简介：Objective:Chroniclymphocyticleukemia(CLL)andmantlecelllymphoma(MCL)cellsover-expressaguanineexchangefactor(GEF),Rasgrf-1.ThisGEFincreasesactiveRasasitcatalyzestheremovalofGDPfromRassothatGTPcanbindandactivateRas.ThisstudyaimstostudythemechanismofactionofRasgrf-1inB-cellmalignancies.Methods:N-terminustruncatedRasgrf-1variantshaveahigherGEFactivityascomparedtothefull-lengthtranscriptthereforeaMCLcelllinewithstableover-expressionoftruncatedRasgrf-1wasestablished.TheB-cellreceptor(BCR)andchemokinesignalingpathwayswerecomparedintheRasgrf-1over-expressingandacontroltransfectedcellline.Results:Cellsover-expressingtruncatedformofRasgrf-1haveahigherproliferativerateascomparedtocontroltransfectedcells.BCRwasactivatedbylowerconcentrationsofanti-IgMantibodyinRasgrf-1over-expressingcellsascomparedtocontrolcellsindicatingthatthesecellsaremoresensitivetoBCRsignaling.BCRsignalingalsophosphorylatesRasgrf-1thatfurtherincreasesitsGEFfunctionandamplifiesBCRsignaling.ThisactivationofRasgrf-1inover-expressingcellsresultedinahigherexpressionofphospho-ERK,AKT,BTKandPKC-alphaascomparedtocontrolcells.BesidesBCR,Rasgrf-1over-expressingcellswerealsomoresensitivetomicroenvironmentstimuliasdeterminedbyresistancetoapoptosis,chemotaxisandERKpathwayactivation.Conclusions:ThisGEFproteinsensitizesB-cellstoBCRandchemokinemediatedsignalingandalsoupregulatesanumberofothersignalingpathwayswhichpromotesgrowthandsurvivalofthesecells.

简介：目的总结AFP阳性胃癌(alpha-fetoprotein-producinggastriccancer,AFPGC)的CT表现,评估CT在AFPGC术前分期中的临床价值.方法由两名放射科医生共同回顾性阅读21例经病理证实的AFPGC术前CT图像,描述原发病灶、脏器受累、淋巴结转移、远处转移、血管侵犯等CT表现,并与病理结果比较,分析其用以术前分期的准确率.结果21例AFPGC术前CT表现如下:15例(71.4％)原发灶为偏心性胃壁增厚,20例(95.2％)原发灶为不均匀强化,6例(28.6％)脏器侵犯,19例(91.5％)淋巴结转移,6例(28.6％)远处转移,13例(61.9％)血管侵犯.CT对AFPGC术前T分期、N分期、M分期及TNM分期的准确率分别为90.5％、71.4％、71.4％和71.4％.结论AFPGC的CT影像表现为不均匀强化的偏心性胃壁增厚,有较强的肝转移、淋巴结转移及周围脏器和血管侵犯的倾向.CT能够较准确地判断AFPGC的术前分期.

简介：ThechronicinfectionofhepatitisBvirus(HBV)iscloselyrelatedtotheoccurrenceanddevelopmentofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).AccumulatedevidencehasshownthatHBVXprotein(HBxprotein)isamultifunctionalregulatorwithacrucialroleinhepatocarcinogenesis.However,informationonthemechanismbywhichHBVinducesHCCislacking.ThisreviewfocusesonthepathologicalfunctionsofHBxinHBV-inducedhepatocarcinogenesis.Asatransactivator,HBxcanmodulatenuclearfactorkappa-light-chain-enhancerofactivatedBcells(NF-κB)andtranscriptionfactorAP-2.Moreover,HBxcanaffectregulatorynon-codingRNAs(ncRNAs)includingmicroRNAsandlongncRNAs(lncRNAs),suchasmiRNA-205andhighlyupregulatedinlivercancer(HULC),respectively.HBxisalsoinvolvedinepigeneticmodification,includingmethylationandacetylation.HBxinteractswithvarioussignal-transductionpathways,suchasproteinkinaseB/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,signaltransducerandactivatoroftranscription,andNF-κBpathways.Moreover,HBxaffectscellularfatebyshiftingthebalancetowardcellsurvival.HBxmayleadtothelossofapoptoticfunctionsordirectlycontributestooncogenesisbyachievingtransformingfunctions,whichinducehepatocarcinogenesis.Additionally,HBxcanmodulateapoptosisandimmuneresponsebydirectorindirectinteractionwithhostfactors.WeconcludethatHBxhastensthedevelopmentofhepatoma.

