简介：ＩＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｈｉｒｄＭｉｌｉｔａｒｙＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ４０００３８，Ｃｈｉｎａ（ＷａｎｇＸＤ，ＬｉｕＹＳａｎｄＦｅｎｇＪＭ）ｔｉｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔＴＮＦαｉｓｔｈｅｉ...

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheeffectsofselectivenitricoxidesynthase(NOS)inhibitorsondentategyrusneurogenesisafterdiffusebraininjury(DBI)intheadultratbrain.MethodsAdultmaleSDratsweresubjectedtodiffusebraininjury(DBI)model.Byusingsystemicbromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)tolabeldividingcells,wecomparedtheproliferationrateof

简介：BACKGROUND:Erythropoietinandrecombinanthumanerythropoietin(rhEPO)inhibitapoptosisofmotorneuronscausedbyspinalcordinjuryandbraindamageinrats.However,itstillremainstobeshownwhetherrhEPOcanprotectfacialmotoneurons(FMNs)aswell.OBJECTIVE:TotesttheneuroprotectiveeffectsofrhEPOoninjuredFMNs,aswellastheinfluenceonCaspase-3expression.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Randomized,controlled,animalexperiment.ThisstudywasperformedattheCentralLaboratoryofBasicMedicalCollege,ChongqingMedicalUniversityfromJanuarytoOctober2007.MATERIALS:Seventy-fivefemaleSDrats,weighing210–230g.rhEPOinjectionwasprovidedbySanshengpharmaceuticalscompany,ShenyangCity,LiaoningProvince,China,andtheLicensenumberwasHMLNS20010001.METHODS:Atotalof75femaleratswererandomlydividedintorhEPOtreatment,control,andshamoperationgroups,with25ratsineachgroup.RatmodelsoffacialnerveinjurywereestablishedintherhEPOtreatmentgroupandthecontrolgroupbycrushingthemaintrunkoftheleftfacialnerve.Surgicalmicroscopicobservationofthefacialnervedamagedisplayedperineurialdisruption.Theleftstylomastoidforamenoftheshamoperationgroupwereonlyexposed,butwithoutnerveinjury.TherhEPOtreatmentgroupwastreatedwithrhEPO(5000U/kg,i.p.)oncefollowinginjuryandonceadayfortwoweeks.Thecontrolandshamoperationgroupsweretreatedwiththesamedoseofnormalsaline(i.p.),oncefollowinginjuryandonceadayfortwoweeks.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Ratsweresacrificed3,7,14,21,and28daysafterinjury,FMNsurvivalafterfacialnerveinjurywasanalyzedbyToluidinebluestaining,andthensurvivalratios(L/R)werecalculated.ThenumberofapoptoticprofilesintheinjuredFMNswereevaluatedbyTUNELstaining.ExpressionofCaspase-3inthefacialnucleuswasdetectedbyimmunohistochemistrymethods.RESULTS:Atotalof75ratswereincludedinthefinalanalysis.FMNsurvivalratios,bothin

简介：OBJECTIVE:Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheeffectivenessandsafetyofstemcelltransplantationforspinalcordinjury(SCI).DATASOURCES:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane,ChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructure,ChinaScienceandTechnologyJournal,Wanfang,andSinoMeddatabasesweresystematicallysearchedbycomputertoselectclinicalrandomizedcontrolledtrialsusingstemcelltransplantationtotreatSCI,publishedbetweeneachdatabaseinitiationandJuly2016.DATASELECTION:RandomizedcontrolledtrialscomparingstemcelltransplantationwithrehabilitationtreatmentforpatientswithSCI.Inclusioncriteria:(1)PatientswithSCIdiagnosedaccordingtotheAmericanSpinalInjuryAssociation(ASIA)InternationalstandardsforneurologicalclassificationofSCI;(2)patientswithSCIwhoreceivedonlystemcelltransplantationtherapyorstemcelltransplantationcombinedwithrehabilitationtherapy;(3)oneormoreofthefollowingoutcomesreported:outcomesconcerningneurologicalfunctionincludingsensoryfunctionandlocomotorfunction,activitiesofdailyliving,urinationfunctions,andseverityofSCIoradverseeffects.Studiescomprisingpatientswithcomplications,withoutfull-text,andpreclinicalanimalmodelswereexcluded.QualityoftheincludedstudieswasevaluatedusingtheCochraneriskofbiasassessmenttoolandRevManV5.3software,providedbytheCochraneCollaboration,wasusedtoperformstatisticalanalysis.OUTCOMEMEASURES:ASIAmotorscore,ASIAlighttouchscore,ASIApinprickscore,ASIAimpairmentscalegradingimprovementrate,activitiesofdailylivingscore,residualurinevolume,andadverseevents.RESULTS:Tenstudiescomprising377patientswereincludedintheanalysisandtheoverallriskofbiaswasrelativelylowlevel.Fourstudiesdidnotdetailhowrandomsequencesweregenerated,twostudiesdidnotclearlystatetheblindingoutcomeassessment,twostudieslackedblindingoutcomeassessment,onestudylackedfollow-upinformation,andfourstudiesc

