简介:通过水培法研究了不同Cu2+浓度(0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0mg/L)对水生植物凤眼莲[Eichhorniacrassipes]蛋白质含量、根系活力及Cu2+-ATP酶活性的影响.结果表明,Cu2+胁迫对凤眼莲蛋白质含量、根系活力及Cu2+-ATP酶活性的影响与Cu2+胁迫浓度及胁迫时间均有关,在Cu2+胁迫时间为1,3,10d时,各Cu2+胁迫浓度下均有利于凤眼莲叶片蛋白质含量的积累.一定浓度和时间的Cu2+胁迫使凤眼莲体内蛋白质含量应激积累增多.在Cu2+胁迫时间为1d时,随着Cu2+浓度的增加,凤眼莲根系活力逐渐增大;当胁迫时间达10d时,根系活力在Cu2+浓度为1.0mg/LCu2+时达最大,以后逐渐降低.试验表明,随着Cu2+浓度的增加,叶片Cu2+-ATP酶活性在0.5mg/L时达最大,之后逐渐降低;随Cu2+浓度的增加根系Cu2+-ATP酶活性的变化趋势与叶片Cu2+-ATP酶活性的变化趋势相似.
简介:一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)作为生物活性分子,广泛参与各种生物和非生物胁迫。采用营养液培养,研究Cu胁迫下番茄体内L-精氨酸、NO、多胺代谢对外源NO的响应机制,以期为铜污染区域蔬菜种植提供科学依据和技术支持。结果表明,Cu胁迫下添加外源SNP(硝普钠,外源NO供体)能够调节番茄根系和叶片中精氨酸脱羧酶(ArginineDecarboxylase,ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(OrnithineDecarboxylase,ODC)及一氧化氮合酶(NitricOxideSynthase,NOS)活性。根系中,外源SNP能够上调NOS活性,L-精氨酸代谢向着NO合成方向进行;叶片中,外源SNP能够同时上调ADC、ODC、NOS活性,PA、NO的合成同时进行;此外,Cu胁迫下添加外源SNP能够增加根系和叶片L-精氨酸含量,而作为PA、NO的合成前体,精氨酸含量升高无疑会间接促进PA、NO的合成,从而提高番茄对Cu胁迫的抵抗能力。
简介:摘要为了解不同浓度的重金属Cu2+对水生动物的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和脂质过氧化的影响,以文蛤为研究材料,采用室内模拟实验的方法,依据Cu2+对文蛤96h半致死浓度(LC50),设置四个Cu2+胁迫组,胁迫浓度分别为96hLC50的1/8(0.015mg/L)、1/4(0.03mg/L)、1/2(0.06mg/L)和0.1mg/L,并设置对照组,每组三个平行。研究了不同浓度的Cu2+对文蛤鳃组织SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量的影响。结果显示文蛤鳃组织中SOD活性在不同浓度的Cu2+胁迫下,都呈现诱导-抑制趋势,肝脏组织中SOD活性变化幅度不大;两种组织中CAT活性均呈现诱导-抑制效应,Cu2+对MDA的诱导作用显著且存在剂量-效应关系。
简介:摘要:合同自由是合同法的基本原则,一方当事人受到胁迫而签订的合同,可以向人民法院或仲裁机构请求撤销。在有些情形下,行为人并未通过直接的暴力胁迫,而是通过足以影响相对人意志自由的经济上或商业上的压迫,使得相对人违背其内心真实意愿签订合同,在实践中很难得到救济。英美合同法上的经济胁迫制度,与传统胁迫制度不同,是指一方当事人滥用优势地位或对方处于窘境,以暴力胁迫以外的经济或商业方式迫使对方违背自己的真实意愿,按照其条件签订或履行合同。受到经济胁迫的当事人,可以请求法院撤销合同或认定合同无效。我国司法实践中,若能借鉴经济胁迫制度,适当放宽对胁迫的认定,对于保护弱势当事人的利益,具有一定意义。
简介:TostudytheadsorptionbehaviorofCu+inaqueoussolutiononsemiconductorsurface,theinteractionsofCu+andhydratedCu+cationswiththecleanSi(111)surfacewereinvestigatedviahybriddensityfunctionaltheory(B3LYP)andMller-Plessetsecond-orderperturbation(MP2)method.ThecleanSi(111)surfacewasdescribedwithclustermodels(Si14H17,Si16H20andSi22H21)andafour-siliconlayerslabunderperiodicboundaryconditions.CalculationresultsindicatethatthebondingnatureofadsorptionofCu+onSisurfacecanbeviewedaspartialcova-lentaswellasionicbonding.ThebindingenergiesbetweenhydratedCu+cationsandSi(111)surfacearelarge,suggestingastronginteractionbetweenthem.ThecoordinationnumberofCu+(H2O)nonSi(111)surfacewasfoundtobe4.Asthenumberofwatermoleculesislargerthan5,watermoleculesformahydrogenbondnetwork.Inaqueoussolution,Cu+cationswillsafelyattachtothecleanSi(111)surface.