简介：根据世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）资助的一项最新研究显示，人体血液中维生素B含量较高将有可能降低发生肺癌的风险，这个结果对吸烟、非吸烟以及曾经吸烟的人群是相同的。这项发现将有助于科学家了解肺癌发病的机理，并将对预防其发生提供线索。

简介：目的分析腹膜后良性神经源性肿瘤的MRI表现,以期提高诊断正确率.方法复习经手术及病理证实并行MRI检查的腹膜后良性神经源性肿瘤23例,包括神经鞘瘤10例,肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤8例,神经节细胞瘤及神经纤维瘤各2例,副神经节瘤1例,对肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、边缘及信号特点进行分析.结果23个肿瘤中位于腹膜后脊柱右侧者18例,左侧4例,椎前腹主动脉与下腔静脉之间1例.肿瘤横断面最大径3.1～14.5cm,平均6.5cm.肿瘤呈类球形改变的22例,占95.7%,不规则形仅1例,类球形肿瘤中有10例（45.5%）可见病变部分呈鸟嘴样伸入椎间孔或下腔静脉后.肿瘤边界清楚,T2WI可检出包膜者17例（73.9%）.T1WI肿瘤均以低信号或等信号为主,其中病灶内混杂高信号影2例.T2WI肿瘤信号多不均匀（19例,占82.6%）,内均可见明显高信号区,其中表现为＂靶征＂8例,占全部病例的34.8%,包括神经鞘瘤5例,神经节细胞瘤2例,神经纤维瘤1例,嗜铬细胞瘤无一例出现＂靶征＂.T2WI表现信号均匀4例.增强扫描不均匀强化19例,T2WI肿物内的明显高信号区出现强化10例（52.6%）.T2WI显示＂靶征＂者增强扫描显示＂靶心＂强化.增强扫描均匀强化者4例.结论腹膜后良性神经源性肿瘤的MRI表现有一定特征性,可为肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供依据.

简介：

简介：DuckhepatitisBvims(DHBV)DNAwasdetectedindifferenttumorousnodulesofduckswithhepaticmulticentriccancerorintrahepaticmetastasisbySouthernblottechnique.Among7duckswithhepatocellularcarcinomaofmultipletumornodules,thehybridizationpatternofIntegratedDHBVDNAIndifferenttumorousnoduleswasidenticalin3casesanddifferentin2cases.OnecaseshowedasimilarhybridizationpatternintwotumorousnodulesandotheronewasnegativetorDHBVDNA.IntegratedDHBVDNAwasalsoidentifiedinametastaticlungcancerofduckswithhepatocellularcarcinoma.Thehybridizationpatternofmetastasisoflungswasasthesomeasthatinprimaryhepatocellularcarcinoma.ThesamediscretehybridizationbandsInthedifferenttumorousnodulesindicatethatthesenodulesmightarisefromonetransformedcell.ThedifferenthybridizationpatternsInvarioustumorousnodulesshowthatthesetumorousnodulesmightarisefromvarioustransformedcells.Theresultssuggestthatthehyb

