简介：研究发现肥胖青少年更有可能结交肥胖朋友，肥胖和社交圈子有着密切联系。难道肥胖在小伙伴之间也能相互传染？

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简介：AbstractBackground:Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin (MET) increases insulin sensitivity, but it is associated with unsatisfactory weight loss. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide has been shown to reduce weight and IR in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of exenatide once-weekly (QW) combined with MET on body weight, as well as metabolic and endocrinological parameters in overweight/obese women with PCOS.Methods:Fifty overweight/obese women with PCOS diagnosed via the Rotterdam criteria were randomized to one of two treatment groups: MET (500 mg three times a day [TID]) or combination treatment (COM) (MET 500 mg TID, exenatide 2 mg QW) for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were anthropometric changes associated with obesity, and the secondary outcomes included changes in reproductive hormone levels, glucose and lipid metabolism, and C-reactive protein.Results:Forty (80%) patients completed the study. COM therapy was superior to MET monotherapy in reducing weight (P = 0.045), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.041), and waist circumference (P = 0.023). Patients in the COM group on an average lost 3.8 ± 2.4 kg compared with 2.1 ± 3.0 kg in the MET group. In the COM group, BMI and waist circumference decreased by 1.4 ± 0.87 kg/m2 and 4.63 ± 4.42 cm compared with 0.77 ± 1.17 kg/m2 and 1.72 ± 3.07 cm in the MET group, respectively. Moreover, levels of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose, and OGTT 2-h insulin were significantly lower with COM therapy than with MET (P < 0.050). Mild and moderate gastrointestinal reactions were the most common adverse events in both groups.Conclusions:COM therapy was more effective than MET alone in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and improving insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese women with PCOS, with acceptable short-term side effects.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04029272. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04029272

简介：我们试图与BPH在在正常、肥胖的病人之间的征兆的良性的prostatic增生(BPH)的医疗的功效调查差别；肥胖被任何一个身体团索引(BMI)或腰圆周(WC)决定。在这12星期的未来的观察研究，175个病人的一个总数变老≥；有国际前列腺症状分数(IPSS)≥的40年；12点和前列腺体积≥；20 ；ml有希望地被注册。病人根据BMI或WC被划分成二个组。病人们收到了doxazosin在4 的剂量的胃肠的治疗学的系统(GITS)；mg一次每为12个星期的天。从在IPSS的基线的变化，最大的尿流动率(Q最大),虚空以后的剩余体积，生活(QoL)的质量分数和不利事件(AE)被分析。175个注册病人，132完成了学习。57个病人有BMI>；23 ；kgm−2,和43有的WC>；90 ；厘米。肥胖的病人由WC>代表了；90 ；厘米或BMI≥；23 ；kgm−2在基线与非肥胖的病人相比有显著地更大的前列腺体积。全部的IPSS在WC>是显著地更高的；90 ；与WC≤相比的厘米组；90 ；厘米组。全部的IPSS断然与前列腺体积(P=0.031)和WC(P=0.045)被相关。所有组在12个星期在全部的IPSS和QoL显示出重要改进。然而，全部的IPSS的改进在high-BMI和high-WC组是更大的。最经常的AE是头昏(n=13)，并且它在肥胖的BPH病人是显著地更低的。肥胖与增加的前列腺体积和更低的尿道症状被联系。Alpha-blockers看起来为控制症状有效，特别在肥胖的人。

简介：Purpose:Thisstudyaimstoanalyzetheeffectsofa3-monthvigorousphysicalactivity(VPA)interventiononeatingbehaviorandbodycompositioninoverweightandobesechildrenandadolescents.Methods:Forty-sevenparticipants(7–16years)tookpartinthestudy:28wereassignedtotheinterventiongroup(IG)(10boysand18girls)and19inacontrolgroup(CG)(8boysand11girls).Bodycomposition(dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry),anthropometrics(bodymass,height,andbodymassindex(BMI)),andeatingbehaviortraits(Three-FactorEatingQuestionnaire-R21C)weredeterminedbeforeandaftertheVPAintervention.Results:AdecreaseinthepercentageofbodyfatandBMI(-2.8%and-1.8%,respectively),andanincreaseinmostleanmassvariableswerefoundintheIG(allp≤0.05).Inrelationtotheeatingbehaviortraits,IGsubjectsshoweda14%reductionintheEmotionalEatingscore(p=0.04),whileCognitiveRestraintscoredidnotchangeaftertheVPAintervention.ThebaselinefactorsofthequestionnairepredictedchangesinbodymassandfatmassvariablesonlyintheCG.Conclusion:A3-monthVPAinterventioninfluencedeatingbehaviorsofoverweightorobeseyoung,especiallytheEmotionalEatingfactor,inthepresenceoffavorablebodycompositionchanges.

