简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethefactorsinfluencingtheoccurrenceofgastricvarioliformlesions(GVLs)andtheirpossiblelinkwithgastriccancer.METHODS:A1:1matchedcase-controlstudywasperformedtoretrospectivelyanalyzedatafrom1638chronicgastritispatientswhohadundergonegastroscopyatoneoftwoChinesehospitalsbetween2009and2014.PatientswithGVLs(cases)werecomparedtothosewithoutsuchlesions(controls).Endoscopicandpathologicalfindingswererecorded,alongwithinterviewinformationonHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori)infection,medical,drugandfamilyhistories,lifestyleandeatinghabits.TheassociationbetweeneachfactorandtheoccurrenceofGVLswasestimated,andthenmultivariateconditionallogisticregressionwasusedtoevaluatetheindependentfactors.RESULTS:Thefrequencyandseverityofglandularatrophy,intestinalmetaplasia(IM)andlow-gradeintraepithelialneoplasiaweresignificantlyincreasedintheGVLgroup(P<0.01).OverallanalysisshowedthatH.pyloriinfection[3.051(2.157,4.317),P<0.001],allergicrespiratorydiseases[3.636(2.183,6.055),P<0.001],work-relatedstress[2.019(1.568,2.600),P<0.001],irregularmeals[2.300(1.462,3.619),P<0.001],highintakeofspicyfood[1.754(1.227,2.507),P=0.002]andhighintakeoffreshfruit[0.231(0.101,0.529),P=0.001]weresignificantlycorrelatedwiththeoccurrenceofGVLs(positively,exceptforthelatter).Stratifiedanalysesindicatedthatpickledfoodconsumptioninpatientsover50yearsold[7.224(2.360,22.115),P=0.001]andexcessivesmokinginmen[2.013(1.282,3.163),P=0.002]werealsopositivelycorrelated,andthat,forantralGVLs,vegetableconsumption[0.491(0.311,0.776),P=0.002]wasnegativelycorrelated.CONCLUSION:SevenriskfactorsandtwoprotectivefactorsaredeterminedforGVLs,whichwerefoundtobeassociatedwithpremalignantabnormalities.

简介：AbstractBackground:There are an increasing number of patients with oral sensory complaints (OSCs) presenting to our dental clinic. For most dentists, it is difficult to distinguish burning mouth syndrome (BMS) from other oral mucosal diseases that may cause symptoms such as burning mouth. It is beneficial to effectively distinguish OSC patients to reduce misdiagnosis and eliminate burning symptoms as much as possible.Methods:Patients with oral burning sensations in the oral mucosal disease clinic were collected from the Peking University Hospital of Stomatology between September 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. After excluding oral candidiasis, anemic stomatitis, dental material allergy, and other diseases from patients with oral sensory complaints, basic conditions such as gender, age, education level, job status, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of brain abnormalities, history of cervical spondylitis, history of thyroid disease, history of thyroid disease and insomnia were obtained. The BMS patients were compared with the control group. The t test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis to compare the clinical symptoms of these diseases and explore the risk factors for BMS.Results:In this case-control study, 395 patients (321 females and 74 males, mean age 55.26 ± 10.51 years) with oral sensory complaints and 391 healthy controls (281 females and 110 males, mean age 47.11 ± 13.10 years) were enrolled, among which, 8.4% (33/395) had oral candidiasis, 1.3% (5/395) had dental material allergy, 0.8% (3/395) had anemic stomatitis and 0.5% (2/395) had lichen planus. A total of 352 patients were eventually diagnosed with BMS. Anxiety and depression were more severe in BMS patients, as were the incidences of sleep disorders and brain abnormalities. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]= 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-4.83, P < 0.001), total cholesterol level (OR= 2.92, 95% CI: 1.32-6.50, P = 0.009) and anxiety score (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-2.77, P = 0.017) significantly increased the incidence of BMS. Patients with hyperglycemia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89, P = 0.022), low body mass index (BMI: OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.93, P = 0.026) and low education level (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.91-6.15, P < 0.001) were more likely to suffer from BMS.Conclusions:Oral candidiasis, anemic stomatitis, and dental material allergy with burning symptoms should be excluded from patients with BMS. It is recommended to conduct a questionnaire survey (including anxiety and depression), blood cell analysis, and salivary fungus culture for all patients with an oral burning sensation. It is necessary to conduct a patch test on patients with oral burning sensations and metal restorations.