简介：Objective:ToassesstheeffectofantiviraltherapyforhepatitisBvirus(HBV)-relatedhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)afterradicalhepatectomy.Methods:Atotalof478HBV-relatedHCCpatientstreatedbyradicalhepatectomywereretrospectivelycollected.Patientsinthetreatmentgroup(n=141)receivedpostoperativelamivudinetreatment(100mg/d),whereaspatientsinthecontrolgroup(n=337)didnot.Recurrence-freesurvival(RFS)rates,overallsurvival(OS)rates,treatmentsforrecurrentHCCandcauseofdeathwerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups.Propensityscorematching(PSM)analysiswasalsoconductedtoreduceconfoundingbiasbetweenthetwogroups.Results:The1-,3-,and5-yearRFSratesdidn’tsignificantlydifferbetweenthetwogroups(P=0.778);however,the1-,3-,and5-yearOSratesinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.002).Similarresultswereobservedinthematcheddata.SubgroupanalysisshowedthatantiviraltreatmentconferredasignificantsurvivalbenefitforBarcelonaClinicalLiverCancerstageA/Bpatients.FollowingHCCrecurrence,morepeopleinthetreatmentgroupwereabletochoosecurativetreatmentsthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.031).Forcauseofdeath,fewerpeopleinthetreatmentgroupdiedofliverfailurethanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.041).Conclusion:PostoperativeantiviraltherapyincreaseschancesofreceivingcurativetreatmentsforrecurrentHCCandpreventsdeathbecauseofliverfailure,therebysignificantlyprolongingOS,especiallyinearly-orintermedian-stagetumors.

简介：许多人类疾病的发生和发展可归因于一些基因的异常表达，从而导致疾病的发生。其中一部分基因是在核因子kappaB（nuclearfactor-kappaB，NF—κB）调控下进行的。NF—κ是广泛存在于哺乳动物中的转录因子，是由Sen等于1986年首先在B细胞中发现的一种核蛋白。因它能与B细胞免疫球蛋白上的K轻链基因增强子κB序列（GGGACTITCC）特异结合而得名。实际上它能与多种细胞基因的启动子和增强子序列位点发生特异性结合，并促进转录和表达，参与众多与免疫和炎症反应有关的基因转录的调控。它的异常激活或完全抑制与多种疾病的发生有关。在控制细胞增殖、凋亡、肿瘤的发生、发展和耐药问题上均起着重要的作用。因此深入探讨NF—κB在体内病理状态下的活化机制以及其与细胞、基因之间的调节作用具有重要的意义。现就NF—κB的组成、结构、激活途径以及与肿瘤的关系作一综述。

简介：Objective:Cancercellradioresistanceisastumblingblockinradiationtherapy.TheactivityinthenuclearfactorkappaB(NFκB)pathwaycorrelateswithanti-apoptoticmechanismsandincreasedradioresistance.TheIKKcomplexplaysamajorroleinNFκBactivationuponnumeroussignals.Inthisstudy,weexaminedtheinteractionbetweenionizingradiation(IR)anddifferentmembersoftheIKK-NFκBpathway,aswellasupstreamactivators,RAF1,ERK,andAKT1.Methods:Theeffectof4GyofIRontheexpressionoftheRAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκBpathwaywasexaminedinA549andH1299lungcancercelllinesusingWesternblotanalysisandconfocalmicroscopy.WeexaminedchangesinradiationsensitivityusinggenesilencingorpharmacologicalinhibitorsofERKandIKKβ.Results:IKKα,IKKγ,andIκBαincreaseduponexposuretoIR,therebyaffectingnuclearlevelsofNFκB(phospho-p65).ERKinhibitionorsiRNA-mediateddown-regulationofRAF1suppressedthepost-irradiationsurvivaloftheexaminedlungcancercelllines.AsimilareffectwasdetectedonsurvivaluponsilencingIKKα/IKKγorinhibitingIKKβ.Conclusions:ExposureoflungcancercellstoIRresultsinNFκBactivationviaIKK.ThegeneticorpharmacologicalblockageoftheRAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκBpathwaysensitizescellstotherapeuticdosesofradiation.Therefore,theIKKpathwayisapromisingtargetfortherapeuticinterventionincombinationwithradiotherapy.

