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简介：Inthisarticle,weinvestigatedeffectsofleadandcadmiumonthebiomassofginkgoseedlings,androlesoftheseedlingsinaccumulationcharacteristicsoftheheavymetalsandremediationofthesoilcontaminatedbyCd2+orPb2+aswellastheircombination.TheresultsshowedthatbothCd2+andPb2+significantlyorverysignificantlyreducedbiomassincrementofginkgoseedlings,withPb2+moreadversethanCd2+.TheCd2+-Pb2+compoundpollutionfurtherreducedbiomassincrementofginkgoseedlings.ThemassfractionsandenrichmentcoefficientofPb2+andCd2+inginkgoseedlingswereinanorderofroot>stem>leaf,whichwasinfavoroftransportationPb2+andCd2+fromroottostemandleave.TheCd2+-Pb2+compoundpollutionpromotedginkgoseedlingabsorptiontoCd2+andPb2+.ThecapacityoftheupwardtransportofPb2+wasgreaterthanthatofCd2+,whichsuggestedanobviousdose-effectandsynergisticeffect.Cd2+andPb2+accumulationsinginkgoseedlingswererelativelylarge.Theaccumulationinrootswashigherthanthatinstemsandleaves.Theabilityoftheabsorption,transportationandaccumulationofginkgoseedlingstoPb2+wasrelativelygreaterunderCd2+-Pb2+compoundpollution.ThephytoremediationefficiencyofCd2+andPb2+wasrelativelyhigh.

简介：ThepurificationprocessoftotalflavonesofginkgoleavesbyresinHZ-841fromethanolextractwasstudied.First,thetotalflavonewasextractedfromthedefattedpowderofginkgoL.bilobaleaves.Effectsofsolventsandoperationconditionswereexaminedtogetarelativehighyieldandpurityinthisstep.ThecrudeextractwasfurtherpurifiedbyresinHZ-841.Bothadsorptionandelutionprocesswerestudiedtoobtainanoptimizedconditions,i.e.,pH,flowrate,concentration.Ayellowpowderwasobtained,ofwhich37.3%wasflavones,obviouslyhigherthanthebasicinternationalstandardof24%.

简介：在公孙树bilobaseeds的内乳的蛋白质多肽的动态变化被SDS页和二维的胶化电气泳动(2-DE)在种子萌芽期间学习。结果证明在公孙树biloba的内乳的80种蛋白质点是在2-DE光谱的clearobserved。蛋白质分子的重量在26的范围—52kD，和theirisoelectric点在5.8-7.8的范围。在种子萌芽期间，13类型ofproteins被降级，并且13种蛋白质被综合；7种蛋白质withdifferent分子的重量和35kD/pI6.8的等电位的点，31kD/pI6.8，29kD/pI6.8,33kD/pI6.6，33kD/pI6.4，34kD/pI7.7和31kD/pI7.7首先作为植物的storageproteins(VSP)被识别。

简介：Theirretrievablefateofneuronsdominatedtheneurosciencerhetoricforthefirsthalfofthiscentury,apositionthatwasfiercelycontestedandrecentlydebunkedbyextensivestudiescarriedoutinthefieldofneuroregenerationresearch.Theturningpointcameintheyear1928,whenRamonY.Cajal’s(Lobato,2008)worksuggestedthattheregenerativecapacityof

简介：AIM:ToexaminetheprotectiveeffectsofGinkgobilobaextract(GbE)onthelearningandmemoryintheAlzheimerdisease(AD)modelinducedbyaluminumsaltinrats,andtoexaminethepotentialmechanisms.METHODS.TheADmodelofratswasinducedbyadministrationanddrinkingofaluminumchloridesolution.Theabilitiesofspatialleafingand

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简介：Therelationshipbetweentheadsorptionpropertiesfortheactivecomponentsofginkgoleavesandthestructureoftheadsorbentsbasedonurea-formaldehydecondensedpolymerswasinvestigated.Theresultsrevealedthattheseadsorbentsshowedveryhighadsorptonselectivityforbothflavonolglycosidesandterpenelactonescontainedinginkgoleaves.Thus,anadsorptionseparationprocedureforpurificationofginkgoleavesextractswasdeveloped.