简介：瞄准：为了由基于人口的盒子控制为前列腺癌症调查可能的关联因素，在中国学习。方法：我们执行了在长春的前列腺癌症的集体屏蔽，中国，使用前列腺特定的抗原由日本国际合作机构帮助了。从1998年6月到2000年12月，超过50岁的3940个人被屏蔽。这些，29个人与前列腺癌症被诊断。我们选择了28个案例并且与低前列腺特定的抗原价值的控制匹配他们(<4.1ng/mL)在1：10根据雇用的年龄和地方。饮食和前列腺癌症的盒子控制研究然后被执行。结果：在为教育的调整以后，身体质量索引(BMI)，吸烟，白酒消费，婚姻和饮食，大豆产品的吸入被发现是相反地与前列腺癌症有关。在不同的天每星期消费了大豆产品多于两次的人有一多变量机会比率(或)0.38(95%信心间隔[CI]，0.13-1.12)。另外，每天消费了大豆产品多于一次的人有一多变量或0.29(95%CI，0.11-0.79)与消费了大豆产品的人相比不到一次每星期。为趋势的P是0.02，它显示出有效差量。在为任何奶店食物的P趋势没有有效差量。甚至当我们由另外的标准匹配盒子和控制时，我们发现大豆食物是与前列腺癌症联系的唯一的预防因素。结论：我们的学习建议大豆的那消费，在亚洲的最流行的食物之一，将减少前列腺癌症的风险。

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate and analyze changes of T lymphocyte and other lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the goal of improving clinical understanding and the value of research applications.Methods:General data of 66 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of Beijing PLA General Hospital from January 2 to March 23, 2020 were collected in this retrospective case-control observational study, and they were divided into mild (n=26), mid-grade (n=19), and severe/critical disease groups (n=21) according to disease severity. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, CD4 absolute counts, CD8 absolute counts, and CD4/CD8 expression ratios of peripheral whole blood among the three patient groups were compared. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA (approval No. 2020-69-D) on May 5, 2020.Results:Among the 66 COVID-19 patients examined, 38 were male and 28 were female, with an average age of 53 ± 17 years. Among patients, 26 cases were mild, 19 cases were mid-grade, and 21 cases were severe/critical. Neutrophils, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios of the severe/critical group were significantly higher compared with mild and mid-grade groups (P < 0.01); however, there was no obvious difference between mid-grade and mild groups (P > 0.05). Lymphocytes, CD4 absolute counts, and CD8+ absolute counts of the severe/critical group were significantly lower compared with mild and mid-grade groups (P < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between mid-grade and mild groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Counts of lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in severe/critically ill patients were decreased, which is of great significance for the identification of severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

简介：AbstractBackground:Early detection of gastric cancer (GC) has been the topic of major efforts in China. This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with GC and to provide evidence for the selection of a high-risk population of GC.Methods:Based on the cancer screening cohort of the National Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, GC patients diagnosed by endoscopy and pathological examinations constituted the case group, and controls were 1:3 matched by sex and age (±5 years) individually. The variables were selected by univariable analysis of factors such as body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, lifestyle, stomach disease history, and family history of GC; and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of GC and to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of related factors and its 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:A total of 215 GC cases and 645 matched healthy controls were included in the final analysis, with a median age of 61 years for the case and control groups. Overall analysis showed that high educational level (above primary school) (OR = 0.362, 95% CI = 0.219-0.599, P < 0.001), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2; OR= 0.489, 95% CI = 0.329-0.726, P < 0.001), cigarette smoking (OR = 3.069, 95% CI = 1.700-5.540, P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.661, 95% CI = 1.028-2.683, P = 0.038), history of stomach disease (OR = 6.917, 95% CI = 4.594-10.416, P < 0.001), and family history of GC in first-degree relatives (OR = 4.291, 95% CI = 1.661-11.084, P = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of GC. Subgroup analyses by age and gender indicated that GC risk was still increased in the presence of a history of stomach disease. A history of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, or gastric polyposis was positively associated with GC, with adjusted ORs of 4.155 (95% CI = 2.711-6.368), 1.839 (95% CI = 1.028-3.288), and 2.752 (95% CI = 1.197-6.326).Conclusions:Subjects who smoke, drink, with history of stomach disease and family history of GC in first-degree relatives are the high-risk populations for GC. Therefore, attention should be paid to these subjects for GC screening.

