简介：Theneedforcleanerfuelshasresultedinacontinuingworldwidetrendtoreducedieselsulfurandaromatics.Therearemanyapproachestoreducingsulfurandaromaticsindiesel.Mostofthemhaveacommondrawbackofhighcostbecauseofadoptingtwostagesofhydrotreatingandusingnoble-metalcatalyst,especiallyforreducingaromatics.TheattempttoresolvethisissuehasledtotherecentdevelopmentoftheSingleStageHydrotreating(SSHT)processbyResearchInstituteofPetroleumProcessing(RIPP),SINOPEC.TheSSHTprocessisasingle-stagehydrotreatingtechnologyforproducinglowsulfurandlowaromaticsdiesel.Theprocessusesoneortwonon-noble-metalcatalystssystemandoperatesatmoderatepressure.Whenrevampinganexistingunittomeetlowaromaticsdieselspecification,theonlythingtodoistoaddareactororreplacetheexistingreactor,Inpilotplanttests,theSSHTtechnologyhassuccessfullytreatedSRGO(StraightRunGasOil),LCO(LightCycleOil)ortheblendofthem.ItisshownthatbyusingtheSSHTprocessdieselwithsulfurof30ppmandaromaticsof15m%canbeproducedfromMiddle-EastSRGOanddieselwitharomaticscontentof25m%canbeproducedfromcrackedfeed,suchasFCC-LCO.Highdieselyieldandcetanenumbergain(fromcrackedfeedstocks)givetheSSHTtechnologyaperformanceadvantagecomparedtoconventionalhydrocrackingandhydrotreatingprocesses.Thelowerinvestmentandoperatingcostisanotheradvantage.ThefirstcommercialapplicationoftheSSHTtechnologyhasbeeninoperationsinceSeptember2001.

简介：剪下页面左下角的奶牛，使其翻过山顶，到达山下的挤奶棚。按照Twinkle，TwinkleLittleStar的曲调演唱这首歌。移动奶牛，沿着花朵翻越山顶，使奶牛到达山下的挤奶棚。上山时，音调逐渐升高；下山时，音调逐渐降低。

简介：Low这个词……真是，算是目前最流行的最有力的用来鄙视别人的词了吧。和过去不一样的是，你想看不起谁，无论是他的穿衣打扮、言行举止，还是他为人处世方面，都不用再费心地去想什么侮辱性贬损性词汇，只要摇摇头，冷淡地说一句“他太low了”，立刻体内会分泌一种高大上的物质，让自己感觉好到不得了，俨然上帝视角俯视了一下世界，特别恨铁不成钢。

简介：Lowgainfeedbackreferstocertainfamiliesofstabilizingstatefeedbackgainsthatareparameterizedinascalarandgotozeroasthescalardecreasestozero.Lowgainfeedbackwasinitiallyproposedtoachievesemi-globalstabilizationoflinearsystemssubjecttoinputsaturation.Itwasthencombinedwithhighgainfeedbackindifferentwaysforsolvingvariouscontrolproblems.Theresultingfeedbacklawsarereferredtoaslow-and-highgainfeedback.Sincetheintroductionoflowgainfeedbackinthecontextofsemi-globalstabilizationoflinearsystemssubjecttoinputsaturation,therehasbeenefforttodevelopalternativemethodsforlowgaindesign,tocharacterizekeyfeaturesoflowgainfeedback,andtoexplorenewapplicationsofthelowgainandlow-and-highgainfeedback.Thispaperreviewsthedevelopmentsinlowgainandlow-and-highgainfeedbackdesigns.

简介：Anovellowpowerandlowvoltagecurrentmirrorwithaverylowcurrentcopyerrorispresentedandtheprincipleofitsoperationisdiscussed.Inthiscircuit,thegainboostingregulatedcascodeschemeisusedtoimprovetheoutputresistance,whileusinginverterasanamplifier.ThesimulationresultswithHSPICEinTSMC0.18umCMOStechnologyaregiven,whichverifythehighperformanceoftheproposedstructure.Simulationresultsshowaninputresistanceof0.014Ωandanoutputresistanceof3GΩ.Thecurrentcopyerrorisfavorableaslowas0.002%togetherwithaninput(theminimuminputvoltageofvin,min~0.24V)andanoutput(theminimumoutputvoltageofvout,min~0.16V)complianceswhileworkingwiththe1Vpowersupplyandthe50uAinputcurrent.Thecurrentcopyerrorisnearzeroattheinputcurrentof27uA.Itconsumesonly76uWandintroducesaverylowoutputoffsetcurrentof50pA.

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简介：Themanagementofpatientswithseveresymptomaticaorticstenosisandahightransvalvulargradientisstraightforward.Itrequiresaorticvalvereplacement.Managementofaorticstenosispatientswithlowflow,lowejectionfractionandlowgradientisfraught.Suchpatientsrarelyfulfillallthetenetsof“severity”andalsohavesevereleftventriculardysfunction.Bothcircumstancesmaketheoutcomeofaorticvalvereplacementuncertain.Thusthemanagementofthisgroupofpatientsrequiresintegrationofalldiagnosticmodalitiesavailable.Thephysicalexamination,degreeofvalvecalcification,theappearanceofthevalveduringsonographicexaminationandthepresenceofinotropicreserveallcontributeimportantlyinjudgingstenosisseverityandthelikelihoodofsuccessfulvalvereplacement.