简介：Sphericalmacroporouscopolymersofmethylacrylateandtrimethylopropanetriacrylatewithdifferentsurfaceandporestructureweresynthesizedviasuspensionpolymerization.andtheirsurfaceandporestructurewerecharacterizedbymeasurementsofsurfacearea,apparentdensityandskeletondensityandcalculationofaverageporediameter,Theresultsrevealedthatcrosslinkingdegreeandporogentdeterminedthephysicalstructureofthesecopolymers.Someofthecopolymerswereappliedtoadsorptivepurificationofginkgoleavesextracttoenhancethecontentofflavonoids,theresultsshowedthatmostofthecopolymerscouldbyusedtoincreasetheflavonidscontent.

简介：客观：在兔子在针的绳索ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)以后在lipidperoxidation和apoptosis上学习白果树biloba摘录(GBE)的效果。方法：SpinalcordI/R损害模型根据对Erten等的描述被建立。27只NewZealand白兔子的一个总数随机被划分成三个组：一个假冒的组(9只兔子对待withs火腿操作但是没有大动脉的吸藏)，一个模型组(与大动脉的吸藏对待的9只兔子并且匹配卷盐)，并且一个GBE组(与大动脉的吸藏andGinaton(100mg/kg)对待的9只兔子在大动脉的夹钳前并且在灌注的发作注射了30分钟)。Theneurological结果分别地在灌注以后在24和48个小时被评估。针的绳索malondialdehyde(MDA)水平，超级氧化物dismutase(草皮)然后被检测。神经cellapoptosis被终端deoxynucleotidyltransferase(TdT)决定标记的-mediateddUTP-fluorescence刻痕结束(TUNEL)方法和bcl-2和bax的表示是examinedhistologically在有免疫组织化学的针的绳索。结果：I/Rproduced在神经病学的得分的重要减少。GBE组的马达分数比在在灌注以后的24和48个小时的模型组的那些显著地高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比，GBE改善了草皮的下面规定并且生产了MDA水平的重要减小(P<0.01)。为在模型组的TUNEL的积极房间是多于GBE组的那些的大部分(P<0.01)。bcl-2在I/R以后是起来调整的，特别在theGBE组(P<0.01)。bax的起来规定被GBE极大地减少(P<0.01).Conclusions：GBE对针的绳索I/R损害，和机制有保护的效果可以是它能清除氧释放激进分子并且禁止神经房间的apoptosis。

简介：Arapidmethodhasbeendevelopedforrapidsampleclean-upinthedeterminationofthepharmacologicallyactiveterpenoidincludingginkgolideA,B,Candbilobalideinginkgobilobaleavesextracts(GBE).Theextractsaredissolvedin7%ofethanolaqueoussolutionandthenpurifiedbyahighlyselectivepolyericadsorbentsolid-phasechromatographiccolumn.Afterbeingconcentrated,theseparatedterpenoidswithnophenolicdistrubancearedeterminedbyhighperformanceliquidchromatorgraphyonaNova-PakC18columnwithmethanol-water(30:70)aseffluentandrefractiveindexdetection.Therecoveryofthemethodisabout95%andthenewmethodsavesmoretimethantheconventionaltwo-columnpurificationmethod.

简介：新种，白果树huolinhensissp。nov与从更低的白垩纪的保存得很好的表皮，在内部蒙古的Huolinhe煤地的Huolinhe形成，中国，词法上并且解剖地被学习。新种类的主要人物在深深地在叶柄的表皮上与狭窄的脑叶，在上面、更低的表皮的房间上开发的毛状体，在上面的表皮为每个房间在穹状的墙上开发的媒介乳头状的小突起，和没有毛状体被把的叶子被发现。G的这些人物。huolinhensissp。nov。与以前报导的白果树的已知的种类区分开来。新种类的这研究为石块白果树的分类研究是有益的，并且应该对更好理解有用在早白垩纪期间住在东北中国的白果树的paleoenvironment。