简介：目的评价高频彩超检查对腮腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法应用高频彩超对58例腮腺肿块的患者进行检查，并结合病理检查结果分析、总结腮腺肿块的超声图像特征。结果高频彩超检查对腮腺肿块的总检出率为100％，对腮腺良、恶性肿块的诊断符合率分别为87．2％、68．4％，其中腮腺囊肿诊断符合率为100％。二维超声检查中腮腺良、恶性肿块在形态、边界、边缘和内部回声方面的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。彩色多普勒血流显像对腮腺良、恶性肿块血流信号的检出率分别为82．1％、94．7％。以收缩期峰值流速≥23．8cm／s作为诊断腮腺恶性肿块阈值的标准，脉冲多普勒诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为73．7％和71．8％；以阻力指数≥0．68（除混合瘤外）作为诊断腮腺恶性肿块阈值的标准，其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为73．3％和85．0％。结论高频彩超检查对腮腺肿块的检出率及诊断符合率均较高，对腮腺肿块的定性诊断有重要的临床应用价值。

简介：目的探讨残胃癌的多层螺旋CT表现以及多层螺旋CT对残胃癌的诊断价值。方法收集经手术病理证实的22例残胃癌的螺旋CT检查结果，分析不同病理类型的残胃癌的螺旋CT表现。结果22例残胃癌均经手术病理证实，其中印戒细胞癌5例，低分化腺癌7例，中分化腺癌7例，高分化腺癌3例。残胃癌的病理类型以低分化腺癌多见，好发于吻合口，CT表现为吻合口及残胃胃壁受侵犯最常见，其次为贲门区胃壁，再次为食管下段及空肠，表现为胃壁增厚，僵硬，形态不规则，不均匀强化。结论多层螺旋CT对残胃癌的定位和定性诊断提供一定依据，CT表现可与病理类型相对应并对外科手术方式及其他临床治疗方案的选择具有一定参考价值。

简介：1病案摘要患者男性,45岁。因＂肉眼血尿3天＂于2010年1月5日就诊。患者2010年1月初无明显诱因下出现洗肉水样尿,伴有腰酸腰痛,无尿频、尿急、尿痛不适。

简介：胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤（DNT）是一种少见的颅内肿瘤,本文结合我们的临床经验探讨DNT的MRI和CT特征及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析10例（6男,4女）经组织病理学证实的具有癫痫病史的DNT的MRI和CT表现,其中6例MRI增强后扫描。结果:所有肿瘤灶均局限于皮质内及皮质下、分别为:额叶3例,枕叶3例,颞叶和顶叶各两例,大多数病灶境界清楚。MRI示病灶多为分叶状,在T1W1为低信号,T2W1为高信号,周围未见水肿;6例增强后扫描病例中,2例病灶呈实质部分强化,其余4例无强化;4例呈多囊样,2例呈单囊样改变。6例CT扫描病灶均呈境界清楚的低密度区。结论:DNT的CT及MRI表现有一定的特征性,但准确的组织学诊断需结合临床和病理学表现。

