简介：目的探讨运用示教与反示教在年龄相关性白内障患者滴眼药护理中的效果。方法将100例患者随机分为实验组和对照组各50例，对照组采用传统的健康教育。实验组采用示教与反示教进行健康教育。由培训过的责任护士对患者有计划地从入院到出院，给予全程、个体化的示教与反示教健康教育。结果实验组患者在滴眼药知识、技能掌握及对护理工作满意度方面优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P0．05），术后一周并发症的发生率明显低于对照组（P〈O．05）。结论运用示教与反示教对患者实施健康教育，可达到提高患者滴眼药的技能，自我效能感增加，遵医行为增强，自护能力提高，减少术后并发症，提高护理满意度。

简介：目的：比较泪道探通治疗对三个年龄组的先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者的成功率。方法：共180例先天性鼻泪管阻塞患者根据年龄分为3组,Ⅰ组（4～6mo）,Ⅱ组（7～12mo）和Ⅲ组（13～24mo）,均行泪道探通治疗。症状体征均消失为治疗成功的标准。用卡方检验分析结果。结果：Ⅰ组治疗成功率为100.0%,Ⅱ组治疗成功率为88.5%,Ⅲ组治疗成功率为82.3%,总的治愈率为90.7%。结论：泪道探通治疗的有效性随着年龄的增加降低。在6mo时行泪道探通治疗的孩子成功率最高,能完全消除症状。

简介：AIM:Tocharacterizetemporalpatternofresolutionandrecurrenceofnaivechoroidalneovascularization(CNV)secondarytowetage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)treatedwithintravitrealbevacizumabonasneededregimen,andtoanalyzebaselineriskfactorsforCNVresolutionorrecurrence.METHODS:Ninety-oneeyesof80patientswithnewlydiagnosedwetAMDwereretrospectivelystudied.Alleyesweretreatedwitharoundofthreemonthlyintravitrealbevacizumabinjections,followedbyoneadditional’bonus’injectionafterresolutionofCNVactivity.Duringfollow-up,eyesweremonitoredwithfluoresceinangiography,opticalcoherencetomography,andbest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA).IncaseofrecurrencesofCNVactivity,eyeswereretreatedwithotherroundsofbevacizumabinjectionsfollowingthesametreatmentprotocol.RESULTS:Overamedianfollow-upof532d,themedianresolutiontimeofCNVactivityinthefirst,second,andthirdtreatmentroundwas98d,126d,and111d,respectively.Themedianrecurrencetimeforthethreeroundswas154d,126d,and151d,respectively.Nosignificantdifferenceinresolutiontime(P=0.09)orinrecurrencetime(P=0.11)wasdetectedamongtreatmentrounds.Age(P=0.0082)andlensstatus(P=0.035)werefoundtobeassociatedwithCNVresolution;forevery1-yearincreaseinagetherewas4%greaterchanceofCNVresolution;Phakiceyesdemonstrateda33%betterchancetoexperienceCNVresolutionthanpseudophakiceyes.ForCNVrecurrence,lensstatus(P=0.0009)andgender(P=0.0446)werefoundtobepredictive;pseudophakiceyeshada3.69-foldgreaterrisktoexperiencerecurrenceofCNVactivitycomparedtophakiceyes;maleshada2.19-foldgreaterrisktoexperiencerecurrenceofCNVactivitythanfemales.NosignificantBCVAchangesamongthreetreatmentroundswerenoted(P=0.56).CONCLUSION:ResolutiontimeandrecurrencetimeofCNVactivitywerenotsignificantlydifferentamongtreatmentrounds,suggestingabsenceoftachyphylaxistobevacizumab.Acautiousdecisionshouldbemadeupondisco

简介：目的通过超声乳化白内障吸除术对不同年龄段老年患者角膜内皮的影响的观察,探讨年龄和角膜内皮功能的相关性。方法不同年龄段的年龄相关性白内障患者（排除眼部其他疾患和糖尿病全身病）78例（83眼）,分为66岁以下、66-73岁、74-84岁、85岁以上四个年龄组,给予超声乳化白内障吸除手术治疗,以非接触眼科专用角膜内皮镜,测量手术前后角膜内皮细胞的数量,对手术前后角膜内皮的减少数值进行统计分析。结果同组术前、术后角膜内皮细胞减少有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,各组间因手术影响的减少值之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论高龄老年患者角膜内皮对手术损伤的敏感性高,术前应对角膜内皮细胞的功能评估应结合年龄段重新评估。

简介：目的探讨超声乳化吸除透明晶体联合人工晶体植入术治疗50岁以上超高度近视的临床疗效。方法对33例(62眼)50岁以上超高度近视患者行透明晶体超声乳化吸除联合人工晶体植入术,行前后囊抛光。平均随访1年,观察视力及并发症发生情况。结果术后视力0.2~0.8。术中1例后囊膜破裂,2例出现后囊不同程度混浊,予以YAG激光后囊切开,术后随访无视网膜脱离等并发症。结论50岁以上超高度近视患者行透明晶体超声乳化吸除人工晶体植入可获得较好的疗效,是安全、有效的治疗方法。

简介：目的探讨6～10岁屈光不正儿童复方托品酰胺与阿托品电脑验光结果的差异性.方法对诊断为屈光不正的6～10岁患儿92人(184眼),先后分别给予复方托品酰胺验光和阿托品验光,并对其结果进行比较分析.结果(1)对既往持续戴镜的不伴内斜的远视眼,其结果符合率为97.22%;对未曾戴镜的远视眼,其结果符合率为10%.(2)对既往持续戴镜的近视眼,其结果符合率为100%;未戴镜的近视眼,其结果符合率为61.76%.结论对既往持续戴镜的不伴内斜的屈光不正儿童,复方托品酰胺验光可以代替阿托品验光.