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheinfluenceofintracranialpressure(ICP)andcerebralperfusionpressure(CPP)onneurologicaldeteriorationandoutcomeofseveretraumaticbraininjury(STBI).Methods:Atotalof245patientswithseveretraumaticbraininjurywerestudiedretrospectivelywithunivariateandmultivariatestudiestoevaluatethecontributionofICP/CPPtoneurologicaldeteriorationandoutcome.Results:Themortalityratesrosefrom16.2%in142patientswhosecourseofdiseasewassmoothto66.7%in103patientswhosufferedfromneurologicaldeterioration.Correspondingly,thefavorableoutcomefallfrom54.2%inthepatientswithoutneurologicaldeteriorationto18.3%inthosewithneurologicaldeterioration.Inthepatientswithclinicalevidenceofneurologicaldeterioration,therelativeinfluenceoftheICPandtheCPPonoutcomewasassessed.Themosepowerfulpredictorsofneurologicaldeteriorationwasthepresenceofintracranialhypertension(ICP>30mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa).TheCPPalsohadaprognosticpoweronneurologicaldeteriorationwhenitslevellessthan60mmHg.Conclusions:Itsuggeststhatit'sveryimportanttolowertheintracranialhypertensionandkeeptheCPPnotlessthan60mmHgduringthetreatmentofSTBI.

简介：Objective:ToelucidatetheroleofS-100Bandneuronspecificenolase(NSE)inpredictingtheoutcomesofpatientswithsevereheadinjury.Methods:Fortypatientswithsevereheadinjurywereincludedinthisstudy.TheserumconcentrationsofS-100BandNSEweremeasuredwithin12hoursafterheadinjurytoinvestigatethecorrelationbetweenserumlevelsofS-100BandNSEandoutcome.ValidityofbothS-100BandNSEinoutcomepredictionwasassessedwithReceiverOperatorCharacteristic(ROC)curve.Results:TheserumconcentrationsofS-100BandNSEofbothgroups,withfavorableorunfavorableoutcomes,weresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofthenormalgroup.Theserumconcentrationswithin12hoursafterheadinjurywerecloselycorrelatedwiththeprognosis.Furthermore,accordingtotheROCcurvesof100BandNSE,S-100BwasfoundbetterinpredictingoutcomesthanNSE.Conclusions:S-100BandNSEmayplayimportantrolesinoutcomepredictionaftersevereheadinjury.Moreover,S-100BisclearlysuperiortoNSEintermsofpredictivevalueandappearstobeamorepromisingserummarkerinoutcomepredictionaftersevereheadinjury.

简介：AbstractPurpose:Child injuries are a public health concern globally. Injury surveillance systems (ISSs) have beneficial impact on child injury prevention. There is a need for evidence-based consensus on frameworks to establish child ISSs. This research aims to investigate the key components of a child ISS for Iran and to propose a framework for implementation.Methods:Data were gathered through interview with experts using unstructured questions from January 2017 to December 2018 to identify child ISS functional components. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. Then, modified Delphi method was used to validate the functional components. Based on the outcomes of the content analysis, a questionnaire with closed questions was developed and presented to a group of experts. Consensus was achieved in two rounds.Results:In round I, 117 items reached consensus. In round II, 5 items reached consensus and were incorporated into final framework. Consensus was reached for 122 items comprising the final framework and representing 7 key components: goals of the system, data sources, data set, coalition of stakeholders, data collection, data analysis and data distribution. Each component consisted of several subcomponents and respective elements.Conclusion:This agreed framework will assist in standardizing data collection, analysis and distribution, which help to detect child injury problems and provide evidence for preventive measures.