简介：Objective:TodeterminewhetherInterferon-alpha-2b(IFN-α2b)canmodulatetheautophagicresponseinhepatocellularcarcinomacells.Methods:HepatocellularcarcinomacellsweretreatedwithIFN-α2b.Autophagywasassessedbyacridineorangestaining,GFP-LC3dottedassay,transmissionelectronmicroscopyandimmunoblotting.Results:AcridineorangestainingshowedthatIFN-α2btriggeredtheaccumulationofacidicvesicularandautolysosomesinHepG2cells.TheacridineorangeHepG2cellratioswere(4.3±1.0)%,(6.9±1.4)%,and(13.1±2.3)%,respectively,aftertreatmentwith100,1,000,and10,000IU/mLIFN-α2bfor48h.AmarkedlypunctatepatternwasobservedinHepG2cellstreatedwith10,000IU/mLIFN-α2bfor48h,butonlydiffuseandweaklyfluorescentGFP-LC3punctawasobservedincontrolcells.HepG2cellstreatedwith10,000IU/mLIFN-α2bfor48hdevelopedautophagosome-likecharacteristics,includingsingle-ordouble-membranevacuolescontainingintactanddegradedcellulardebris.TheBeclin1andLC3-IIproteinexpressionwasup-regulatedbyIFN-α2btreatment.Conclusion:Autophagycanbeinducedinadose-dependentmannerbytreatmentwithIFN-α2binHepG2cells,andtheBeclin1signalingpathwaywasstimulatedbyIFN-α2b.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatephospho-(-cateninexpressioninnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)andtostudytherelationshipbetweenphospho-(-cateninexpressionandsomeclinicalpathologicalfactors.Methods:Theexpressionofphospho-(-cateninin67primaryNSCLCcasesdetectedimmunohistochemically.Results:phospho-(-cateninwasnotexpressedinnormalbronchialmucouscellandshowedcytoplasmicandnuclearexpressioninNSCLCcell.Totalpositiveexpressionratereached62.7%,andpositiveexpressionrateofnucleuswas38.8%.Thepositiveexpressionrate(87.5%)andnuclearexpressionrateofadenocarcinoma(62.5%)wereapparentlyhigherthanthoseofsquamouscellcancer(40.0%and17.1%)(P<0.01).Expressionofphospho-(-cateninhadnorelationshiptodifferentiationdegreeandlymphaticmetastasis.Thepostoperativesurvivaltimeisnotrelatedtophospho-(-cateninexpression.(Log-ranktest,P=0.9198;P=0.6274).COXmodelanalysisshowedthattumorstageanddifferentiationareindependentriskfactorstoprognosis(P=0.001;P=0.020).Conclusion:NSCLCcellsshowpositiveexpressionofphospho-(-catenin,phospho-(-cateninnuclearexpressionisrelevanttohistologicaltypes.Thereisnodifferenceinpostoperativesurvivaltimebetweenpatientswithphospho-(-cateninpositiveexpressionandpatientswithnegativeexpression,expressionofphospho-(-cateninisnotindependentriskfactortoprognosis.

简介：Objective:Toassesstheclinicalfeatures,survivalandprognosticfactorsofprimarytesticulardiffuselargeB-celllymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:Aretrospectivestudyof37patientswithprimarytesticularDLBCLwascarriedoutfromNovember2003toMay2012.Theirclinicalfeatures,survivalandprognosticfactorswereanalyzed.Results:Duringamedianfollow-upperiodof39.8months(5.4-93.0months),themedianprogression-freesurvival(PFS)was26.2months(95%CI:0-65months)andthe3-yearoverallsurvival(OS)ratewas78.4%.Withinthewholecohort,thefactorssignificantlyassociatedwithasuperiorPFSwerelimitedstage(stageI/II),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH)≤245U/L,internationalprognosticindex(IPI)≤1,primarytumordiameter<7.5cm,andpatientswhohadcompleteresponse(CR)andreceiveddoxorubicin-containedchemotherapy(P<0.05).Therewasatrendtowardsuperioroutcomeforpatientswhoreceivedcombinedtherapy(surgery/chemotherapy/radiotherapy)(P=0.055).PatientswhohadCR,primarytumordiameter<7.5cmandIPIscore≤1weresignificantlyassociatedwithlongerPFSatmultivariateanalysis.Conclusions:PrimarytesticularDLBCLhadpoorersurvival.CR,primarytumordiameterandIPIwereindependentprognosticfactors.Thecombinedtherapyoforchectomy,doxorubicin-containedchemotherapyandcontralateraltesticularradiotherapy(RT)seemedtoimprovesurvival.

