简介：AbstractThe surgical approach to lesions of the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has evolved significantly in the last several years with the advent of endoscopic skull base surgery. Differing pathologies of the CVJ can result in irreducible compression of the cervicomedullary region. The endoscopic endonasal approach lends itself well to this region due to the ventral location, and while there is a steep learning curve, is a safe and effective way to perform decompression of the cervicomedullary region. Herein, we discuss the anatomy of the CVJ, preoperative evaluation and surgical considerations, our surgical approach, complications, and outcomes.

简介：AbstractObjective:To review indications and techniques for the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), analyze postoperative outcomes, and discuss important technical considerations.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients undergoing endonasal endoscopic approaches to the CVJ from May 2007 to June 2017. Demographic information, presenting symptoms, imaging results, treatment course, postoperative functional status, and follow-up were recorded.Results:There was a total of 30 patients in this series, with a mean follow-up of 11.7 months. The average age was 33.6 years (range, 5-75 years), with 18 females and 12 males. The majority of patients (n = 22, 73.3%) had Chiari malformation type 1 with basilar invagination and symptomatic cervicomedullary compression as the indication for surgery. Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) was noted in 3 cases of odontoid resection and a single case of skull base resection. There were no postoperative CSF leaks. Overall, 81% of patients resumed regular diet by post-operative day 2 (range, 0-8 days). Severe postoperative dysphagia occurred in two cases with one requiring gastrostomy tube placement and another utilizing total parenteral nutrition for support prior to eventual gastrostomy. On average, patients were extubated by postoperative day 0.93 (range 0-3 days), with 85% extubated by postoperative day 1. A tracheotomy was required in one patient.Conclusion:The endonasal endoscopic approach is a valuable technique for access to the CVJ with minimal disruption of respiratory and alimentary function.

简介：AbstractBackground:Although the single-stage posterior realignment craniovertebral junction (CVJ) surgery could treat most of the basilar invagination (BI) and atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), there are still some cases with incomplete decompression of the spinal cord, which remains a technique challenging situation.Methods:Eleven patients were included with remained myelopathic symptoms after posterior correction due to incomplete decompression of the spinal cord. Transoral odontoidectomy assisted by image-guided navigation and intraoperative CT was performed. Clinical assessment and image measurements were performed preoperatively and at the most recent follow-up.Results:Eleven patients were followed up for an average of 47 months. Symptoms were alleviated in 10 of 11 patients (90.9%). One patient died of an unknown reason 1 week after the transoral approach. The clinical and radiological parameters pre- and postoperatively were reported.Conclusion:Transoral odontoidectomy as a salvage surgery is safe and effective for properly selected BI and AAD patients after inadequate indirect decompression from posterior distraction and fixation. Image-guided navigation and intraoperative CT can provide precise information and accurate localization during operation, thus enabling complete resection of the odontoid process and decompression of the spinal cord.

简介：TheapplicationsofbionicmethodologydevelopedbytheLaboratoryofDesignandMaterialSelectionasbasisinthecreationofjunctionelementsweredemonstrated.TheseelementsfavortheapplicationofEcodesigninreferencetotheeffec-tivenessofproductdismountaimingthereductionofambientimpactinallitsphasesofuse.Thecreation,thedevelopmentandtheconfectionofnewjunctionelementsweredescribed,andcasestudiesofnewproductsdevelopedspecificallywiththispurposewerepresented.

简介：我们建议从微波测量Josephson隧道连接的精力松驰时间的一个非静止的方法提高了逃跑现象。与以前的方法相比，我们的方法拥有简单、精确的特征。而且，决定了精力松驰时间，我们能进一步由改变微波力量获得在微波来源和连接之间的联合力量。

简介：Usingfirst-principlescalculations,thecontactbetweenthescandium(Sc)andsemiconductingcarbonnanotube(CNT)isinvestigated.Thisisoneofthebestqualityofn-typecontacts.Twojunctionmodelswith(8,0)CNTonlow-indexScsurfacesareconstructedtoelucidatethestructuralandelectronicpropertiesofSc/CNTjunctions.AnalysesbasedondensityofstatesandchargedifferencerevealthatstrongchemicalbondsareformedbetweenScandCatomsduetohybridstatesofSc3dstateandC2πstate.WithrespecttoTi(0001)/CNTjunction,wefindthedipolelayerformedattheinterfaceofSc(0001)/CNTiscomparablewiththatofTi(0001)/CNTbutgivesanegativebarrierattheinterface.ThisindicatesthattheexcellentcontactpropertiesofScmetalelectrodearecausedbyitslowworkfunctionandexcellentbindingwithCNT.