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简介：Weevaluatedtheefficacyandsafetyofgammaknifestereotacticradiosurgery(GKSR)followedbybevacizumabcombinedwithchemotherapyin11patientswithrecurrentglioblastomamultiformewhoexperiencedtumorprogressiondespiteaggressiveinitial

简介：AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PCSK1 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1) related to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:In this case-control observational study, four candidate SNPs (rs6234, rs155971, rs6232, rs3811951) of PCSK1 were genotyped in 732 NAFLD patients and 823 healthy control participants, all of whom were of ethnic Han Chinese descent. All participants came from Shanghai, China, and joined our study during 2015 to 2016. The frequencies of each allele and genotype, paired linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype were calculated on the SHEsis platform. In addition to SHEsis, five different genetic models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive) were employed to identify the correlation between genotype frequency and NAFLD. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approved No. 2017LCSY069).Results:In a comparison of NAFLD patients and healthy participants, none of the four PCSK1 SNPs were significantly correlated with the occurrence of NAFLD (P>0.05), in either genotypic or allelic distribution. The recessive model of rs3811951 appeared to show a correlation (odds ratio=1.077; 95% confidence interval=0.924-1.256; P=0.04), but there was no statistical significance after Bonferroni correction (Pcorr>0.0125).Conclusions:Four obesity-related PCSK1 SNPs (rs6234, rs155971, rs6232, rs3811951) showed no significant correlation with the development of NAFLD in a Han Chinese population.

简介：AbstractBackground:Geriatric hip fracture patients receiving clopidogrel are a surgical challenge. In China, most of these patients undergo delayed surgical treatment after clopidogrel withdrawal for at least 5 to 7 days. However, delayed surgery is associated with increased complications and mortality in the older adults. This retrospective paralleled comparison study investigated the safety of early surgery for geriatric hip fracture patients within 5 days of clopidogrel withdrawal.Methods:Acute hip fracture patients (≥65 years) who were hospitalized in the orthogeriatric co-management ward of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between November 2016 and April 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty patients taking clopidogrel before injury and discontinued <5 days before surgery constituted the clopidogrel group. The control group constituted 60 patients not taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs and matched 1:1 with the clopidogrel group for sex, fracture type, operative procedure, and time from injury to operation (±10 h). The primary outcome was perioperative blood loss and the secondary outcomes were transfusion requirement, complications, and mortality. The Student’s t test or Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for continuous variables and the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables.Results:Age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and percentage undergoing general anesthesia were comparable between the groups (P > 0.050). The percentages of patients with coronary heart disease (61.7% vs. 18.3%; P < 0.001) and cerebrovascular disease (45.0% vs. 15.0%; P < 0.010) were significantly higher in the clopidogrel vs. control groups, respectively. The median clopidogrel discontinuation time before operation was 73.0 (range: 3.0-120.0) h. There was no significant difference in the estimated perioperative blood loss between the clopidogrel group (median: 745 mL) and control group (median: 772 mL) (P = 0.866). The intra-operative transfusion rate was higher in the clopidogrel group (22/60, 36.7%) than that in the control group (12/60, 20.0%) (P < 0.050). However, there was no significant difference in the blood transfusion rate during the entire perioperative period (26/60, 43.3% vs. 20/60, 33.3%; clopidogrel group vs. control group, respectively; P > 0.050). There was no significant difference in perioperative complications, and 30-day and 1-year mortality rates between the groups.Conclusions:Early hip fracture surgery is safe for elderly patients within 5 days of clopidogrel withdrawal, without increased perioperative blood loss, transfusion requirement, complications, and mortality compared with patients not taking antiplatelet drugs.