简介：AIM:Todeterminethealterationsinratenterocytemitochondrialrespiratoryfunctionandenzymeactivitiesfollowingtraumaticbraininjury(TBI).METHODS:Fifty-sixmaleSDratswererandomlydividedintosevengroups(8ratsineachgroup):acontrolgroup(ratswithshamoperation)andtraumaticbraininjurygroupsat6,12,24h,days2,3,and7afteroperation.TBImodelswereinducedbyFeendy’sfree-fallingmethod.Mitochondrialrespiratoryfunction(respiratorycontrolratioandADP/Oratio)wasmeasuredwithaClarkoxygenelectrode.TheactivitiesofrespiratorychaincomplexⅠ-Ⅳandrelatedenzymesweredeterminedbyspectrophotometry.RESULTS:Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,themitochondrialrespiratorycontrolratio(RCR)declinedat6handremainedatalowleveluntilday7afterTBI(control,5.42±0.46;6h,5.20±0.18;12h,4.55±0.35;24h,3.75±0.22;2d,4.12±0.53;3d,3.45±0.41;7d,5.23±0.24,P<0.01).Thevalueofphosphate-to-oxygen(P/O)significantlydecreasedat12,24h,day2andday3,respectively(12h,3.30±0.10;24h,2.61±0.21;2d,2.95±0.18;3d,2.76±0.09,P<0.01)comparedwiththecontrolgroup(3.46±0.12).Twotroughsofmitochondrialrespiratoryfunctionwereseenat24handday3afterTBI.TheactivitiesofmitochondrialcomplexⅠ(6h:110±10,12h:115±12,24h:85±9,day2:80±15,day3:65±16,P<0.01)andcomplexⅡ(6h:105±8,12h:110±92,24h:80±10,day2:76±8,day3:68±12,P<0.01)wereincreasedat6hand12hfollowingTBI,andthensignificantlydecreasedat24h,day2andday3,respectively.However,therewerenodifferencesincomplexⅠandⅡactivitiesbetweenthecontrolandTBIgroups.Furthermore,pyruvatedehydrogenase(PDH)activitywassignificantlydecreasedat6handcontinuedupto7dafterTBIcomparedwiththecontrolgroup(6h:90±8,12h:85±10,24h:65±12,day2:60±9,day3:55±6,day7:88±11,P<0.01).Thechangesinα-ketoglutaricdehydrogenase(KGDH)activityweresimilartoPDH,exceptthatthedecreaseinKGDHactivitybeganat12hafterTBI(12h:90±12,24h:80±9,day2:76±15,day3:68±7,

简介：AbstractSince December 2019, a pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus, i.e. COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Although the epidemic in China has been bought under control, the global COVID-19 situation is still grim. Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as one of critical conditions in the department of neurosurgery, requires an early and effective treatment, especially surgery. There were currently no reliable guidelines on how to perform perioperative protection in TBI patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection. According to the corresponding treatment regulations and guidelines issued by the authorities, we summarized the management strategy of TBI patients in perioperative period during the COVID-19 outbreak based on medical and nursing practice, in order to provide a reference for clinicians.