简介:ThemorphologyandcrystallographyofphasesintheCu-0.12%Zralloywereinvestigatedbyscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),andhigh-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscope(HRTEM).Theresultsshowthattheas-castmicrostructureofCu–ZralloyismainlyCumatrixandeutecticstructurewhichconsistofCuandCu5Zrphaseswithafinelamellarstructure.Thedisk-shapedandplatelikedCu5Zrphaseswithfccstructurearefoundinthematrix,inwhichhabitplaneisparallelto{111}aplaneofthematrix.BetweenthecoppermatrixandCu5Zrphase,thereexistsanorientationrelationshipof[112]a||[011]Cu5Zr;(111)a||(111)Cu5Zr.ThespacestructuremodelofCu5Zrphasecanbeestablished.
简介:InordertosuppressthesurfacecrackinginducedbyCuduringreheatingandhotrollingprocess,Cuenrichmentanditsmigrationatthesteel-scaleinterfacewasinvestigatedduringheatingofsteelcastattemperaturesbetween1000℃and1200℃inN2-O2andN7-H2Oatmospheres.ForoxidationofCucontainingsteel,CuenrichedphasewasformedbythepreferentialoxidationofFeandtheenrichmentandmigrationbehaviorofCudependsontheoxidationtemperature,steelchemistryandatmospherecondition.NiinsteelinducedtheformationofsolidCuandNienrichedphaseatsteel/scaleinterfaceandinscalelayerandtheformationofunevensteel/scaleinterface,whichsuppressestheCuenrichmentbecauseofextrusionofCuenrichedregionbeforetheformationofliquidphase.Ontheotherhand,SnadditionpromotestheliquidCuformationatsteel/scaleinterfaceandpenetrationintograinboundaryofCuenrichedphasebydecreasingsolidustemperatureandsolubilitylimit.Inaddition,foroxidationat1200℃,thebehaviorofCuatandaroundthesteel-scaleinterfacewasfounddependenttoalargeextentonmorphologyoftheoxidescaleformedduringoxidation.Attheearlystageofoxidation,Cu-richphaseformedandaccumulatedatthesteelscaleinterfaceunderbothO2-N2andH2O-N2atmospheres.Astheoxidationproceeded,however,Cuenrichmentatanditsmigrationfromthesteel-scaleinterfacewerevastlydifferentfordifferentoxidizingatmospheres.InthecaseofO2-N2oxidation,anoxidelayerformedinitiallyatthesteelsurface,butsoonafteragapwasdevelopedatthesteel-scaleinterfaceandgrewinitssize,whichpracticallyseparatedthescalefromthesteelsubstrate.Thescalelayerformedunderthisconditionwasporous.TheCu-richphaseinitiallyformedattheinterfacewasfoundmigratingtothescalelayer,leavingnoCu-richphaseattheinterface.InthecaseofH2O-N2oxidation,however,thescalelayerformedwasdenseandtightlyattachedtothesteelsurface,andtheCurich-phasecontinuedto
简介:在传统的利用化爆和二级轻气炮作为驱动源的状态方程阻抗匹配实验中,为了考核不同标准材料的可信度,采用了标准材料交叉检验技术。即依次利用这些标准材料作为测量某个待测材料测量雨贡纽线的标准材料,通过比较待测材料雨贡纽线数据的一致性实现对这些标准材料的检验。2004年在神光-Ⅱ装置上完成的二倍频激光Al-Cu和Cu-A1阻抗匹配实验,是一种交叉实验。这两类实验不仅铝、铜二者互为标准材料和待测材料,而且实验包含了正反阻抗匹配两种类型:铝-铜正阻抗匹配实验中冲击波由低阻抗铝进入高阻抗待测材料铜,铜-铝反阻抗匹配实验中冲击波由高阻抗铜进入低阻抗待测材料铝中。
简介:TheroleoftemperatureontheoxidationdynamicsofCu2OonZnO(0001)wasinvestigatedduringtheoxidationofCu(111)/ZnO(0001)byusingoxygenplasmaastheoxidant.AtransitionfromsinglecrystallineCu2O(111)orientationtomicro-zonephaseseparationwithmultipleorientationswasrevealedwhentheoxidationtemperatureincreasedabove300°C.TheexperimentalresultsclearlyshowtheeffectoftheoxidationtemperaturewiththeassistanceofoxygenplasmaonchangingthemorphologyofCu(111)filmandenhancingthelateralnucleationandmigrationabilitiesofcuprousoxides.Averticaltop-downoxidationmodeandalateralmigrationmodelwereproposedtoexplainthedifferentnucleationandgrowthdynamicsofthetemperature-dependentoxidationprocessintheoxidationofCu(111)/ZnO(0001).
简介:介绍一种金属/合金的生产方法,用于恒电流和恒电位条件下由混合硫化物(Cu2S,NiS)生产Cu-Ni合金,称为直接电化学还原(DER)。研究槽电压和槽电流等工艺参数对还原得到的化合物组成的影响,以生产工业所需的CuNi10,CuNi20和CuNi30等合金。在1200°C下采用循环伏安法(CV)考察Cu2S和NiS在CaCl2熔体中的电化学行为。根据CV研究结果,Cu2S的阴极还原是一步完成的,即Cu2S?Cu;NiS的阴极还原则分两步进行,即NiS?Ni3S2?Ni。恒电流研究表明,在10A电流下电解15min,可制备出最高硫含量为320×10-6的高纯CuNi10合金。扫描电子显微镜以及能量色散X射线能谱和光学发射光谱(OES)测试结果表明,在2.5V电压下直接电化学还原15min,可制备出杂质含量低(即硫含量小于60×10-6)的所选成分的Cu-Ni合金。