperfusioniswellcontrolledbyadjustmentofvasomotortoneofre-sistancevessels.Thestaticandsamedynamicaspectsofcoronaryflowcontrolcanwellbedescribedbyassumingfeedbackfromtissueoxygenpressuretothecoronaryvessel.Theseresistancevesselsaresmallarteriesfrom400/mandlessinarteriolesdownto10/m.Itisnotclearyethowvesselsofdifferentsizecanbeunderthecon-troloftissuefactorsandhowadaptationoftoneinlargervesselsistunedtothatofsmallerones.

简介：Asacontagiousbacterialinfectionthataffectstheconjunctivalcoveringoftheeye,thecorneaandtheeyelids,trachomaiscontrolledbyanendorsedintegratedstrategyconsistingofsurgeryfortrichiasis,antibiotictherapy,facialcleanlinessandenvironmentalimprovement,namely,theSAFEstrategydevelopedbyWorldHealthOrganization.Developedbasedonevidencefrompreviousfieldtrialsandconstantlymodifiedinpractice,SAFEstrategyhasgreatlyboostedtheprogressintrachomacontrol.Regardlessofthefactthattherearestillmanypendingquestions,nationalprogramcoordinatorsareconvincedthattrachomacontrolinitiativebasedonSAFEstrategywouldbeeffective.

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简介：AbstractBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a number of bacteria in the genus Brucella. In animals, classical Brucella species naturally affiliate with mammals in which they cause epididymitis and orchitis in males and abortion storms in pregnant females. Because Brucella proliferates to a vast number of free organisms in the fetal organs and fluids, abortion plays a key mechanism in disease spread in nature. B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. abortus construct the three most severe zoonotic species and their role in human brucellosis stems from their association with domesticated farm animals in which they strive and transmit the disease. Here we review the relevant literature on genus Brucella, vaccination and diagnostic approaches. Meanwhile, the prevention and control programs based on the combination of vaccination coverage of the population with differentiating serological diagnosis of the infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) and herd clearance by a test and cull strategy using validated serological tests were discussed.

简介：RecentstudiesrevealingtheimportantrolesofmicroRNAs（miRNAs）inregulatingexpressionofionchannelgeneshaveopeneduparesearchfieldforextendinganddeepeningourinvesti-gationintothecardiacexcitabilityandtheassociatedarrhythmogenesis.Cardiacexcitability,thefundamentalpropertyofthecardiacmyocytes,definesthecardiacconduction,repolarization,automaticity,intracellularcalciumhandling,andtheirregionalheterogeneity.OurpreviousandongoingstudiesandtheworkfromotherlaboratorieshavedemonstratedthesignificantinvolvementofmiRNAsinregulatingeveryaspectsofcardiacexcitability.Wehavefoundearlierthatthemuscle-specificmiRNAmiR-1boostsupthearrhythmogenicpotentialthroughtargetinggapjunctionchannelconnexin43inmyocardialinfarction.AsubsequentstudyrevealedthatmiR-1canalsocausearrhythmiasbyimpairingCa2+handlingbytargetingphosphatase.Wethenidentifiedanothermuscle-specificmiRNAmiR-133promotesabnormalQTprolongationbyrepressingHERGK+channelexpressionindiabeticcardiomyopathy.Subsequently,wediscoveredthatbothmiR-1andmiR-133areinvolvedinthereexpressionofpacemakerchannelsHCN2/HCN4toenhanceabnormalautomaticityincardiachypertrophy.Recently,wefurtheridentifiedmiR-328asanimportantdeterminantforatrialfibrillation（AF）andtheassociatedadverseatrialelectricalremodelingviatargetingL-typeCa2+channels.Whilealltheabove-mentionedmiRNAsareproarrhythmic,wehavenewlyidentifiedforthefirsttimeanaturalantiarrhythmicmiRNAmiR-26.WefoundthatallthreemembersofthemiR-26familyisdownregulatedintheirexpressioninAFtissuesandthisdownregulationincreasesAFvulnerabilityasaresultofremovalofanendogenousantiarrhythmicfactor.miR-26downregulationshortensatrialactionpotentialfavoringAFbyincreasinginwardrectifierK+current（IK1）density.ThisiscausedbyanupregulationofKir2.1K+channelsu

