简介:TheOctober23,2011M7.2Tabanli-VanandNovember9,2011M5.2Edremit–VanearthquakescauseddamageinawidespreadareaacrosstheVanprovinceinTurkey.Thegroundmotions,thedamagecausedbytheseearthquakesandtherecentprogressrelatedtorecoveryeffortsarepresentedherein.First,thekeypropertiesoftherecordedstronggroundmotionslikespectralamplitudesanddirectionalityareevaluated.Theobserveddamageintheaffectedreinforcedconcreteandmasonrystructuresarediscussed.Thesetofcommonstructuraldamagemechanisms(i.e.,softstoryfailure,torsionalresponseduetoplanirregularity,shortcolumnfailure,pulloutfailure,pounding)observedinthedamagedbuildingswereidentified.Therelationshipbetweenthekeystructuralpropertiesandtheextentofdamageisinvestigated.Theprimarylossdriversacrosstheregionwereidentifiedtobethepoorqualityofworkmanshipandimproperuseofbuildingmaterials.Theresultsfromtheinvestigationsuggestthatalargeportionofthelosscouldhavebeenpreventedifsufficientattentionandcareweregiventotheimplementationofthedesignregulationsandinparticulartotheconstructionpractice.Lastly,therecentprogressintheongoingrebuildingactivitiesispresented.
简介:Anoperationalthree-dimensionaloilspillmodelisdevelopedbytheNationalMarineEnvironmentalForecastingCenter(NMEFC),StateOceanicAdministration,China,andthemodelhasbeenrunningfor9a.OnJune4and17,2011,oilisspilledintotheseawaterfromtwoseparateoilplatformsintheBohaiBay,i.e.,PlatformsBandCofPenglai19-3oilfield.Thespillcausespollutionofthousandsofsquarekilometresofseaarea.TheNMEFC'soilspillmodelisemployedtostudythePenglai19-3oil-spillpollutionduringJunetoAugust2011.ThewindfinalanalysisdataoftheNMEFC,whichisbasedonaweatherresearchandforecasting(WRF)model,areanalyzedandcorrectedbycomparingwiththeobservationdata.Acorrectedcurrentfiledisobtainedbyforcingtheprincetonoceanmodel(POM)withthecorrectedwindfield.Withtheabovemarineenvironmentalfieldforcingtheoilspillmodel,theoilmassbalanceandoildistributioncanbeproduced.Thesimulationisvalidatedagainsttheobservation,anditisconcludedthattheoilspillmodeloftheNMEFCisabletocommendablysimulatetheoilspilldistribution.ThustheNMEFC'soilspillmodelcanprovideatoolinanenvironmentalimpactassessmentaftertheevent.