简介：目的:评价前程加速超分割治疗食管癌放疗疗效及放射反应.方法:对96例食管癌随机分为前程加速超分割组(前超组)和常规组,每组48例,全部经病理证实.男性63例,女性33例;年龄41岁～70岁,中位年龄57岁;病变部位胸上段21例,胸中段63例,胸下段12例.病变长度:＜5cm29例,5.0cm～7.0cm57例,＞10cm10例.全部采用6MVX线外照射,常规组1次/天,2.0Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量64Gy～68Gy,44～45天完成.前超组2次/天,1.5Gy/次,间隔6小时以上,总剂量64～68Gy,35～37天完成.结果:随访率96.9%.1、3、5年生存率前超组为81.15%、44.1%和26.8%,常规组为61.7%、25.1%和16.9%.前超组1、3年生存率高于常规组(u值为2.97及2.64,P＜0.01),5年生存率无显著意义(u＝1.71,P＞0.05).前超组和常规组放射性食管炎发生率分别为27.16和16.7%(χ2＝1.52,P＝0.20);放射性气管炎发生率前超组为18.8%,常规组为12.5%(χ2＝0.71,P＝0.40).结论:食管癌前程加速超分割治疗的1年和3年生存率高于常规组,5年生存率无明显差异,患者对前超组放疗副作用与常规组相比无明显增加.

简介：目的探讨骨肉瘤组织中血管生成拟态（VM）的存在情况及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法收集骨肉瘤标本66例,采用CD34和PAS双重染色方法检测骨肉瘤组织中VM存在情况,探讨骨肉瘤VM与临床病理特征和预后的相关性以及VM与黏着斑激酶（FAK）、迁移诱导基因（Mig）-7表达的关系。结果66例骨肉瘤中存在15例VM,阳性率为22.7%。骨肉瘤VM与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、术式及术前化疗坏死率无关。VM（＋）组FAK及Mig-7的阳性表达率均高于VM（-）组。VM（＋）组患者的总生存期和无转移生存期均短于VM（-）组患者（P〈0.05）,Cox风险比例回归模型显示VM和术前化疗效果是预测骨肉瘤生存期和发生转移的两个独立预后因素。结论VM存在于骨肉瘤组织中并且是其重要的预后指标,FAK及Mig-7与骨肉瘤VM的形成有密切关系。

简介：摘要目的探讨CT影像表现特征及术前CT检查在肺低分化鳞癌T及N分期中的价值。方法2000年5月～2006年5月共有179例肺低分化鳞癌患者在我院进行了CT扫描检查（其中132例患者接受了肺叶切除术）。其中行CT增强扫描者142例，行CT平扫37例。所有患者均经病理诊断证实。由2位科放射科医师共同对所有患者的CT扫描结果进行影像学分析、分期（包括原发肿瘤及淋巴结病变），并与病理诊断结果进行对照研究。结果在所有179例肺低分化鳞癌患者，中央型病变53．6％（96例），周围型病变46．4％（83例）。96例中央型病变患者中，CT影像学表现为肺门肿块者94例，腔内型病变者2例，出现空洞者5例，伴随阻塞性改变者69例。83例周围型病变患者中，最大径范围1．5—12cm，82例为实性病变，1例为部分实性病变；其中48例（58．0％）患者的病灶直径〉4cm，伴空洞病变表现的患者12例（14．0％）。直径≤3cm的病灶占周围型病变的21例（25．3％），中心可出现坏死（12例）及空洞（2例），可见广泛淋巴结肿大（3例）。术前CT对原发肿瘤及淋巴结分期（cTN）与术后病理对原发肿瘤及淋巴结分期（pTN）一致者46．2％（61例），cTN与pTN不一致者53．8％（71例）。CT对原发肿瘤（T分期）评估准确者78．8％（104例），不准确者21．2％（28例），其中低估12．1％（16例），高估9．1％（12例）。CT对淋巴结病变（N分期）评估准确者56．8％（75例），不准确者43．2％（57例），其中低估18．2％（24例），高估25．0％（33例）。结论肺低分化鳞癌多为典型鳞癌的CT表现。病灶直径≤3cm的周围型低分化肺鳞癌可发生坏死及纵隔广泛淋巴结转移。直径〈1cm的纵隔淋巴结可转移，而良性淋巴结肿大亦较常见。尽管CT在低分化鳞癌分期上价值有限，但仍具有重要作用。