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简介：Theriskofmyocardialinfarctionincreasesinpatientswithdiabetesmellitus.Theincidenceofmyocardialinfarctionissimilarinpatientswithtype2diabeteswithouthistoryofmyocardialinfarctionandinnon-diabeticpatientswithhistoryofmyocardialinfarction.DiabetesmellituswasconsideredasacoronarydiseaseequivalentbytheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram.Strictglycemiccontrolcanimprovethelong-termoutcomeofbothtype1andtype2diabetesmellitus.Whateverwithdiabeticornon-diabetic,strictglycemiccontrolwithintensiveinsulintherapycanreducethemortalityofcriticallyillpatientsinhospital.Aftermyocardialinfarction,therewouldbeaworseoutcomeforpatientswithpoorglycemiccontrol,whateverindiabeticornon-diabeticpatientswithstresshyperglycemia.Meanwhile,strictglycemiccontrolcanimprovetheoutcome.TheguidelineofAmericanCollegeofCardiology/AmericanHeartAssociationin2004onST-elevatedmyocardialinfarctionrecommendedinsulininfusionmaintainingtheeuglycemiaforpatientswithacutemyocardialinfarctionandcomplicatedconditions,whetherwithdiabetesmellitusornot,anditwasconsideredreasonabletoinfuseinsulinforallpatientswithhyperglycemiaduringtheperiodofacutemyocardialinfarction.Thispaperproposedaneffectiveandsafemethodforintravenousinsulininfusiontherapyfordiabeticpatientswithacutemyocardialinfarction.

简介：AbstractBackground:Cystic echinococcosis is one of the most severe helminth zoonosis with a drastic impact on human health and livestock industry. Investigating optimal control strategy and assessing the crucial factors are essential for developing countermeasures to mitigate this disease.Methods:Two compartment models were formulated to study the dynamics of cystic echinococcosis transmission, to evaluate the effectiveness of various control measures, and to find the optimal control strategy. Sensitive analyses were conducted by obtaining PRCCs and contour plot was used to evaluate the effect of key parameters on the basic reproduction number. Based on forward-backward sweep method, numerical simulations were employed to investigate effects of key factors on the transmission of cystic echinococcosis and to obtain the optimal control strategy.Results:The food resources of stray dog and invalid sheep vaccination rate, which are always neglected, were significant to the transmission and control of cystic echinococcosis. Numerical simulations suggest that, the implementation of optimal control strategy can significantly reduce the infections. Improving the cost of health education and domestic dog deworming could not decrease human infections.Conclusions:Our study showed that only a long-term use of the optimal control measures can eliminate the disease. Meanwhile, during the intervention, sheep vaccination and stray dogs disposing should be emphasized ahead of domestic dogs deworming to minimize the control cost. Simultaneously reducing other wild intermediate hosts and strengthening the sheep vaccination as well as disposing the stray dogs would be most effective.

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简介：Hygienesupervisionandcontroloverthemanufacturingplantssupplyingflightfood,thecabinservicedepartmentofAirChinaandfoodsupplyonaircrafthavebeenimplementedbytheBeijingAirportHealthandQuarantineBureau.Fifty—threespecificproblemsofvariouskindshavebeendetectedina12monthexperimentalperiodfromAugustof1991toAugustof1992.Thispaperhasdiscussedthelegalbasis,supervisionunit,workproceduresandworkcontentofsupervisionandcontroloveraircatering.

简介：Alongwiththeincreasinglyurgentmanagementneedsofintranetterminalsinhospital,andlargescaleddeploymentofterminalmanagementsystem,terminalaccesscontrolhasbecomeoneofthestandardfunctionsofterminalmanagement.Thispapermainlyaimsatsomesimpleresearchforthesystemconstructionofhospitalintranetterminalaccesscontrol.