简介：Qian-Zheng-San,atraditionalChineseprescriptionconsistingofTyphoniiRhizoma,BombyxBatryticatus,Scorpio,hasbeenfoundtoplayanactivetherapeuticroleincentralnervoussystemdiseases.However,itisunclearwhetherQian-Zheng-Sanhastherapeuticvalueforperipheralnerveinjury.Therefore,weusedSprague-Dawleyratstoinvestigatethis.Asciaticnervecrushinjurymodelwasinducedbyclampingtherightsciaticnerve.Subsequently,ratsinthetreatmentgroupwereadministered2mLQian-Zheng-San(1.75g/mL)dailyassystemictherapyfor1,2,4,or8weeks.RatsinthecontrolgroupwerenotadministeredQian-Zheng-San.Ratsinshamgroupdidnotundergosurgeryandsystemictherapy.Footprintanalysiswasusedtoassessnervemotorfunction.Electrophysiologicalexperimentswereusedtodetectnerveconductionfunction.Immunofluorescencestainingwasusedtoassessaxoncountsandmorphologicalanalysis.Immunohistochemicalstainingwasusedtoobservemyelinregenerationofthesciaticnerveandthenumberofmotoneuronsintheanteriorhornofthespinalcord.At2and4weekspostoperatively,thesciaticnervefunctionindex,nerveconductionvelocity,thenumberofdistantregeneratedaxonsandtheaxondiameterofthesciaticnerveincreasedintheQian-Zheng-Santreatmentgroupcomparedwiththecontrolgroup.At2weekspostoperatively,nervefiberdiameter,myelinthickness,andthenumberofmotorneuronsinthelumbarspinalcordanteriorhornincreasedintheQian-Zheng-Santreatmentgroupcomparedwiththecontrolgroup.TheseresultsindicatethatQian-Zheng-Sanhasapositiveeffectonperipheralnerveregeneration.

简介：Spinalcordinjury(SCI)isadevastatingconditionthatnotonlyresultsinalossofmotorfunctionsbutalsosevereautonomicdysfunctions(KrassioukovandClaydon,2006).Autonomicdysreflexia(AD)isalifethreateningepisodeoftransienthypertensionthatoccursupto30x/day(11x/dayon

简介：ＴＢｕｒｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ，ＴｈｉｒｄＭｉｌｉｔａｒｙＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣｏｌｅｇｅ，Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ４０００３８，Ｃｈｉｎａ（ＣｈｉＬＸ，ＹａｎｇＺＣ，ＷａｎｇＸａｎｄＬｉＡ）Ｔｈｉｓｓｔ...

简介：Objective:Todetecttheconcentrationofmonocytechemoattractantprotein-1(MCP-1)intheserumofpatientswithincompletespinalcordinjuryandevaluateitsrelationwiththepathologicclassificationofthespinalcordinjury.Methods:MCP-1concentrationintheserumofpatientswithincompletespinalcordinjury(iSCI),singlespinecompressionandhealthysubjectsweredetectedbyELISA,respectivelyinthepresentstudyandthemagneticresonanceimagingdataofthesepatientswerestudiedatthesametimeonablindbase.Results:SerumlevelofMCP-1iniSCIpatientswas428pg/ml±11pg/mlbyELISA,whichwashigherthanboththatofthepatientswithsinglespinecompressionandofcontrols,withtheconcentrationof184pg/ml±21pg/mland124pg/ml±15pg/ml,respectively.Therewassignificantdifferencebetweenanytwogroups(P<0.01).iSCIpatientswithnormalMRIshowedalowerserumlevelofMCP-1as312pg/ml±30pg/ml.Pathologicalclassificationofspinalcordedemaandhematomacorrespondedto390pg/ml±16pg/mland508pg/ml±24pg/mlintheconcentrationofMCP-1.Conclusions:MCP-1mayinducesecondaryinflammatoryresponsebyrecruitinginflammatorycellstotheinjurysiteandthusaffecttheprognosisofspinalcordinjury.

