简介：瞄准：与高潮的机能障碍在人的治疗学习育亨宾硷的效果。方法：育亨宾硷的A20-mg剂量首先在诊所与不同原因论的高潮的机能障碍被给29个人。病人们然后被允许在更赞成的情形下面在家(滴定)增加剂量。结果和副作用随后被估计。结果：病人被分类进三组高潮的机能障碍：主要完全(13)，主要不完全(8)并且第二等(8)。梦遗在75%,40%是在场的，在上面的50%病人组织，分别地(总的来说平均62%)。因为富饶问题(52%)，介绍的人或因为他们想要经历高潮(48%)的快乐。完成了治疗的29个病人，16设法到达高潮并且也在手淫或性交期间是有能力的脚趾投掷。进一步，三完成了的A达到高潮，但是仅仅与一个震荡器的另外的刺激。前面的梦遗的历史在高潮在被劝诱的69%人是在场的但是仅仅50%没有通过治疗。病人，二随后生了孩子(双胞胎的一个集合)，3个人也是的另外一个治好。副作用不是足够的引起这些人停止治疗。结论：Yohimbineis在高潮的机能障碍的一种有用治疗选择。

简介：为了评估antithyroidantibodie层次，有甲状腺疾病的526个病人和292健康的意义，从Yuci使区域遭到，山西省，中国，被学习。浆液层次为甲状腺荷尔蒙受体抗体(TRAb)被决定，microsomal抗体(TMAb)和thyrogiobulin抗体(TGAb)。在病人之中，为榴状的甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤，坟的疾病，和Hashimoto的甲状腺炎的百分比分别地是44.1%，19.6%和17.7%。到男性的女性的比率是2.0～15.6个.Antibody积极的病人因为TMAb，TGAb和TRAb为Hashimoto的甲状腺炎作为94.6%，76.3%和20.4%可检测，并且40.0%，30.0%和90.3%为格雷夫斯的疾病。为描绘疾病和forusingas的流行病学的基础在结论，在Hashimoto的甲状腺炎和自发的甲状腺机能减退的TGAb/TMAb的在坟的疾病的TRAb的高水平，和那些是有意义的为在单个病人的恶化的预示的指示物。

简介：转变生长因素(TGF)-尾家庭成员是多功能的cytokines在细胞上得到他们的效果包括endothelial和墙壁的细胞，经由特定的类型我和类型IIserine/threoninekinase受体和细胞内部的Smad抄写因素。为表明小径部件的TGF-尾家庭的猛烈老鼠模型在合适的蛋黄囊angiogenesis揭示了他们的批评重要性。在人的基因研究在这些发信号的部件连接了变化到象世袭出血性的毛细管扩张，主要肺的高血压和Marfan症候群那样的特定的心血管的症候群。在这评论，我们在我们TGF-尾受体在脉管的生物学和疾病发信号的角色的理解的现在的最近的进展，并且讨论这怎么可以被申请治疗。

简介：Aim:Toevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyoftransurethralapplicationofalprostadil(MUSE.)forthetreatmentoferectiledysfunctioninIndonesians.Methods:Twentyerectiledysfunctionpatientsagedbetween32-74yearsoldwererecruitedinthisstudy.Theinclusioncriteriawereasfollows:1)adultmales18yearsorolderwithasubjectivecomplaintorerectiledysfunction,2)toprovidewritteninformedconsent,3)toagreenottouseotherformsoftreatmentforerectiledysfunction,4)fulfillthescreeninglaboratoryvalues.Part1,eligiblepatientsweretitratedintheclinicstartingwithadoseof250μgandproceedinastepwisemannerto500μgand1000μgonseparateclinicvisitsuntiltheyidentifiedadosethatproducedasatisfactoryresponse.Theintervalbetweeneachin-clinictitrationwas2-3days.Eachin-clinictitrationdosewasevaluatedat15minintervalsoveraonehourperiodforerectionassessment,bloodpressureandpulse.Part2,patientsusedMUSEathomeforthreemonthsatthedoseidentifiedduringtheinclinictitration.Monthlyinterimvisitswererequiredforpatientfollow-upanddrugdistribution.Attheendofthestudy,patientshadanotherlaboratory(excepttestosterone,onlyassayedinscreeningprocedure)andphysicalexamination.Results:Theetiologyoferectiledysfunctionwaspsychologicalin5patientsandorganicin15patients.The65%ofthepatientsachievedtheerectionscaleof4or5eitherintheclinicorathome,10%achievedthescaleof4athome,butnotintheclinic,and25%onlyachievedthescaleof2or3withthehighestdoseof1000μgeitherintheclinicorathome.Nosignificantdifferenceswerefoundinbiochemicalexaminationbeforeandafterthestudy.The60%ofthepatientswhoachievederectionscale4or5continuedtouseMUSEuntiltheendofthestudy,while40%ofthemcomplainedofpainatthetimeofMUSEapplication,duringerectionand/orduringintercourse.Theywithdrewfromthestudy.Conclusion:Transurethral