简介：Theadditionofenvironmentalsensing,intheformofdepthsensing,tothecontrolofpowered,lower-limbprostheseswasproposed.Currently,thepredictionofwhichlocomotionmode-basedcontrollertousehasbeenperformedusingEMGfromtheresiduallimbandkineticsandkinematicsfromtheprosthesis.However,duetothevariabilityofEMG,kinetics,andkinematicsacrosstrials,days,andsubjects,itisdifficulttoproducerobustpredictionswithlowerrorrates.Thisworkfocusedonthede-

简介：AbstractGlobally, rabies remains a serious threat to public health. In particular, large number of cases continue to be detected in Africa and Asia. China has experienced three major outbreaks with the current epizootic starting in 1990s, peaking in 2007 with 3,300 cases, and consistently decreasing since this point. A key factor of the success in keeping the rabies outbreak under control is the National Public Health Reporting Program that was introduced to coordinate surveillance at provincial and regional levels. Through this program, it is possible to obtain an integrated overview of how rabies was spreading and how various factors were contributing to the outbreak. At the same time, samples have been collected from suspected rabies cases and a subset of positive samples selected for sequencing. In this way, it is possible to investigate the outbreak from a phylogenetic perspective, providing the comprehensive description of a rabies outbreak to date. In this work, we review rabies control efforts over the last 20 years, and show how this integrated approach has led to a deeper characterization of the outbreak and a better understanding of the factors driving the spread of the disease.

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简介：Thispaperdevelopesatemperaturecontrolsysteminordertocarryoutarealtimeandcontinuousobservationonlivingcellsunderthemicroscope.Inthissystem,transparentindiumtinoxid(ITO)conductivefilmwasusedasaheater,temperaturewasmeasuredbythetemperaturedependenceofresistancebehavioroftheITOfilm,C8051F340single-clupwasusedasthecontrolhardwarecore,andthemodifiedPIDalgorithmandpulsewidthmodulation(PWM)wereadoptedasthekeycontrolsoftwareprograms.Thetemperaturesystemhadasimplestructurewithoutaddedtemperaturesensor,anuniformtemperaturedistributionwithin±1℃ontheITOfilmsurfaceandtemperaturecontrolprecisionof±0.2℃couldbeobtained.ThesystemcouldmaintainagoodgrowthstateforBHK-21livingcellunderthemicroscopefor48h.

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简介：AbstractIntra-abdominal infection (IAI) is a deadly condition in which the outcome is associated with urgent diagnosis, assessment and management, including fluid resuscitation, antibiotic administration while obtaining further laboratory results, attaining precise measurements of hemodynamic status, and pursuing source control. This last item makes abdominal sepsis a unique treatment challenge. Delayed or inadequate source control is an independent predictor of poor outcomes and recognizing source control failure is often difficult or impossible. Further complicating issue in the debate is surrounding the timing, adequacy, and procedures of source control. This review evaluated and summarized the current approach and challenges in IAI management, which are the future research directions.

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简介：AbstractObjective:Laboratory diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS) remains a great challenge. This study was the aimed to identify miRNA candidates as biomarkers to distinguish between NS, non-neurosyphilis, and healthy controls (HCs).Methods:We analyzed miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six patients with NS, eight patients with secondary syphilis (SS), and five HCs using microarray technology. The differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in 33 NS samples, 31 SS samples, and 30 HC samples using TaqMan miRNA real-time qPCR (qRT-PCR).Results:Thirty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in SS and NS patients compared with HCs. Thirteen miRNAs were randomly selected to validate their expression levels in the same samples used in microarray assay by qRT-PCR. All miRNAs were upregulated in SS and NS samples compared with HC. qRT-PCR analysis of the expression of the 13 miRNAs in a second cohort (76 samples) showed that the average expression levels of nine miRNAs were higher in SS than in NS (SS: 0.185, NS: 0.136, P=3.8E-10), while the expressions of the other four miRNAs were lower in SS than in NS (SS: 0.000757, NS: 0.000873, P=0.022). ROC curve analysis of the 13 miRNAs showed the area under the curve value to be 1.00 for distinguishing SS patients from HCs, 1.00 for distinguishing NS patients from HCs, 1.00 for distinguishing SS and NS patients from HCs, and 0.968 for distinguishing NS from SS patients.Conclusion:The present study is the first one that identified differentially expressed miRNAs in PBMCs from patients with NS. Our results suggest that the 13 candidate miRNAs in PBMCs may be novel noninvasive biomarkers for NS diagnosis.

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