简介:<正>TherearetwonamesfortheBkavbrgyudsect:BkavbrgyudandDkarbrgyud."Dkarbrgyud"meansthe"whitetransmissionlineage"("WhiteReligion")and"Bkavbrgyud",the"oraltraditionlineage".Dkarbrgyudgaineditsnamebecausetofollowdharma,thesect’sfounders,MarpaandMilaraspa,bothworethewhitecottonclothingoftheascetic.(SeetheChinesetranslationoftheHistoryandDoctrinesoftheDifferentBuddhistSectsbyThubKuan,p.52.)TheTibetanmonkswhoatthattimepracticeddharmausuallyworethesamewhite
简介:对戈壁表面砾石粒径的研究,可帮助了解戈壁特征,分析戈壁造成自然灾害的原因,认识沙粒迁移、沙漠扩展以及指导防沙工程。本研究结合野外调查,分析噶顺戈壁洪积扇21个样点砾石的粒度组成、平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度等粒度特征。结果表明:1)受洪水、重力与风蚀等作用的影响,戈壁地表砾石均以中砾为主(66.35%~95.04%)。海拔最高处以石质为主(85.54%),平均粒径值为-9.09(545.2mm)。砾石质量分数呈现出随海拔增加,中砾质量分数降低,而粗砾质量分数升高的趋势。2)粒度特征为:平均粒径值变化范围为-9.09(545.2mm)~-6.15(153.9mm);除样点12为分选中等外,其余样点的均处于分选较好以上水平(0.28~0.53);偏度以负偏为主导(80.95%),地表以细砾和中砾等细粒径砾石为主;峰度中,宽平和很宽平占整体的57.14%,中等占23.81%,尖窄和极尖窄占19.05%,显示砾石分布相对较均匀,在不同位置的砾石,具有微弱的地表过程差异性。3)分选系数与平均粒径之间,无明显的相关关系;而偏度与平均粒径间,存在正相关关系。研究结果对物源的岩性及戈壁发育环境具有重要的指示意义。
简介:<正>Sincetheeighties,thestudyofMahakalainmainlandChina,fromliterarytextsonMahakalatotheprominentmanuscriptsofKhara-Khoto(黑水城),canbedividedintosixcategories,namelythespreadofMahakala,thestudyofMahakalainSouthZhaoDali(南诏大理),thestudyoftheMahakalamanuscriptsinTangut(西夏),thehistoryandportraitsofMahakalafromtheYuandynasty,thestudyofMahakalafromtheQingdynastyandthestudyofMahakalaliterature.