简介：瞄准：评估功效和vardenafil的toler能力，一个phosphodiesterasetype-5(PDE-5)禁止者，在有可勃起的机能障碍(编辑)的亚洲种族的人。方法：在这未来，双窗帘，多民族的学习，亚洲人被使随机化收到vardenafil(10mg)或安慰剂(4:1比率)12个星期。主要功效变量是可勃起的功能的国际索引可勃起的功能领域(IIEF-EF)，和性相遇侧面(9月)与穿入和交际结束有关询问。重要吝啬的改进在所有三项措施被要求显示出vardenafil处理的积极好处。第二等的功效变量在勃起改进上包括了全球评价问题(GAQ)。结果：最少平方的吝啬的基线IIEF-EF领域分数(vardenafil14.6，安慰剂13.4)与在12个星期以后的中等编辑一致，vardenafil处理与安慰剂相比在IIEF-EF领域分数从基线与重要增加被联系(22.4对14.3；P<0.001)。Vardenafil在吝啬的成功为SEP-2评估的最少的广场(LS)从基线与重要改进被联系(vardenafil82.2对安慰剂43.6；P<0.001)并且SEP-3(vardenafil66.1对安慰剂24.0；P<0.001)。积极GAQ回答被81.8%vardenafil接受者对24.3%安慰剂接受者报导。不利事件被25.4%vardenafil组，报导温和、短暂的多数。结论：Vardenafil(10mg)是为在亚洲男人的中等编辑的一个高度有效、容忍得好的处理。这些结果增加在耐心的人口的一个范围为编辑的治疗表明vardenafil的安全和功效的数据的增加的数量。

简介：在源于mitochondrial机能障碍的氧化phosphorylation的改变长被假设了涉及tumorigenesis。线粒体最近被显示了在调整规划房间死亡和房间增长起一个重要作用。而且，mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)变化在各种各样的癌症房间被发现了。然而，在tumorigenesis的这些mtDNA变化的角色仍然保持大部分未知。这评论集中于基本mitochondrial遗传，mtDNA变化和与癌症联系的结果的mitochondrial机能障碍。潜在的分子的机制，调停从mtDNA变化的致病和到tumorigenesis的mitochondrial机能障碍也被讨论。

简介：在过去，为varicocelectomy的指示主要为有反常精液参数，在青少年的阴囊的hypotrophy/atrophy，或疼痛的不孕。为性腺机能减退的精索静脉曲张的外科的处理争论、辩论。最近，在文学的多重报告建议了那精索静脉曲张与性腺机能减退被联系，精索静脉曲张修理能增加睾丸激素层次。有hypogonadal症状的人应该有至少二个浆液睾丸激素层次。Microsurgicalvaricocelectomy可能为有有记录性腺机能减退的临床上摸得出的精索静脉曲张的人是有益的。在这评论，我们总结在浆液睾丸激素层次上连接精索静脉曲张到性腺机能减退和性机能障碍和修理的影响的最近的文学。我们执行了出版英语文学的搜索。使用的关键词是“；精索静脉曲张和hypogonadism”；并且“；精索静脉曲张外科和睾丸激素.”；我们在1998以后包括了出版研究。也，我们为精索静脉曲张修理不管指示在浆液睾丸激素水平在变化上评估了外科的效果。

