简介：Factorsaffectingfoulingofdepentanizerinethyleneunitswereexploredthroughstudyofthecompositionofpyrolysisgasoline,C5distillateandfoulingdepositsfromthedepentanizerwhiletakingintoconsiderationtheprocessingparameters.Avarietyofantifoulingmeasures,inparticulartheinjec-tionofaspecialanti-foulingagentintotheCsgasphasepipelineandtheC5distillaterefluxpipelinewereintroduced.Commercialevaluationtestofamultifunctionalanti-foulingagent,theRIPP-1404anti-foulingagent,wasalsodescribed.

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简介：Inthepresentstudythemembranefoulinginmicrofiltrationusedforcellharvestinginadeadendsystemhasbeeninvestigated.experimentalresultswereanalysedintermsofexitingmembranefiltrationmodelsandmembraneresistances.Thecakefiltrationmodel(CFM)andstandardblockingmodel(SBM)havebeenconsideredinthisstudy.Variousmembraneresistancesweredeterminedatdifferentprocessingtime,feedconcentrationandstirringspeed.Resistancestopermeationinthissystemincludefiltermedium,poreblocking,adsorption,cakelayerandconcentrationpolarization.

简介：ThispaperreportstheinfluencesofheattransfersurfacepropertiesontheformationofCaSO4foulingdepositionduringflowboilingheattransfer.Thesurfacesofseveraltestheatershavebeentreatedbysurfacemodificationtechniques.suchasdynamicmixingionbeamimplantationanddynamicmixingmagnetronsputteringtoreducesurfaceenergy.Foulingrunswiththeseheaterswerecarriedoutatdifferentheatfluxes,flowvelocitiesandsaltconcentrations.TheresultsshowthatheattransfersurfaceswithlowsurfaceenergyexperiencedsignificantlyareducedformationofCaSO4deposit.

简介：ThetestpanelshavebeensetforoneyearinthewatersofDaguanbanreclamationareaofLuoyuanBaytoinvestigatetheecologyoffoulingcommunity.39speciesofanimalsand8speciesofalgaehavebeenrecordedduringtheinvestigation.ThemainperiodofsettlementextendsfromMaytoOctober.ThepeakperiodsofbiomassandcoveredarearateofthepanelshavebeenobservedfromJunetoSeptemberBalanusreticulatus,Bugulaneritina,Molgulamanhattensis,TubulariamesembryanthemunandEnteromophainterstinalisarethedominantspeciesinthefoulingcommunity.Speciesdiversityindex,speciesrichness,speciesevennessandenvironmentalfactorsaredetermined,theresultsofwhichindicatethatwaterflowspeedisthemostimportantfactorinfluencingthespeciesandquantitycompositionofthefoulingcommunity.Astothemaricultureproductioninthereclamationarea,themainharmfulperiodrangesfromJunetoSeptember.

简介：Theinfluenceofmembranefoulingontheretentionofthetraceorganiccontaminantsulfamethoxazolebyananofiltration(NF)processwasinvestigated.Organicfoulingcausedaseverefluxdeclinepossiblyduetoporeblockingandadsorptiondirectlyafterthecommencementofthefoulinglayerdevelopment.Suchmembrane-foulantinteractionswereabsentforcolloidalfouling,whichresultedinamoregradualfluxdecline.Membranechargeplayedasignificantroleintheseparationprocessofinorganicsalts,wheretheretentionwasthehighestinacausticenvironment(highpH)duetomoreswollenmembranematerialcausedbythehighernegativechargeonthemembrane.Organicfoulingandacombinationofcolloidalandorganicfoulingledtoasignificantincreaseinthemembranenegativecharge.Theinfluenceofmembranefoulingonsoluteretentionwasdependentonthefoulingbehaviourandthephysicochemicalpropertiesofthemodelfoulants,wherethemodelfoulantsprobablycontributedtoanincreaseintheretentionofchargedsolutesduetoenhancedelectrostaticinteractions.Organicfoulingcausedanincreaseintheretentionofinorganicsaltsandsulfamethoxazoleduetoporeblocking.Incontrast,colloidalfoulingcausedadecreaseintheretentionofinorganicsaltsduetocake-enhancedconcentrationpolarisation.However,thepresenceofacolloidalfoulinglayerdidnotreducetheretentionofsulfamethoxazole.Amixtureofcolloidalandorganicmatterimprovedtheretentionofinorganicsalts.AsimilarconclusioncanbeinferredforsulfamethoxazoleatpH4whenthecompoundexistsinaneutralform.

简介：InordertounderstandthetypeandextentofmarinefoulinginoffshoreareassoutheastoftheZhujiang(Pearl)Riverdelta,withintheperiodformMay1986toJune1987,twobiologicalbuoysweredeployedatwaterdepthsof95mand113mlocatedin114kmand160kmoffthecoastofHongKong,respectively.Moreover,thefoulingcommunityofaMarexhydrologicalbuoylocatedin115mdepthwater172kmoffHongKongwasalsosurveyed.Theresultsshowthatatotalof78specieswerecollectedandidentified.Thepanelsexposedfor3monthsweremainlydominatedbystalkedbarnaclesConchodermahunteriandLepasanatiferaandhydroidsOrthopyxissp.Asforthebuoys,includingthesubsurfacebuoy,andtheirmooringsystemsexposedfor6and12months,respectively,somehardfoulerssuchascommonoysters,pearloysters,acornbarnaclesandbryozoanswerealsofound.Thecompositionsoffoulingcommunitiesalsovariedgreatlywithdepth.

简介：题目：膜生物反应器处理港口含油废水的膜污染行为及群落结构演变研究目的：采用膜生物反应器处理港口含油废水。考察运行过程中膜污染行为特征，分析引起膜污染的关键影响因素，研究减弱膜污染的途径与方法；考察反应器内群落结构演变，分离鉴定优势菌种，揭示运行条件和进水水质等宏观环境与微生物微环境之间的对应关系。创新点：1．分析出膜表面累积的胞外蛋白是膜污染严重和过膜压力增大的关键诱因；2．基于YusufChisti和MurrayMooYoung提出的气提液体上升流速模型，结合胞外蛋白变化趋势，提出降低过膜压力上升速度和缓解膜污染进程的有效措施：3．针对处理港口含油废水的生物系统进行种群结构研究及优势菌属的分离与鉴定。方法：1．借助环境扫描电子显微镜（sEM）、能量色散x射线光谱仪（EDX）和傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）等分析手段表征膜污染物的主要成分；2，基于YusufChisti和MurrayMooYoung提出的气提液体上升流速模型，提出缓解膜污染进程的措施，并验证所提措施的有效性（图3和9）；3．通过巢式PCR-DGGE技术对处理港口含油废水的膜生物反应器不同运行阶段的微生物群落结构进行研究，并采用克隆技术对优势微生物进行菌种鉴定（图10和表3）。结论：1．采用一体化厌氧／好氧．膜生物反应器来处理港口含油废水的优点是对有机污染物和油类等污染物的去除效率高，但在其运行过程中膜污染严重。2．分析发现胞外聚合物是引起膜污染物的主要因素（图3-6）；组分分析进一步表明膜表面累积的胞外蛋白是膜污染严重和过膜压力增大的关键诱因（图7～9）。3．通过增大反应器曝气量，调整反应器结构参数可有效降低过膜压力上升速度，缓解膜污染进程。4．反应器内细菌群落结构平稳。5．克隆测序结果表明：膜�

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