简介：BACKGROUND:PreparationofGinkgoleafhasbeenwidelyusedtoimprovecognitivedeficitsanddementia,inparticularinAlzheimer'sdiseasepatients.However,theprecisemechanismofactionofGinkgoleafremainsunclear.OBJECTIVE:ToexploretheeffectofGinkgoBilobaextract(Egb761),Ginaton,onβ-secretaseexpressioninrathippocampalneuronalculturesfollowingchronichypoxicandhypoglycemicconditions.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTNG:Completelybyrandomized,groupingstudy.TheexperimentwasperformedattheLaboratoryofMolecularImaging,SoutheastUniversitybetweenAugust2006andAugust2007.MATERIALS:Atotalof128Wistarratsaged24hourswereselected,andhippocampalneuronswereharvestedforprimarycultures.METHODS:Onday7,primaryhippocampalneuronalculturesweretreatedwithEgb761(0,25,50,100,150,and200μg/mL)underhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccultureconditionsfor12,24,and36hours,respectively.Hippocampalneuronsculturedinprimaryculturemediumservedascontrol.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Cellviabilitywasassayedusing3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT);fluorescencedetectionofβ-secretaseactivitywasperformed;WesternBlotwasusedtomeasureβ-secretaseexpression.RESULTS:Cellviabilityunderhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccultureconditionswassignificantlylessthancontrolcells(P<0.05).Underhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccultureconditions,treatmentwith25μg/mLEgb761didnotaltercellviability.However,>25μg/mLEgb761inducedgreatercellviability(P<0.05).Nodifferenceswereobservedbetweenhypoxic/hypoglycemicorhypoglycemiccells(P>0.05).α-secretaseactivitywasincreasedafter12hoursinhypoxic/hypoglycemicculture(P<0.01).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthe12-,24-,or36-hourEgb761groupsandthehypoxic/hypoglycemicgroups(P>0.05).β-secretaseactivitywasgreaterafter12,24,and36hoursinhypoxic/hypoglycemiccultureconditions,comp

简介：ThedifferentiationprocessincludingsomaticembryogenesisindifferentGinkgoexplantsinvitroculturewerestudiedbycytologicalobservation.Theresultsareasfollows:1)twocompletecotyledonsandaembryobudwereobservedinmatureembryosandseveralsecretoryacavitivesappearedinmaturationregionofembryobuds,hypocotyls,cotyledonsandradiclesafterculturing20days;twoincompletecotyledonsandaembryobudprimordiawerefoundinlargecotyledonembryos.Theproembryooftwocells,fourcells,multi-cellular,andglobularembroyweredevelopedfromthecallusofthesmallcotyledonembryos.2)Thedifferentiationofcotyledonexplantsstartedfromepidermalcells,andgraduallyformedmeristematiccellmassinthecorticalcells,andeventuallyadventitiousbudswereobserved.3)TheadventitiousrootsofGinkgooriginatedinthecellsatthecrossofvascularcambiumandvascularrays.4)Thetypeofrootingbelongstoinductiontypebyrootprimordium.Theformedadventitiousrootswereobservedafter20days.

