简介：ForewordInJune2013,themediaintheUK,theUnitedStatesandChina’sHongKongexposedtheNationalSecurityAgency’sclandestinesurveillanceprogram,codenamedPRISM,usingdocumentsreleasedbytheformerNSAcontractorEdwardSnowden.Theleakedinformationprovokedshockandoutrage.Subsequently,aninvestigationcarriedoutbyvariousChinesegovernmentdepartmentsoverseveralmonthsconfirmedtheexistenceofsnoopingactivitiesdirectedagainstChina.

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简介：Thispaperpresentsahumandetectionsysteminavision-basedhospitalsurveillanceenvironment.Thesystemiscomposedofthreesubsystems,i.e.backgroundsegmentationsubsystem(BSS),humanfeatureextractionsubsystem(HFES),andhumanrecognitionsubsystem(HRS).ThecodebookbackgroundmodelisappliedintheBSS,thehistogramoforientedgradients(HOG)featuresareusedintheHFES,andthesupportvectormachine(SVM)classificationisemployedintheHRS.Bymeansoftheintegrationofthesesubsystems,thehumandetectioninavision-basedhospitalsurveillanceenvironmentisperformed.Experimentalresultsshowthattheproposedsystemcaneffectivelydetectmostofthepeopleinhospitalsurveillancevideosequences.

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简介：Traditionalbackgroundmodelmethodsoftenrequirecomplicatedcomputations,andaresensitivetoilluminationandshadow.Inthispaper,weproposeablock-basedbackgroundmodelingmethod,anduseourproposedmethodtocombinecolorandtexturecharacteristics.Suppressionandrelaxationarethetwokeystrategiestoresistilluminationchangesandshadowdisturbance.Theproposedmethodisquiteefficientandiscapableofresistingilluminationchanges.Experimentalresultsshowthatourmethodissuitableforreal-wordscenesandreal-timeapplications.

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简介：AbstractGamete production is essential for mammalian reproduction. In the ovaries, the primordial follicle, which is the basic reproductive unit, is formed either perinatally or during the second pregnancy stage in humans. However, some oocytes die before the establishment of the primordial follicle pool. Consequently, it is essential to uncover how the size of the primordial follicle pool is determined and how the programmed cell death of oocytes is performed under potential surveillance. According to recent studies, the fate of oocytes in the fetal ovary seems to be determined by different protective strategies through the timely control of apoptosis or autophagy. In this review, we discuss at least three oocyte-derived protective biomarkers, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (also known as KDM1A), responsible for surveilling the developmental quality of fetal oocytes to coordinate primordial follicle formation in the fetal ovary. This review contributes to a better understanding of the secrets of the female reproductive reserve under physiological conditions.

简介：Apassiveopticalnetwork(PON)monitoringsystemcombinedlightpulseandfrequencysweeptechniquesisproposedandverifiedinafieldtest.Thelightpulsesurveysovertheallwholenetworkandthefrequencysweepareusedtoinvestigateanyfaultinthelink.Thefieldtestisperformedwith4PONs.EachPONismonitoredat4ports,oneisthesplitterportandtheotherthreearearbitrarychosenmultipleopticalunits(ONUs).AllthetestedPONsaremonitoredinturnsonceperhour.Faultsatthefeederandbranchfiberhavebeenobservedinthisfieldtestandhavebeenanalyzedwiththemonitoringsystem.

简介：AbstractPurpose:An injury surveillance information system (ISIS) collects, analyzes, and distributes data on injuries to promote health care delivery. The present study aimed to review the data elements and functional requirements of this system.Method:This study was conducted in 2019. Studies related to injury surveillance system were searched from January 2000 to September 2019 via the databases of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Articles related to the epidemiology of injury, population survey, and letters to the editor were excluded, while the review and research articles related to ISISs were included in the study. Initially 324 articles were identified, and finally 22 studies were selected for review. Having reviewed the articles, the data needed were extracted and the results were synthesized narratively.Results:The results showed that most of the systems reviewed in this study used the minimum data set suggested by the World Health Organization injury surveillance guidelines along with supplementary data. The main functions considered for the system were injury track, data analysis, report, data linkage, electronic monitoring and data dissemination.Conclusion:ISISs can help to improve healthcare planning and injury prevention. Since different countries have various technical and organizational infrastructures, it is essential to identify system requirements in different settings.

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简介：AbstractGlobally, rabies remains a serious threat to public health. In particular, large number of cases continue to be detected in Africa and Asia. China has experienced three major outbreaks with the current epizootic starting in 1990s, peaking in 2007 with 3,300 cases, and consistently decreasing since this point. A key factor of the success in keeping the rabies outbreak under control is the National Public Health Reporting Program that was introduced to coordinate surveillance at provincial and regional levels. Through this program, it is possible to obtain an integrated overview of how rabies was spreading and how various factors were contributing to the outbreak. At the same time, samples have been collected from suspected rabies cases and a subset of positive samples selected for sequencing. In this way, it is possible to investigate the outbreak from a phylogenetic perspective, providing the comprehensive description of a rabies outbreak to date. In this work, we review rabies control efforts over the last 20 years, and show how this integrated approach has led to a deeper characterization of the outbreak and a better understanding of the factors driving the spread of the disease.