简介：AbstractBackground:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) refers to the sudden occurrence of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss. The present study showed that different systemic diseases had different influence on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL. Thyroid hormone is one of the important factors for the development of fetal ear and auditory function. However, the distribution of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL patients and the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL has not been studied.Methods:In this study, a retrospective analysis had been done in 676 patients with SSHL. We had described the distribution of thyroid function in patients with SSHL in detail, and by the statistical method, analyzed the relationship between the hearing outcome and thyroid dysfunction, respectively.Results:In all patients, 24.41% (165/676) had abnormal thyroid function testing results. The onset age of SSHL in FT3 abnormal group (including low and high group) was younger than that in normal FT3 group. Recovery group had more patients with lower-than-normal T3 level as compared to non-recovery patients. Significant associations between T3 levels and hearing outcome were observed in the subgroup with longer time elapse between symptom onset and treatment (≥14 d).Conclusion:The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL is significantly higher than in the general population. There was obvious relationship between T3 and FT3 item of thyroid dysfunction and the onset time and hearing outcome of SSHL, which indicated that T3 or FT3 indicator may be one of the affecting factors for the SSHL. Early screening and diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction, especial T3 level, may help to evaluate the prognosis in SSHL patients.

简介：62patientswithtraumaticparaplegiaweretreatedwithacupuncture(GovernorVesselelectro-stimulation),accordingtothetheoriesofTCMsuchasdredgingthemeridians,regu-latingvitalenergyandblood,improvingbloodcirculation,reinforcingmarrowandreplenishingbrain.Theeffectofacupunctureonurinarybladderdisturbancewasstudied.Theresultsindicatedthattotaleffectratewas96.8%(Ⅰ—Ⅲ),markedeffectratewas66.1%(Ⅰ—Ⅱ).Themarkedeffectrateincompleteparaplegiawassignificantlydifferentfromthatinimcompleteparaplegia;itwas63.0%and87.5%respectively.Furthermore,theresultssuggestedthatthedegreeofspinalcordinjurywasveryimprotantfactorthataffectedtheeffectofacupuncturetherapy.

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简介：在vivo，研究证明那个树枝状的房间(DC)机能障碍发生在肿瘤微型环境。当肿瘤由许多种房间组成，不成熟的DC(imDCs)上的肿瘤房间的直接效果在vitro为进一步的研究被需要。在现在的学习，骨头导出髓的imDCs在vitro与淋巴瘤，hepatoma和menaloma房间被孵化，在imDCs的表面分子被流动cytometry决定。然后，imDCs与肿瘤孵化了房间或控制imDCs进一步与肿瘤lysates被搏动然后与splenocytes孵化了执行混合淋巴细胞反应。DC依赖的肿瘤抗原特定的T房间增长，和IL-12分泌物被流动cytometry，和连接酶的immunosorbent试金分别地决定。最后，DC依赖的联系肿瘤的抗原特定的CTL被连接酶的immunospot试金决定。结果显示出那肿瘤cell-DC孵化下面调整在imDCs的表面分子例如CD80，CD54，CD11b，CD11a和MHC班II分子。DC依赖的抗原特定的T房间增长和IL-12分泌物的能力被肿瘤房间孵化也在vitro减少。最重要地，为DC的antigenic特定的CTLpriming的能力被孵化也与肿瘤房间减少。在礼品，在vitro，学习证明肿瘤房间合作孵化和合作孵化系统导致的DC的有缺点的能力可能直接为肿瘤免疫者房间的未来学习是有用的相互作用并且为药屏幕有免疫力调整。

简介：Erectiledysfunction(ED)isahighlyprevalentdisorderaffectinganestimated152millionmenworldwideandisassociatedwithavarietyofbehavioralriskfactors,suchascigarettesmokingandexcessivealcoholconsumption,aswellasnumerousage-relatedmedicalconditions,notablytype-2diabetesmellitusandcardiovasculardisease.Arationalstep-wiseapproachwhichincludescomprehensivemedicalandsexualhistory,afocusedphysicalexaminationandessentiallaboratorytestssuchasfastingglucose,lipidprofileandtestosteroneassayistobepreferred.Currentdiagnosticwork-updoesnotrecommendanyofthespecializedtestswhichwerepreviouslyconsideredmandatory-i.e.penilepharmacotesting,Duplexultrasoundandnocturnalpeniletumescence.HormonalreplacementtherapyisappropriateonlyinthehypogonadalmalewithED.Priortodirectintervention,thephysicianshouldconsideralteringmodifiableriskfactorsorcauses,althoughfrequentlyinsufficienttoreverseEDcompletely.Whenindicated,oraltherapywithnewmolecules(phosphodiesteraseinhibitorsorapomorphine)isthefirst-linetreatmentforthemajorityofpatientsbecauseofpotentialbenefitsandlackofinvasiveness.

