简介:Apeer-to-peer(P2P)networkisadistributedapplicationarchitecturewhichprovidesmanyattractivefeatures,suchasavailability,self-organization,load-balancing,andanonymity.However,P2Pnetworkhascreatedsignificantproblemstonetworkoperatorsbygeneratinglargevolumesofinterautonomoussystem(inter-AS)traffic.FocusingontheBitTorrentswarmingprotocol,thispaperproposesanapproachwhichaimstoreduceP2Pgeneratedinter-AStraffic.Inparticular,theapproachcanreduceinter-AStrafficby50%to70%.Moreover,itcanimprovethedownloadingspeedby60%forthepopulartorrents.Theevaluationshowsthatcontrolledregional-basedcontentsreplicationcaneffectivelyachievethisgoal.Furthermore,theapproachisincrementallydeployable.NetworkregionsinwhichthesystemgetsdeployedcansolvetheirP2Pgeneratedinter-AStrafficproblemsautonomously,i.e.,withoutanyInternetserviceproviders-collaborationandanyrequirement,thesystemcanbedeployedintheentireInternet.
简介:目的研究母源表达的印记基因p57K1P2和PHLDA2(IPL/TSSC3)蛋白表达对葡萄胎的辅助诊断意义。方法收集北京协和医院刮宫组织存档的石蜡包埋标本,其中病理组织学诊断完全性葡萄胎(completehydatidiformmole,CHM)13例,部分性葡萄胎(partialhydatidiformmole,PHM)16例。全部病例行流式细胞术DNA倍体分析,采用免疫组化二步法检测p57K1P2及PHLDA2在病理组织中表达。结果29例病例DNA倍体分析:二倍体15例,三倍体13例,四倍体1例,诊断为CHM15例,PHM14例,病理诊断的符合率为86.2%。部分性葡萄胎p57K1P2和PHLDA2绒毛滋养细胞层免疫组织化学全部阳性(100%,14/14)。PHLDA2染色阳性位于胞质和胞膜,表达为强阳性。p57K1P2染色阳性位于胞核,表达为强阳性。所有完全型葡萄胎绒毛滋养细胞层p57K1P2和PHLDA2免疫组织化学均阴性(100%,15/15)。结论p57K1P2和PHLDA2可能是鉴别CHM和非CHM的标志物,两者免疫组化学阴性可能是CHM的可靠标志物,但有待扩大样本验证。
简介:<正>Lookingthroughanyexercisesciencejournalstoday,infactanysciencejournalsincludingmanytopScienceCitationIndex(SCI)journals,onecaneasilyfindexamplesofthewide-spread"p<0.05/significance"abusephenomenon,i.e.,ifthepvaluefromastatistical/hypothesistestislessthan0.05(or0.01sometimes),aconclusionthat"theresults/findingsaresignificant"isthendrawn.Theabuseissoseverethatitisalreadyseriouslythreateningtheintegrityofscientificinquiry.
简介:组G的Wielandt亚群,由w(G)表示了,是G的所有低于正常的亚群的normalizers的交叉。在这份报纸,作者为每整数i为最大的班G,为所有整数i的任何一个wi(G)=i(G)或wi(G)=i+1(G)的p组显示出那,并且为在有K1的G的每正常亚群K的w(G/K)=(G/K)。同时,为最大的班的常规p组的一个必要、足够的条件令人满意的w(G)=2(G)被给。最后,如果G是有基本z(G)的non-abelianp组,作者证明力量自守组PAut(G)是基本abelianp组?\mho1(G)\zeta(G)\cap\mho_1(G)。
简介:让M与部分弯曲歧管的n维的完全的noncompactRiemannian从在下面被围住,d瑥物浥湥?牡?牰癯摩摥椠?汣獯摥映牯獭