简介：

简介：摘要BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESTranscranial magnetic stimulation may represent an effective means for improving motor function in the elderly. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of paired associative stimulation (PAS; a plasticity-inducing transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm) on acquisition of a novel visuomotor task in young and older adults.METHODSFourteen young (20.4±0.6 years) and 13 older (69.0±1.6 years) adults participated in 3 experimental sessions during which training was preceded (primed) by PAS. Within each session, the interstimulus interval used for PAS was set at either the N20 latency plus 5 ms (PASLTP), the N20 latency minus 10 ms (PASLTD), or a constant 100 ms (PASControl).RESULTSAfter training, the level of motor skill was not different between PAS conditions in young subjects (all p-values > 0.2), but was reduced by both PASLTP (P＝0.02) and PASLTD (P＝0.0001) in older subjects.CONCLUSIONPriming PAS was detrimental to skill acquisition in older adults, possibly suggesting a need for interventions that are optimized for use in elderly populations.

简介：摘要：牛津版高中英语教材由7个独立板块组成，其中Task板块对调动学生学习积极性和活跃课堂氛围有重要作用。Task板块开放性强，对教师的教学提出了挑战，如何有效应用Task板块，在调动学生学习热情的基础上实现教学目标是本文要研究的重要问题。文章基于开放输出活动，以Task板块的话题为例，进行教学研究，以供参考。

简介：无

简介：摘要BACKGROUNDPatients with COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 will most probably have a need for rehabilitation during and directly after the hospitalisation. Data on safety and efficacy are lacking. Healthcare professionals cannot wait for published randomised controlled trials before they can start these rehabilitative interventions in daily clinical practice, as the number of post-COVID-19 patients increases rapidly. The Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations and Evidence process was used to make interim recommendation for the rehabilitation in the hospital and post-hospital phase in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients, respectively.METHODS93 experts were asked to fill out 13 multiple choice questions. Agreement of directionality was tabulated for each question. At least 70% agreement on directionality was necessary to make consensus suggestions.RESULTS76 experts (82%) reached consensus on all questions based upon indirect evidence and clinical experience on the need for early rehabilitation during the hospital admission, the screening for treatable traits with rehabilitation in all patients at discharge and 6-8 weeks after discharge, and around the content of rehabilitation for these patients. It advocates for assessment of oxygen needs at discharge and more comprehensive assessment of rehabilitation needs including physical as well as mental aspects 6-8 weeks after discharge. Based on the deficits identified multidisciplinary rehabilitation should be offered with attention for skeletal muscle and functional as well as mental restoration.CONCLUSIONSThis multinational task force recommends early, bedside rehabilitation for patients affected by severe COVID-19. The model of pulmonary rehabilitation may suit as a framework, particularly in a subset of patients with long term respiratory consequences.