简介：INTRODUCTIONAmajorfunctionoftheintestinalepitheliumistocontroltheamountoffluidenteringintoandbeingabsorbedfromthelumen.Inhealthyconditions,netfluidmovementfollowsanabsorptivevector,althoughsignificantsecretionalsotakesplacetosubservedigestivefunction.Thus,the

简介：Survivalratesformetastaticlungcancer,includingnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)andsmallcelllungcancer(SCLC),arepoorwith5-yearsurvivalsoflessthan5%.Theimmunesystemhasanintricateandcomplexrelationshipwithtumorigenesis;agroundswellofresearchontheimmunesystemisleadingtogreaterunderstandingofhowcancerprogressesandpresentingnewwaystohaltdiseaseprogress.Duetotheextraordinarypoweroftheimmunesystem—withitscapacityformemory,exquisitespecificityandcentralanduniversalroleinhumanbiology—immunotherapyhasthepotentialtoachievecomplete,long-lastingremissionsandcures,withfewsideeffectsforanycancerpatient,regardlessofcancertype.Asaresult,arangeofcancertherapiesareunderdevelopmentthatworkbyturningourownimmunecellsagainsttumors.Howeverdeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofimmunomodulationbytumorsiskeytothedevelopmentofeffectiveimmunotherapies,especiallyinlungcancer.

简介：AIMToinvestigatetheeffectoffenugreeklactone（FL）onpalmitate（PA）-inducedapoptosisanddysfunctionininsulinsecretioninpancreaticNIT-1β-cells.METHODS：CellswereculturedinthepresenceorabsenceofFLandPA（0.25mmol/L）for48h.Then,lipiddropletsinNIT-1cellswereobservedbyoilredOstaining,andtheintracellulartriglyceridecontentwasmeasuredbycolorimetricassay.Theinsulincontentinthesupernatantwasdeterminedusinganinsulinradioimmunoassay.Oxidativestress-associatedparameters,includingtotalsuperoxidedismutase,glutathioneperoxidaseandcatalaseactivityandmalondialdehydelevelsinthesuspensionswerealsoexamined.Theexpressionofupstreamregulatorsofoxidativestress,suchasproteinkinaseC-α（PKC-α）,phospho-PKC-αandP47phox,weredeterminedbyWesternblotanalysisandreal-timePCR.Inaddition,apoptosiswasevaluatedinNIT-1cellsbyflowcytometryassaysandcaspase-3viabilityassays.RESULTS：Ourresultsindicatedthatcomparedtothecontrolgroup,PAinducedanincreaseinlipidaccumulationandapoptosisandadecreaseininsulinsecretioninNIT-1cells.OxidativestressinNIT-1cellswasactivatedafter48hofexposuretoPA.However,FLreversedtheabovechanges.TheseeffectswereaccompaniedbytheinhibitionofPKC-α,phospho-PKC-αandP47phoxexpressionandtheactivationofcaspase-3.CONCLUSION：FLattenuatesPA-inducedapoptosisandinsulinsecretiondysfunctioninNIT-1pancreaticβ-cells.Themechanismforthisactionmaybeassociatedwithimprovementsinlevelsofoxidativestress.

简介：AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing disease that often leads to many comorbidities (e.g., cognitive dysfunction), which adversely affect the quality of life for patients with OSA. Thus far, the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction remain unclear. Many studies have focused on OSA-related characteristics, including intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. There is increasing emphasis on neuroimaging studies to explore underlying relationships between neuropathological changes and cognitive dysfunction. This article reviews recent research progress concerning cognitive dysfunction associated with OSA to reveal potential mechanisms that contribute to this dysfunction.

简介：AbstractType 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion. Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma, which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe. The epithelial barrier hypothesis has recently been proposed and has received great interest from the scientific community. The development of leaky epithelial barriers leads to microbial dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria to inter- and sub-epithelial areas and the development of epithelial tissue inflammation. Accordingly, preventing the impairment and promoting the restoration of a deteriorated airway epithelial barrier represents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma. This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma, the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier, and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity. The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed. In addition, the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants, and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.