简介：维生素D受体(VDR)多型性作为潜在的贡献者被学习了到多重硬化(MS)。然而，出版了研究关于学习设计和检测的效果的意义不同。这研究的目的是确定与在用元分析的MS的VDR多型性接近的TaqI，BsmI，ApaI和FokI联系的风险的大小。为系统的评论和元分析指南跟随比较喜欢的报导项目，我们进行了文学的系统的搜索和元分析。亚群分析被执行从选择学习特征检测异质的潜在的来源。概括风险的稳定性用敏感分析被评估。元分析从13盒子控制研究包括了3300个案例和3194控制的一个总数。没有重要协会，在TaqI和BsmI多型性和MS风险之间发现。在ApaI多型性和MS风险之间的协会是重要的在同型结合并且codominant模型(P=；0.013并且P=；0.031，分别地)，建议AAApaI遗传型可能是一个重要MS风险因素。出版年和年龄显著地影响了在TaqI多型性和MS之间的协会(P=；0.014并且P=；0.010，分别地)，它显示主要T等位基因的保护的效果。AAApaI和FFFokI遗传型是为MS的重要风险因素。在TaqI多型性和MS风险之间的协会被学习特征显著地影响。

简介：瞄准：把在病人之间的标准肝炎B(HBV)种痘的反应与长期的丙肝作比较病毒(HCV)感染和健康个人。方法：这是未来的盒子控制研究。有长期的HCV感染和40健康控制的38个病人的一个总数被包括。种痘被20大杯recombinantHBsAg的注射在瞬间0，1和6点执行进三角肌肌肉。Anti-HBs集中是在最后剂量以后决定了3瞬间并且在二个组之间比较了。反应模式是被描绘(1)高反应当anti-HBs抗体效价是>时100IU/L，(2)低反应当效价是10-100IU/L时并且(3)没有反应当效价是<时10IU/L。结果：在耐心的组，有10/38(26.3%)非应答者，8/38(21.1%)低应答者并且20/38(52.6%)高应答者。在控制组的相应价值是2/40(5.0%)，7/40(17.5%)和31/40(77.5%)分别地。反应模式在二个组之间是统计上不同的。在里面多变量分析，吸烟是重要confounder，当HCV感染与更低的抗体反应失去了它的重要关联时。结论：有长期的HCV感染的病人趋于与健康个人相比对HBV种痘微弱地作出回应，尽管这关联不是独立的根据多变量分析。

简介：瞄准：调查白酒剂量的协会，与反常白酒相关的肝损伤指示物喝和肥胖的持续时间，在中国的岛人口的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行。方法：从中国的岛人口的使随机化的多级式的成层的簇采样在基于人口的盒子控制学习被使用。然后，会见，体格检查，实验室评价和ultrasonography被做。结果：每日的白酒吸入>=20g，喝5年和肥胖是的>=的持续时间仔细与白酒相关的肝损伤有关(P<0.05)。机会比率(或)(95%CI)是1.965(1.122-3.442)，3.412(1.789-6.507)并且1.887(1.261-2.824)分别地。在20g日报白酒吸入组织的>=和20g日报白酒吸入组织的<的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行率分别地是37.14%和12.06%。在喝的5年组织的>=和喝的5年组织的<的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行率分别地是34.44%和8.53%。没有重要剂量反应关系在每日的白酒吸入和反常白酒相关的肝损伤指示物之间以及在喝和反常白酒相关的肝损伤指示物的持续时间之间被发现。在在喝组和黄米饭酒喝酒组，的啤酒之间的白酒相关的肝损伤的流行没有有效差量烈性酒喝酒组，多重喝酒组。结论：每日的白酒吸入的风险阀值是喝导致白酒相关的肝损伤的20g和持续时间在中国的岛人口的5年。肥胖导致的肝损伤应该被担心。