简介：Josephsonjunctionarraychipsformicrovoltapplicationshavebeendesignedandfabricated.Avoltagestepassmallas1μVhasbeenobservedforasinglejunctioninthearraywhenitisdrivenby483.59MHzmicrowave.Byselectingdifferentpartsofthearray,itcanoutputavoltagefrom1μVto256μV.Theflatregionofthevoltagestepsisover200μA.Thiskindofarrayisusefulforpotentialmicrovoltapplications.

简介：Theadiabaticelectrontransportistheoreticallystudiedinazigzaggraphenenanoribbon(ZGNR)junctionwithtwotime-dependentpumpingelectricfields.BymodelingaZGNRp–njunctionandapplyingtheKeldyshGreen’sfunctionmethod,wefindthatapumpedchargecurrentisflowinginthedeviceatazeroexternalbias,whichmainlycomesfromthephoton-assistedtunnelingprocessandthevalleyselectionruleinaneven-chainZGNRjunction.ThepumpedchargecurrentanditsONandOFFstatescanbeefficientlymodulatedbychangingthesystemparameterssuchasthepumpingfrequency,thepumpingphasedifference,andtheFermilevel.AferromagneticZGNRdeviceisalsostudiedtogenerateapurespincurrentandafullypolarizedspincurrentduetothecombinedspinpumpeffectandthevalleyvalveeffect.Ourfindingmightpavethewaytomanipulatethedegreeoffreedomofelectronsinagraphene-basedelectronicdevice.

简介：ThelearningBayesiannetwork(BN)structurefromdataisanNP-hardproblemandstilloneofthemostexcitingchallengesinthemachinelearning.Inthiswork,anovelalgorithmispresentedwhichcombinesideasfromlocallearning,constraintbased,andsearch-and-scoretechniquesinaprincipledandeffectiveway.ItfirstreconstructsthejunctiontreeofaBNandthenperformsaK2-scoringgreedysearchtoorientatethelocaledgesinthecliquesofjunctiontree.Theoreticalandexperimentalresultsshowtheproposedalgorithmiscapableofhandlingnetworkswithalargenumberofvariables.Itscomparisonwiththewell-knownK2algorithmisalsopresented.

简介：Anumericalmodelforcalculatingtheturbulentflowintee-junctionisgiveninthispaper.Thecalculationsareperformedusingafinite-differenceprocedure,andturbulenceisac-countedforbyusingatwo-equationk-εmodelofturbulence.Results,consistingofmeanveloci-typrofilesandpressurelossesduetothejunction,havebeenobtained,andshowthattheflowsituationintee-junctionisverycomplex.Thecomputedresultsagreecloselywiththeexperimen-taldataandvalidatethatthepresentmodelisreasonableandthenumericalcalculationsaresuc-cessful.

简介：Cell-celljunctionsinthecochleaarehighlycomplexandwellorganized.Theroleofthesejunctionsistomaintainstructuralandfunctionalintegrityofthecochlea.Inthisreview,wedescribeclassificationofcelljunction-associatedproteinsidentifiedwithinthecochleaandprovideabriefoverviewofthefunctionoftheseproteinsinadherentjunctions,gapjunctionsandtightjunctions.