简介：目的：对湖北地区20～29岁人群的角膜散光情况与不同近视度数的关系进行调查,找出其变化规律。方法：用角膜地形图对随机抽取的2254例湖北地区20～29岁青年居民进行散光度、轴向及近视度数的测定,并分析其变化规律。结果：湖北地区20～29岁居民中,各个近视度段散光在26°～150°范围内所占人数比例最大,各个近视度段均呈现顺规散光人数多于逆规散光。其中女性高度近视段约为75.3%,中度近视段约为82.7%,低度近视段约为87.2%;男性高度近视段约为74.6%,中度近视段约为83.0%,低度近视段约为82.3%。20～29岁男性高度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于其他两组;女性低度近视段顺规散光人数比例低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义。20～29岁人群中女性中度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于同近视度男性组,且女性总体组顺规散光人数比例高于男性总体组,差异有统计学意义。20～29岁男、女性高度近视组200°以内散光人数比例均低于中度近视组,差异有统计学意义。结论：湖北地区20～29岁居民中,各个近视度段散光在26°～150°范围内所占人数比例最大,且各个近视度段不论男女均呈现顺规散光人数多于逆规散光;男性高度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于其他两组,女性低度近视段顺规散光人数比例低于其他两组;女性中度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于同近视度男性组,且女性总体组顺规散光人数比例高于男性总体组;男、女性高度近视组200°以内散光人数比例均低于中度近视组。

简介：目的探讨生物羊膜在60岁以上老人原发性闭角型青光眼滤过手术中应用效果.方法对临床收治的60岁以上原发性闭角型青光眼58例（70只眼）行小梁切除联合羊膜移植术观察其临床疗效,包括眼压,滤过泡,视力及并发症等方面的评估.结果术后第1天,第1周,第1、3、6月眼压均控制良手术成功率高,副反应小.讨论60岁以上老人眼球尤其是角膜缘处发生特殊的组织学改变,使其青光眼滤过手术中丝裂霉素C等的使用更加受限,而生物羊膜副反应较小,且可以长期有效的降低眼压,提高手术成功率.

简介：AIM:Todeterminewhethersinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)rs641153isassociatedwiththeriskofage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD),weperformedasystematicmeta-analysisof15eligiblestudies.SNPinthecomplementfactorB(CFB)geneisconsideredtohavesignificantassociationwithAMDsusceptibility,butthereisgreatdiscrepancyintheseresults.METHODS:TheeligiblestudieswereidentifiedbysearchingthedatabasesofPubMed,EMBASE,andWebofScience.Oddsratios(ORs)with95%confidenceintervals(CIs)wereusedtoassesstheassociation.AlldatawereanalyzedusingStatasoftware.RESULTS:Theassociationbetweenrs641153andAMDriskwasstatisticallysignificantunderthehomozygousmodel(AAvsGG:OR=0.26,95%CI=0.15-0.45,P_h=0.973,/~2=0.0%,fixedeffects),dominantmodel(AA+GAvsGG:OR=0.49,95%CI=0.40-0.59,P_h=0.004,/~2=56.4%,randomeffects)andrecessivemodel(AAvsGA+GG:OR=0.30,95%CI=0.17-0.51,R_n=0.983,I~2=0.0%,fixedeffects).Thesameresultswerealsoobservedinthestratifiedanalysesbyethnicity,sourceofcontrolandsamplesize.CONCLUSION:Ourmeta-analysissuggeststhatrs641153intheCFBgenemayplayaprotectiveroleinAMDsusceptibility,thelateAMDinparticular,bothinCaucasiansandinAsians.