简介：AbstractObjective:To identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma (AEG) of the esophagogastric junction.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study of 903 patients with Siewert type II/III AEG treated from January 2012 to January 2015 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital in China. All patients underwent gastrectomy, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify associations with anastomotic leakage. Independent risk factors were identified by binary logistic regression. The 2-year disease-free survival was calculated and compared between patients with anastomotic leakage and control patients. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanxi Medical University (approval No. 2014-09-39) on September 19, 2014.Results:Out of the 903 patients were included in the study, 80 (8.86%, 80/903) experienced anastomotic leakage. The mortality rate attributed to anastomotic leakage was 8.75% (7/80). Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio (OR)=3.249, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.569-6.725, P=0.002), type of reconstruction (OR=1.795, 95% CI: 1.026-3.142, P=0.040), and combined organ resection (OR=1.807, 95% CI: 1.069-3.055, P=0.027) were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage.Conclusion:Preoperative hypoalbuminemia, type of reconstruction, and combined organ resection were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing gastrectomy for Siewert type II/III AEG.

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the association of rs5210 in potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Six hundred and thirty-two uncorrelated pregnancy females were recruited in Tongji hospital from October 2017 to June 2018, in which 241 pregnant women were identified as GDM, and 391 were non-GDM. All the pregnant women recruited in this study their peripheral venous blood of 5 mL were withdrawn, and DNA in the blood was extracted. rs5210 in KCNJ11 were genotyped using TaqMan Assays and genotype models were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.Results:After adjusting age and body mass index, the variant genotypes of rs5210 in genotype models were as follows: P for dominant model was 0.945, (odd ratio: 0.987, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.681-1.430); P for recessive model: 0.556, (odd ratio: 1.217, 95% CI: 0.633-2.343) and P for addictive model was 0.098 (genotype AA vs. GG), (odds ratio: 1.435, 95% CI: 0.936-2.201). Weight-gain during pregnancy and total cholesterol were significantly different in recessive model (P= 0.015, P= 0.022, respectively) of all participants.Conclusion:No significant association between gene susceptibility of rs5210 in KCNJ11 and GDM occurrence in Chinese pregnant women. But the variant of rs5210 was associated with weight-gain during pregnancy and total cholesterol blood levels. However, more cases are needed in genetic study to check its susceptibility with GDM occurrence in Chinese women.

简介：AbstractBackground:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genome-wide association studies in non-Asian population revealed a link between COPD and mutations in the PTCH1 gene encoding Patched1, a receptor in the Hedgehog signaling pathway important for lung morphogenesis and pulmonary function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PTCH1 polymorphisms and the COPD risk in the Chinese Han population.Methods:We performed a case-control study including 296 patients with COPD and 300 healthy individuals. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the PTCH1 gene were identified and genotyped based on the linkage disequilibrium analysis in all participants. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, and smoking.Results:In total, 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in patients with COPD. Among them, "A" allele of rs28491365 (OR: 1.388, 95% CI: 1.055-1.827, P = 0.018), and "G" alleles of rs10512248 (OR: 1.299, 95% CI: 1.021-1.653, P = 0.033) and rs28705285 (OR: 1.359, 95% CI: 1.024-1.803, P = 0.033; respectively) were significantly associated with an increased COPD risk. Genetic model analysis revealed that the "T/T" genotype of rs34695652 was associated with a decreased COPD risk under the recessive model (OR: 0.490, 95% CI: 0.270-0.880, P = 0.010), whereas rs28504650/rs10512248 haplotype CG was significantly associated with an increased COPD risk after adjustment for age, gender, and smoking status (OR: 6.364, 95% CI: 1.220-33.292, P = 0.028).Conclusions:The study provides a new insight into the role of PTCH1 polymorphisms in the susceptibility to COPD in the Chinese Han population.