简介：证据建议exosomes能转移在房间之间的基因材料。然而，他们在肝炎B的角色病毒(HBV)感染遗体不清楚。这里，我们报导在长期的肝炎B(CHB)病人的sera在场的exosomes包含了两HBVnucleic酸和HBV蛋白质，并且以一种活跃方式把HBV转移了到hepatocytes。尤其是，HBVnucleic酸在生来的杀手(NK)被检测从在到HBV积极的exosomes的暴露以后的CHB病人和健康施主的房间。通过即时荧光显微镜学和流动cytometry，1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3，-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine,4-chlorobenzenesulfnate盐()标记的exosomes被观察与NK房间交往并且被NK房间收起，它被转变生长因素提高--治疗。而且，HBV积极的exosomes损害了NK房间功能，包括干扰素(IFN)-生产，cytolytic活动，NK房间增长和幸存，以及房间到的应答poly(我:C)刺激。HBV感染压制了模式识别受体的表示，特别retinoic酸可诱导的基因我(RIG-I)在NK房间上，导致原子因素B(NF-B)和p38阻抑激活mitogen的蛋白质kinase小径。我们的结果在CHB感染期间在HBV传播和NK房间机能障碍加亮exosomes的一个以前未得到欣赏的角色。

简介：瞄准：氮的氧化物(没有)调停的平滑肌松驰原因阴茎勃起。内皮synthase(eNOS)辅酶tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4)都不从氧基把调停eNOS的催化活动变换成没有生产，改善内皮功能和脉管的平滑肌松驰。方法：用量的免疫组织化学，8-isoprostane和nitrotyrosine集中从17有势力和7个无力的男人在cavernosal织物被比较，并且阴茎刚硬和肿大上的BH4的单个口头的剂量的效果被调查。阴茎刚硬和肿大上的BH4的单个口头的剂量的药效效果被调查在一使随机化，控制安慰剂，在有可勃起的机能障碍(编辑)的18个病人的双窗帘转线路时尚当收到视觉性刺激时。结果：在内皮细胞层和平滑肌的8-Isoprostane内容在无力的耐心的样品是显著地更高的；nitrotyrosine的水平在编辑病人是未改变的。相对安慰剂，200mgBH4的单次量在>的持续时间导致了吝啬的增加60%阴茎刚硬(33.5min[95%信心间隔(CI)：13.1-49.3]在底和29.4min[95%CI：8.9-42.2]在尖端)。A500-mg剂量增加了>的相对持续时间由36.1min的60%阴茎刚硬(95%CI：16.3-51.8)在底和33.7min(95%CI：11.4-43.9)在尖端。治疗很好被容忍。结论：BH4治疗被建议交换eNOS催化活动从对没有形成超级氧化物，没有nitrotyrosine的改变，导致自由基反应产品8-isoprostane的减少的形成。观察结果通过eNOS的改变的催化活动的宪法作为编辑治疗使BH4成为一个合适的候选人。

简介：我们试图与可勃起的机能障碍在病人在intracavernosal注射以后用颜色Doppler流动成像调查在血液动力学的参数，分级的阴茎刚硬，和phosphodiesterase类型5禁止者的治疗学的效果之间的关联。这研究包含了164个病人。在有papaverine(60mg)的混合物的intracavernosal注射以后，前列腺素E1(10mg)，和lidocaine(2%，0.5-1ml)，阴茎容器用颜色Doppler流动成像被估计。阴茎刚硬作为等级基于勃起坚硬分数系统被分类4，3，2或1(相应于到II的Schramek等级V)。然后，病人被给口头的sildenafil(50-100mg)并且根据可勃起的功能(IIEF-5)问询表的国际索引得分。有到V的Schramek等级II的阴茎刚硬的病人的数字分别地是14，18，21，和111。IIEF-5分数断然与阴茎cavernosal动脉的再装满的索引被相关(r=0.79，P<0.05)，山峰收缩速度(r=0.45，P<0.05)，并且阴茎刚硬(r=0.75，P<0.05)，并且否定地与结束被相关心脏舒张的速度(r=0.74，P<0.05)。为有可勃起的机能障碍的病人，在sildenafil管理以后的IIEF-5分数，它与阴茎刚硬被相关，和血液动力学的参数检测了使用流动成像可以预言的颜色Dopplerphosphodiesterase的效果打5禁止者治疗并且能为可勃起的机能障碍的目标处理提供一个讲理的模型。