简介：AIM:ToIntroduceanewspecializedvisualacuitychartforamblyopicchildrenaged3-5yearsoldanditsclinicalapplications.METHODS:ThenewvisualacuitychartandnotationsweredesignedbasedonWeber-Fechnerlaw.Theoptotypeswereredagainstawhitebackgroundandwerespeciallyshapedfourbasicgeometricsymbols:circle,square,triangle,andcross.Aregulargeometricprogressionoftheoptotypesizesanddistributionwasemployedtoarrangein14lines.Theprogressionrateoftheoptotypesizebetweentwolineswas1.2589andthetestingdistancewas3m.VisualacuityscorecouldberecordedaslogMARnotationordecimalnotation.Agestratifieddiagnosticcriteriaforamblyopiaestablishedbyconsensusstatementondiagnosisofamblyopia(2011)amongmembersoftheStrabismusandPediatricOphthalmologyGroup,OphthalmologySociety,ChineseMedicalAssociation(SPOGOSCMA)wereillustratedinthenewvisualacuitychart.RESULTS:Whenassessingvisualacuityinchildrenaged3-5yearsold,thisnewvisualacuitychartthatconsistsoffoursymmetricalshapes(triangle,square,cross,andcircle)overcameaninabilitytorecognizethelettersofthealphabetanddifficultiesindesignatingthedirectionofblackabstractsymbolssuchasthetumbling’E’orLandolt’C’,whichthesubjectswerepronetoloseinterestin.Thevisualacuityscoremayberecordedindifferentnotations:decimalacuityandlogMAR.Thesetwonotationscanbeeasilyconvertedeachotherintheneweyechart.Themeasurementsofthisnewchartnotonlyshowedasignificantcorrelationandagoodconsistencywiththeinternationalstandardlogarithmicvisualacuitychart(r=0.932,P<0.01),butalsoindicatedahightest-retestreliability(89%ofretestscoreswerewithin0.1logMARunitsoftheinitialtestscore).CONCLUSION:Theresultsofthisstudysupportthevalidityandreliabilityofdistancevisualacuitymeasurementsusingtheneweyechartinchildrenaged3to5yearsoverawiderangeofvisualacuities,andtheneweyechartisgreatforearl

简介：目的了解上海市普陀区4-7岁儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的患病率及相关危险因素,探讨问卷调查在筛选疑似病例中的价值。方法以班级为单位采取整群抽样的方法从上海市普陀区幼儿园及小学一年级中抽取4-7岁学生6000例,由学生家长填写问卷,再从中随机抽取无打鼾或轻微打鼾者10例,有频繁打鼾症状的儿童42例,行多导睡眠监测。结果实际调查人数5040（应答率为84.0%）,有效问卷4045份（有效率为80.23%）,按睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5次/h、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）≤0.94为标准,根据多导睡眠监测结果,估算上海市4-7岁儿童OSAHS的患病率为3.91%。AHI与腺样体肥大相关性较强（偏相关系数为0.373）;将问卷中打鼾、憋气、反复翻身、夜尿发生率等选项分配一个0-4分的数值,调查问卷得分与AHI呈正相关（r=0.518）。问卷中打鼾、张口呼吸选项的敏感度较高（95%、87%）,特异性一般（67%、79%）;憋气、憋醒选项敏感度一般（66%、29%）,特异度较高（93%、100%）;夜尿及反复翻身选项无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论上海市普陀区4-7岁儿童OSAHS的患病率估计为3.91%,腺样体肥大为患病主要原因;设计合理的调查问卷可用于初步筛选儿童OSAHS疑似病例,对早期诊断和治疗具有重要参考价值。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhether15-Lipoxygenase-1(15-LOX-1)playsanimportantroleintheregulationofangiogenesis,inhibitinghypoxia-inducedproliferationofretinalmicrovascularendothelialcells(RMVECs)andtheunderlyingmechanism.METHODS:PrimaryRMVECswereisolatedfromtheretinasofC57/BL6JmiceandidentifiedbyanevaluationforFITC-markedCD31.ThehypoxiamodelswereestablishedwiththeBio-bagandevaluatedwithablood-gasanalyzer.ExperimentswereperformedusingRMVECstreatedwithandwithouttransferAd-15-LOX-1orAd-vectorbothunderhypoxiaandnormoxiaconditionat12,24,48,72hours.Theefficacyofthegenetransferwasassessedbyimmunofluorescencestaining.CellsproliferationwasevaluatedbytheCCK-8method.RNAandproteinexpressionsof15-LOX-1,VEGF-A,VEGFR-2,eNOsandPPAR-rwereanalyzedbyreal-timereversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)andWesternblot.RESULTS:RoutineevaluationforFITC-markedCD31showedthatcellswerepure.Theresultsofblood-gasanalysisshowedthatwhenthecultureswereexposedtohypoxiaformorethan2hours,thePo2was4.5to5.4Kpa.WeverifiedRMVECscouldbeinfectedwithAd-15-LOX-1orAd-vectorviaFluorescencemicroscopy.CCK-8analysisrevealedthattheproliferativecapacitiesofRMVECsinhypoxicgroupweresignificantlyhigherateachtimepointthantheywereinnormoxicgroup(P<0.05).Inahypoxiccondition,theproliferativecapacitiesofRMVECsin15-LOX-1groupweresignificantlyinhibited(P<0.05).Real-timeRT-PCRanalysisrevealedthattheexpressionsofVEGF-A,VEGF-R2andeNOsmRNAincreasedinhypoxiagroupcomparedwithnormoxiagroup(P<0.01).However,theexpressionsof15-LOX-1,PPAR-rmRNAdecreasedinhypoxiagroupcomparedwithnormoxiagroup(P<0.01).Italsoshowedthatinahypoxiccondition,theexpressionsofVEGF-A,VEGF-R2andeNOsmRNAdecreasedsignificantlyin15-LOX-1groupcomparedwithhypoxiagroup(P<0.01).However,15-LOX-1andPPAR-rmRNAincreasedsigni