简介：dc和交流开车Josephson连接方程的动力学以二维的Poincare地图被学习。阶段柱体上的光滑的不变的圆抑制inover的盒子高山哈>2失去是的光滑一减少并且最后成为一个奇怪的引起注意的人。这触发二种混乱，一个人在在二个阿诺德舌头之间的区域发生，其它发生在舌头以内。

简介：单个分子的梭连接是一个种nanoscale机电的通道系统。在这个连接，一个分子的岛震荡取决于它的充电职业，并且这充电依赖者摆动通过分子的岛导致电子通道的调整。这份报纸在单个分子的梭连接在当前的、射击噪音的学习和电子的decoherence上考察最近的开发。我们将用典型系统模型，在这个话题上给详细讨论理论充分量主人方程和Aharonov-Bohm干涉仪。

简介：UsingthedensityfunctionaltheoryandthenonequilibriumGreen’sfunctionmethod,westudiedthefinite-biasquantumtransportinaCr/graphene/Crmagnetotunneljunction(MTJ)constructedbyasinglegraphenelayersandwichedbetweentwosemi-infiniteCr(111)electrodes.Wefoundthatthetunnelingmagnetoresistance(TMR)ratiointhisMTJreached108%,whichisclosetothatofaperfectspinfilter.Underanexternalpositivebias,wefoundthattheTMRratioremainedconstantat65%,incontrasttoMgO-basedMTJs,theTMRratiosofwhichdecreasewithincreasingbias.TheseresultsindicatethattheCr/graphene/CrMTJisapromisingcandidateforspintronicsapplications.

简介：

简介：Theconceptoffaultjunctionisproposedtodescribetherelationshipbetweenthetwofaultsbytheauthors.ThejunctionrelationshipbetweenGanjiangandTanlufaultsisanalyzedinthispaper,andthishasbeenelucidatedthroughnumericalsimulationaboutthetectonicstressfieldanalysis.NumericalsimulationofthetectonicstressfieldconductedforthemajormineralizationstageoftheJiujiang-Ruichangjunctionarearevealsthatthestressfieldofthejunctionstructureatthemajormineralizationstageshowsarelativelycloserelationshipwiththeformationoftheoredeposits(occurrences).

简介：ThePNjunctionphotodiodeisfabricatedwithhighresistivityP-typesilicon(ρ＝12000Ω·cm).TheexperimentalC-Vcurveswithandwithoutlaserradiationweremeasured.Therelativechangeofcapacitancecanbegreaterthan100%,whichismuchgreaterthantherelativechangeforlowresistivityP-typesilicon.Therelativechageofcaacitancewithandwithoutlaserradiationatzerobiasis121.7%.

简介：Inhighseismiczoneregions,slenderreinforcedconcretestructuralwallsarecommonlyusedinhigh-risebuildingsasamainlateralloadresistingelement.Thesewallsareveryeffectiveinlimitingthelateraldriftofthebuildingduetotheirlargein-planestiffness.However,thepresenceoffloorslabsinfluencesthebehavioroftheshearwall.Also,thecurrentdesignrequirementsdonotaccountforthepresenceoffloorslabs.Tounderstandthebehaviorofwall-slabjunctionsandaddresstheshortcomingsofthecurrentdesignrequirements,theinfluenceoftwoparameters,namely(a)aspectratioand(b)longitudinalreinforcementratioonthebehaviorisstudiednumerically.Itisobservedthatthepresenceoffloorslabsatdifferentlevelstendstopartitionthewallintosquatwallpanelsbetweentwoconsecutivefloors.Thewall-slabjunctionsshowlargestressconcentrationsarisingfromthestrutactioninthesquatpanels.Itisalsoobservedthatthefloorslabscangetsignificantlydamagednearthewall-slabjunctionforlowerverticalreinforcementratiosinthewall.Thus,thecurrentcodeprescribedminimumreinforcementinshearwallsisnotsufficientandneedstoberevisitedatforimprovedperformance.

简介：ＡＣＣＵＲＡＴＥ　ＰＩＰＥ　ＴＯＰ－ＥＮＴＲＹ　ＪＵＮＣＴＩＯＮ　ＭＯＤＥＬ　ＦＯＲ　ＳＴＥＡＤＹ　ＡＮＤ　ＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹ　ＦＬＯＷＳＡＣＣＵＲＡＴＥＰＩＰＥＴＯＰ－ＥＮＴＲＹＪＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＳＴＥＡＤＹＡＮＤＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹＦＬＯ...

简介：