简介：Ginkgoditerpenelactonesmeglumineinjection(GDLI)isacommerciallyavailableproductusedforneuroprotection.However,thepharmacokineticpropertiesoftheprototypesandhydrolyzedcarboxylicformsoftheprimarycomponentsinGDLI,i.e.,ginkgolideA(GA),ginkgolideB(GB),andginkgolideK(GK),haveneverbeenfullyevaluatedinbeagledogs.Inthiswork,asimple,sensitive,andreliablemethodbasedonultra-fastliquidchromatography-tandemmassspectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS)wasdeveloped,andtheprototypesandtotalamountsofGA,GB,andGKweredeterminedinbeagledogplasma.Theplasmaconcentrationsofthehydrolyzedcarboxylicformswerecalculatedbysubtractingtheprototypeconcentrationsfromthetotallactoneconcentrations.Forthefirsttime,thepharmacokineticsofGA,GB,andGKwerefullyassessedinthreeforms,i.e.,theprototypes,thehydrolyzedcarboxylicforms,andthetotalamounts,afterintravenousadministrationofGDLIinbeagledogs.Itwasshownthatginkgolidesprimarilyexistedinthehydrolyzedforminplasma,andtheratioofhydrolysatestoprototypeformsofGAandGBdecreasedgraduallytoahomeostaticratio.AllofthethreeformsofthethreeginkgolidesshowedlinearexposureofAUCtothedosages.GA,GB,andGKshowedaconstanthalf-lifeapproximately2.7,3.4,and1.2h,respectively,whichwereconsistentfortheformsatthreedoselevels(0.3,1.0,and3.0mg·kg~(-1))andafteraconsecutiveinjectionofGDLIfor7days(1.0mg·kg~(-1)).

简介：在这研究，我们调查了白果树biloba摘录(GBE)和phosphodiesterase类型的联合的效果5(PDE-5)阴茎海绵体和下士的钾隧道活动的肌肉发达的音调上的禁止者弄平肌肉房间。从雄的新西兰白兔子的阴茎海绵体的脱衣为等轴的紧张研究在器官洗澡被装。在有1×的收缩以后；10−5 moll−1新肾上素，GBE(0.01-1 ；mgml−1)和mirodenafil(0.01-100 ；nmoll−1)一起被增加进机关洗澡。在electrophysiological研究，整个房间的水流被常规补丁夹钳技术在人的阴茎海绵体的有教养的光滑的肌肉房间记录。阴茎海绵体以一种剂量依赖者方式响应GBE被放松(从0.64%；±；8.35%；在0.01 ；mgml−1到52.28%；±；11.42%；在1 ；mgml−1)。在有0.03 的预告的处理以后；GBE的mgml−1，mirodenafil的弛缓的效果根本被增加集中。在tetraethylammonium(茶)以后(1 ；mmoll−1)管理，增加的效果被禁止(P<；0.01)。GBE的细胞外的管理增加了在一个剂量依赖者的外面的水流塑造的整个房间的K+。外面的水流的增加被1 禁止；mmoll−1茶。这些结果建议GBE能甚至在最低限度地有效的剂量增加mirodenafil的弛缓的力量。通过钾隧道的K+流动可能是涉及这synergistic松驰的机制之一。

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简介：瞄准：为了调查白果树biloba的效果，肺损害上的摘录(EGb761)由肠的ischemia/reperfusion(II/R)导致了。方法：II/R损害的老鼠模型被为灌注为180min跟随的60min夹钳优异mes伤寒动脉生产。老鼠随机被分配进假冒，II/R，和EGb+II/R组。在EGb+II/R组，EGb761(100mg/kg每天)在外科以前经由一个胃的试管被给7连续的天。在II/R和假冒的组的老鼠与EGb761的车辆的相等的体积被对待。肺损害被轻显微镜学，wet-to-dry肺重量比率(W/D)和肺的渗透索引(PPI)估计。malondialdehyde(MDA)和亚硝酸根/硝酸盐的层次(没有(2)(-)/NO(3)(-))，以及超级氧化物歧化酶(草皮)的活动和myeloperoxidase(军邮局)被检验。西方的污点被用来决定可诱导的氮的氧化物synthase(iNOS)的表示。结果：显著地改进的EGb761意味着动脉压和稀释的肺损害，由组织学的变化的改进和肺的W/D和PPI的重要减少表明了(P<0.05或0.01)。而且，EGb761显著地增加了草皮活动，减少的MDA层次和军邮局活动，并且没压制iNOS表示的下面规定伴随的产生(P<0.05或0.01)。结论：结果显示EGb761在II/R导致的肺损害上有保护的效果，它可能与它的抗氧化剂性质和嗜中性的累积的抑制有关并且导致iNOS没有产生。EGb761似乎是为有与II/R有关的呼吸衰竭的非常有病的病人的一个有效治疗学的代理人。