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简介：AIMTo调查锰superoxidedismutase(MnSOD)的协会有糖尿病的retinopathy(医生)的Val16Ala多型性.METHODSPubMed，Embase，中国知识基础结构，和Wanfang数据库被寻找。分享的机会比率(ORs)和95%信心间隔(CI)被计算评估协会的力量。亚群，敏感，和累积分析被执行。出版偏爱也是analyzed.RESULTSEight研究在分享的分析被包括。MnSODVal16Ala多型性在主导的模型下面与医生的风险被联系(OR=0.66，95%CI=0.48-0.91，P<0.0001)，这结果被表明在累积分析相对稳定。没有重要出版偏爱被发现。这多型性也在主导的模型下面在白种人与医生的风险被联系(OR=0.64，95%CI=0.42-0.97，P=0.04，)并且在在后退的模型下面的亚洲人(OR=0.31，95%CI=0.11-0.88，P=0.03).CONCLUSIONThese调查结果建议MnSODVal16Ala多型性是为医生的一个风险因素，并且更多的注意竟然对这些危险性基因的搬运人被给予。

简介：AbstractObjective:Venlafaxine is a common antidepressant and its therapeutic effect varies among people with different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC17A7 gene are associated with the treatment outcome of venlafaxine in a Chinese Han population with major depressive disorder.Methods:This prospective pharmacogenetic case-control study that involved genotyping of four SNPs of SLC17A7 was conducted on 175 major depressive disorder patients of Chinese Han origin, aged 18 to 65 years, participated in the study from April 2005 to September 2006. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies of all SNPs were performed between the responder/remission group and the nonresponder/nonremission group. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sichuan University (approval No. 20151112-265).Results:The allele and genotype frequencies of the four candidate SNPs in SCL17A7 showed no significant difference between responders and nonresponders. Meanwhile, no significant difference was detected in the four investigated SLC17A7 SNPs between patients who did and did not exhibit remission. Although one of the investigated SLC17A7 variants (rs1578944) demonstrated a significant association (P=0.022) with a response to venlafaxine after 6 weeks of treatment in the survival analysis, the association was unclear after a Bonferroni multiple comparisons test was conducted.Conclusion:No significant association exists between the four candidate SNPs (rs1043558, rs1320301, rs1578944, and rs74174284) in SLC17A7 and venlafaxine treatment in the Chinese Han population.

简介：AbstractBackground:The association of lipids and cancer has varied greatly among different cancer types, lipid components and study populations. This study is aimed to investigate the association of serum lipids and the risk of malignant lesions in esophageal squamous epithelium.Methods:In the "Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China" (ESECC) trial, serum samples were collected and tested for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at the time of subject enrollment. Cases were defined as malignant esophageal lesions identified by baseline endoscopic examination or by follow-up to May 31, 2018. Controls were randomly selected using incidence density sampling in the same cohort. Conditional logistic models were applied to identify the association of serum lipids and the risk of malignant esophageal lesions. Effect modification was evaluated by testing interaction terms of the factor under assessment and these serum lipid indicators.Results:No consistent association between serum lipid levels and esophageal malignant lesions were found in a pooled analysis of 211 cases and 2101 controls. For individuals with a family history of esophageal cancer (EC), high TC, and LDL-C were associated with a significantly increased risk of having malignant lesions (odds ratio [OR]Highvs.Low TC = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-4.35; ORHighvs.Low LDL-C = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.01-3.65). However, a negative association was observed in participants without an EC family history (ORHighvs.Low TC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.98, Pinteraction = 0.002; ORHighvs.Low LDL-C = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.76, Pinteraction < 0.001).Conclusions:In this study, we found that the association of serum lipids and malignant esophageal lesions might be modified by EC family history. The stratified analysis would be crucial for population-based studies investigating the association of serum lipids and cancer. The mechanism by which a family history of EC modifies this association warrants further investigation.