简介：Background:Giventhelowlevelsofphysicalactivity(PA)amongadolescentgirlsintheUS,thereisaneedtoidentifytoolstomotivateincreasedPA.AlthoughthereislimitedevidencethatadolescentstransferPAfromonecontexttoanother,exergames(i.e.,videogamesthatrequiregrossmotoractivity)mayactasagatewaytopromoteoverallPAoutsidegameplay.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminepotentialtransfereffects(i.e.,influencesonexternalbehaviorsandpsychologicalconstructs)ofa12-weekexergaminginterventiononadolescentgirls’PA,screentime,andself-efficacytowardPA,aswellastheintrinsicmotivationofexergaming.Methods:Participantswere37girlsaged14–18years(65%AfricanAmerican,35%white)whowereoverweightorobese(bodymassindex≥85thpercentile)andwererecruitedfromthecommunityviaschool,physicians,newsmedia,andsocialmediawebsites.Adolescentswererandomlyassignedtoa12-weekgroupexergamingintervention(thirty-six60minsessionsofgroup-baseddanceexergaminginaresearchlaboratoryusingKinectforXbox360(MicrosoftCorporation,Redmond,WA,USA))ortoano-treatmentcontrolgroup.OutcomevariablesincludedobjectivelymeasuredPA(total)andself-reportedleisure-timePA(discretionarytimeonly)1weekbeforevs.1weekaftertheintervention;selectedtypeandintensityofPAwhenplacedinagymsettingfor30min('cardiofreechoice');screentime;self-efficacytowardPA;andintrinsicmotivationtowardexergaming.Results:Attendanceattheexergamingsessionswashigh(80%).Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,theinterventiongroupself-reportedanincreaseinPA(p=0.035)andfewerhourswatchingtelevisionorvideos(p=0.01)aftertheintervention,buttherewerenosignificantdifferencesinsedentary,light,moderate,orvigorousPAmeasuredbyaccelerometry.Theinterventiongroupsignificantlyimprovedself-efficacytowardPA(p=0.028).Theinterventiongrouphighlyratedintrinsicmotivationtowardexergaming.Conclusi

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简介：Purpose:Arandomized,controlledtrialwasconductedtodeterminewhethera6-weeklowcaloriedietandaerobicexerciseinterventioncouldaltermetabolicsyndrome(MetS)riskfactorsinpre-pubescentobeseChinesechildren.Methods:Thesubjectswererandomizedintodietandexercise(DE)andcontrol(C)groups.TheDEgroupingested1600-2000kcal/dayadjustedtoeachparticipant’sbasalmetabolicrate,andengagedinhigh-volumeaerobicexercise(6days/week,twicedaily,for3hpersession)for6weeks.Atotalof215obesechildrenbetweentheagesof11and13yearswererecruitedintothestudy,with167subjects(DE,n=95;C,n=72)completingallphases.Pre-andpost-studymeasuresincludedbodyweight,bodymassindex,waistcircumference,bodyfatpercentage,bloodpressureandotherMetS-relatedmarkersfromfastingbloodsamples(serumcholesterol,triglycerides,insulin,andglucose).Results:Comparedtocontrols,theDEsubjectsexperiencedsignificantlyreducedlevelsforalloutcomemarkers(p<0.05),exceptforfastingbloodglucoseinboys(p=0.09).Conclusion:Anintensive,6-weekdietandexerciseinterventionhadfavorableeffectsinalteringMetSriskfactorsinobeseChinesechildrenaged11to13.

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简介：AbstractBackground:The hypocaloric diets improve glycemic status in obese individuals, but the response to hypocaloric diets in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO)-rs9939609 gene variant is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the gene-diet interaction of FTO-rs9939609 gene variant and hypocaloric diets on glycemic control in overweight and obese adults.Methods:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched up to December 2018, for relevant clinical trials. Mean changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were extracted.Results:The pooled analysis of nine studies showed that there was no significant difference between AA/AT and TT genotypes in FBS (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.08, 1.10, P = 0.984) and serum insulin (WMD = 0.20, 95% CI: -0.85, 1.26; P = 0.707) after intervention hypocaloric diets. The overweight/obese participants in AA/AT group showed the greatest reduction in HOMA-IR compared with TT genotype following intervention, and this difference was not statistically significant (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.94, 0.16, P = 0.167).Conclusion:This meta-analysis suggests that there was no significant difference between AA/AT and TT genotypes of FTO-rs9939609 on FBS, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance in response to hypocaloric diets.