简介：Themagneticimprovisedexplosivedevices(IEDs),alsocommonlyknownasatypeofastickybomb,issimplyconstructeddevicesyetverylethal.Thispaperputsforwardtheideaofanelectroniccompassthatiscapableofsensingthechangeofamagneticfieldgeneratedbyamagnetandtranslatingitintointerpretabledata,whichcouldactasthebaseforthefurtherstudiesandassistindevelopingagreenerautomatedsystemfordetectingthisdevice.Theelectroniccompassisspecificallychosenforreducingpowerconsumptionofsystemsinadditiontothefactthatitisavailableatalowcost.

简介：摘要在Low-E玻璃使用过程中，由于工程技术人员对其类别、特性、功能、生产方式、辩别方式等知识了解不够全面或者不了解，在材料采购、施工、监理等工作中很难分辩识别，本文对Low-E玻璃的特点、类别及区别、鉴别方法进行阐述

简介：译码性能的涡轮将在为剩余频率和阶段的原因的条件在搬运人抵消的低signal-to-noise比率(SNR)下面承受严肃的降级。在这份报纸，一个改进剩余搬运人频率偏移量评价算法基于upriori概率帮助了(APPA)阶段评价被建议。一起联合反复的涡轮解码器和阶段评估者的一个搬运人同步环被构造，在从涡轮解码器获得的外来的信息被用来帮助反复的阶段评价进程的地方。算法在很低的SNR下面成功地执行的模拟结果表演调节(例如，不到-7.4dB)与大频率偏移量和阶段错误和这的表演，算法离最佳地同步的系统很靠近。

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简介：Au/TbMnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-xcapacitorswerefabricatedonSrTiO3substratesbypulselaserdepositiontechnique,ofwhichelectricpropertieswereinvestigatedinthetemperaturerangefrom25to300K.Bothcurrent-voltagecharacteristicsandjunctionresistanceswithbiasvoltagesshowedremarkabletemperaturedependence,inwhichobviousthermallyexcitedrelaxationprocesseswerefoundbetween150and200K.Atthetemperatureslowerthantheactivationprocess,theleakagecurrentsofthecapacitorswerestudied.Interestingly,athighelectricfield,themechanismoftheleakagewasPoole-Frenkelemission.However,atlowelectricfield,theconductionwasnotOhmic,andideallnJ∝E1/4characteristicswereobserved.Analysisshowedthatthepossibleoriginwasrelatedtotheinherentinhomogeneousnatureofactivationlesspercolatingtransport.

简介：InviewofthelimitationsofaRn-GnmodelinthelowfrequencyrangeandthedefectsofanEn-Inmodelincommonusenow,thispaperbuildsacompleteEn-Inmodelaccordingtothetheoryofrandomharmonic.Theparametersforthelow-noisedesignsuchastheequivalentinputnoisyvoltageEns,theoptimumsourceimpedanceZsoptandtheminimumnoisefigureFmincanbecalculatedaccuratelybyusingthisEn-Inmodelbecauseitconsidersthecoherencebetweenthenoisesourcesfully.Moreover,thispaperpointsoutthatitwillcausethemaximum30%miscalculationwhenneglectingtheeffectsofthecorrelationcoefficient7.Usingtheseries-seriescircuitsasanexample,thispaperdiscussesthemethodsfortheEn-InnoiseanalysisofelectroniccircuitspreliminarilyanddemonstratesitscorrectnessthroughthecomparisonbetweenthesimulatedandmeasuredresultsoftheminimumnoisefigureFminofasinglecurrentseriesnegativefeedbackcircuit.

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简介：ThelowresistancePTCceramicthermistormaterialwithexcellenteleectricalpropertiesaresuccessfullyfabricatedbyrawmaterialsatindustrialrangemadeinourcountryonthestudyofitscompositionexpressionandfabricationprocessbyusingtheadditionofNb,La,Y,Ta,microstructureregulatorBNandASTLphase.Thecompositionanditsfabricationmethodarestudied.TherelationofelectricalpropertiesofthePTCceramicmaterialtoitscompositionexpressionanditsrelatedelectricalpropertiesarediscussed.

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简介：Thedeterminationofthesoundpowerofasourceissimpleinareverberationchamber,butusuallylowervalvesareobtainedatlowfrequenciesthanthefree-spacevalue.Itisshownthatthesoundpowerdeterminedinareverberationchamberdependsnotonlyonitsfree-spacepower,butalsoonthepositionsofthesourceandthereveiver,aswellasthewaythemeasurementsaremadeandaveraged.Exactandstatisticalformulasarederivedtoaccountforthesefactors.Theresultsexplainthediscrepancyandagreewellwithearlierexperiments.Basedonthetheory,parcticabletechniquesofsoundpowerdetermina-tionarepropesedandcorrectpowerformulaspresented.

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简介：Strainageinginsteelwasfirstobservedduringthe19thcenturywhenthemaximumloadcarryingcapacityofatestpiecewasincreasedafterithadbeenretestedfollowingapreviousseriesoftestinginaplasticrange.Overthelastdecades,agreatdealofresearchhasbeenperformedtogaindeeperinsightsintothephenomenonofstrainageing.Thesynergisticdevelopmentoftheoreticalhypothesisandnewexperimentalevidenceshaspromotedtheunderstandingofthemechanismsunderlyingstrainageing.Thecontentofthispaperisorganizedintofourcomponents.First,wehavecomparedthemaintheoriesdevelopedinrecentyears.Second,wehavesummarizedthemetallurgicaleffectsonthestrainageingbehaviorobservedinexperiments.Moreover,wehavemadeanattempttocorrelatetheexperimentalresultsandtheabove-mentionedtheories.Third,wehaveproposedafeasiblesolutiontocontrolstrainageinginlowcarbonsteels.Finally,wehaveelaboratedthepotentialityoftheatomprobetechniqueinfacilitatingdirectcharacterizationofthedistributionofsoluteatoms.