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简介：Theretrospectinvestigationfor127returnedChineselaborserviceswhoworkedinGabonwerecarriedout,andmalariabloodsmear,bloodserumtestwerecarriedout.Therewere32workersgotmalaria,theproportionwas25.2percent.Forthreeofthepatients,themalarialparasitetestpresentedpositivereaction,andthesuperintendenceofquarantinedoctor,theywereisolatedtocure.Duringthethreepatientshadanothersufferingfrommalariafever,theytookantimalariamedicine,theirsymptomwasimproved,thecourseofdiseasewasreduced,andthecurativeaffectwasobvious.FortheChineselaborserviceswhogototheseriousmalariacountry,itisimportantthatthehealthprotectionoftravelmedicineshouldbedonewell.

简介：现在，个人隐私安全已成为众人关注的焦点。如果你相当在意个人信息安全，担心私密数据被泄露，也许这款Anti—SurveillanceCoat外套能为你解忧。它不仅外型时尚，还可以隔离所有的网络信号和无线电波，

简介：Movingobjectextractionandclassificationareimportantproblemsinautomatedvideosurveillancesystems.Abackgroundmodelbasedonregionsegmentationisproposed.AnadaptivesingleGaussianbackgroundmodelisusedinthestableregionwithgradualchanges,andanonparametricmodelisusedinthevariableregionwithjumpingchanges.Ageneralizedagglomerativeschemeisusedtomergethepixelsinthevariableregionandfillinthesmallinterspaces.Atwo-thresholdsequentialalgorithmicschemeisusedtogroupthebackgroundsamplesofthevariableregionintodistinctGaussiandistributionstoacceleratethekerneldensitycomputationspeedofthenonparametricmodel.Inthefeature-basedobjectclassificationphase,thesurveillancesceneisfirstpartitionedaccordingtotheroadboundariesofdifferenttrafficdirectionsandthenre-segmentedaccordingtotheirscenelocalities.Themethodimprovesthediscriminabilityofthefeaturesineachpartition.AdaBoostmethodisappliedtoevaluatetherelativeimportanceofthefeaturesineachpartitionrespectivelyanddistinguishwhetheranobjectisavehicle,asinglehuman,ahumangroup,orabike.Experimentalresultsshowthattheproposedmethodachieveshigherperformanceincomparisonwiththeexistingmethod.

简介：AbstractBackground:Malaria surveillance system strengthening is essential in the progress towards malaria elimination. In Nigeria, more attention is being given to this recently as the country is striving towards achieving elimination. However, the surveillance system performance is fraught with challenges including poor data quality with varying magnitude by state. This study evaluated the operation of the Kano State malaria surveillance system and assessed its key attributes.Methods:An observational study design comprising a survey, record review and secondary data analysis, and mixed methods data collection approach were used. Four key stakeholders' and 35 Roll Back Malaria Focal Persons (RBMs) semi-structured interviews on operation of the system and attributes of the surveillance system, were conducted. We analyzed the abstracted 2013-2016 National Health Management Information System web-based malaria datasets. The surveillance system was evaluated using the "2001 United States Centers for Disease Control's updated guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems". Data were described using means, standard deviation, frequencies and proportions. Chi-squared for linear trends was used.Results:Overall, 24 RBMs (68.6%) had ≤ 15-year experience on malaria surveillance, 29 (82.9%) had formal training on malaria surveillance; 32 RBMs (91.4%) reported case definitions were easy-to-use, reporting forms were easy-to-fill and data flow channels were clearly defined. Twenty-seven respondents (69.2%) reported data tools could accommodate changes and all RBMs understood malaria case definitions. All respondents (4 stakeholders and 34 RBMs [97.1%]) expressed willingness to continue using the system and 33 (84.6%) reported analyzed data were used for decision-making. Public health facilities constituted the main data source. Overall, 65.0% of funding were from partner agencies. Trend of malaria cases showed significant decline (χ2trend = 7.49; P = 0.0006). Timeliness of reporting was below the target (≥ 80%), except being 82% in 2012.Conclusions:Malaria surveillance system in Kano State was simple, flexible, acceptable, useful and donor-driven but the data were not representative of all health facilities. Timeliness of reporting was suboptimal. We recommended reporting from private health facilities, strengthening human resource capacity for supportive supervision and ensuring adequate government funding to enhance the system's representativeness and improve data quality.

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