简介：

简介：Arachidonicacid-metabolizingenzyme5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)producespro-inflammatorymediators:leukotrienes(includingcysteinylleukotrienes,CysLTs).5-LOXandCysLTsareinvolvedinthepathophysiologicalprocessafterbraininjury,andtheactionsofCysLTsaremediatedviaactivationoftheirreceptors,CysLT1andCysLT2.Wehaverecentlyreportedtheexpressionsof5-LOX,CysLT1andCysLT2inhumanbrainswithtraumaticinjuryandtumors,andshort-termneuroprotectiveeffectsofCys-LT1antagonistsinstrokemodelsofratsandmice.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectofmoderatehypothermiaonresponsesofaxonalcytoskeletontoaxonalinjuryintheacutestageofinjury.Methods:Offifteenadultguineapigs,twelveanimalsweresubjectedtostretchinjurytotherightopticnervesanddividedintothenormothermicgroup(n=6)inwhichtheanimal'scoretemperaturewasmaintainedat36.0-37.5℃andthehypothermiagroup(n=6)inwhichthecoretemperaturewasreducedto32.0-32.5℃afterstretchinjury.Remainingthreeanimalssustainednoinjurytotherightopticnervesandservedascontrolgroup.Halfofinjuredanimals(n=3)ofeithernormothermicgrouporhypothermicgroupwerekilledateither2hoursor4hoursafterinjury.Theultrastructuralchangesofaxonalcytoskeletonoftherightopticnervefibersfromtheanimalswereexaminedunderatransmissionelectronmicroscopeandanalyzedbyquantitativeanalysiswithacomputerimageanalysissystem.Results:At2hoursafterstretchinjury,therewasasignificantreductioninthemeannumberofmicrotubules(P<0.001),andasignificantincreaseinthemeanintermicrotubulespacing(P<0.05orP<0.01)inaxonsofallsizesinnormothermicanimals.Themeannumberofneurofilamentsalsodecreasedstatistically(P<0.01)inlargeandmediumsubgroupsofaxonsinthesameexperimentalgroupat2hours.By4hours,thelargesubgroupofaxonsinnormothermicanimalsstilldemonstratedasignificantdeclineinthemeannumberofmicrotubules(P<0.01)andanincreaseinthemeanintermicrotubulespacing(P<0.05),whilethemediumandsmallsubgroupsofaxonsdisplayedasignificantincreaseinthemeannumberofneurofilaments(P<0.05)andreductioninthemeaninterneurofilamentspacing(P<0.05).Onthecontrary,eitherthemeannumberofmicrotubulesandthemeanintermicrotubulespacing,orthemeannumberofneurofilamentsandinterneurofilamentspacinginaxonsofallsizesinhypothermicstretch-injuredanimalswasnotsignificantdifferentfromthemeanvaluesofsham-operated

简介：Somestudieshavesuggestedthatearlysurgicaltreatmentcaneffectivelyimprovetheprognosisofcervicalspinalcordinjurywithoutradiologicalabnormality,butnoresearchhasfocusedonthedevelopmentofaprognosticmodelofcervicalspinalcordinjurywithoutradiologicalabnormality.Thisretrospectiveanalysisincluded43patientswithcervicalspinalcordinjurywithoutradiologicalabnormality.Sevenpotentialfactorswereassessed:age,sex,externalforcestrengthcausingdamage,durationofdisease,degreeofcervicalspinalstenosis,JapaneseOrthopaedicAssociationscore,andphysiologicalcervicalcurvature.Amodelwasestablishedusingmultiplebinarylogisticregressionanalysis.Themodelwasevaluatedbyconcordantprofilingandtheareaunderthereceiveroperatingcharacteristiccurve.Bootstrappingwasusedforinternalvalidation.Theprognosticmodelwasasfollows:logit(P)=-25.4545+21.2576VALUE+1.2160SCORE-3.4224TIME,whereVALUEreferstothePavlovratioindicatingtheextentofcervicalspinalstenosis,SCOREreferstotheJapaneseOrthopaedicAssociationscore(0–17)aftertheoperation,andTIMEreferstothediseaseduration(frominjurytooperation).Theareaunderthereceiveroperatingcharacteristiccurveforallpatientswas0.8941(95%confidenceinterval,0.7930–0.9952).Threefactorsassessedinthepredictivemodelwereassociatedwithpatientoutcomes:agreatextentofcervicalstenosis,apoorpreoperativeneurologicalstatus,andalongdiseaseduration.Thesethreefactorscouldworsenpatientoutcomes.Moreover,thediseaseprognosiswasconsideredgoodwhenlogit(P)≥-2.5105.Overall,themodeldisplayedacertainclinicalvalue.ThisstudywasapprovedbytheBiomedicalEthicsCommitteeoftheSecondAffiliatedHospitalofXi’anJiaotongUniversity,China(approvalnumber:2018063)onMay8,2018.

简介：ThepresentstudywasdesignedtodeterminetheeffectsofatraditionalChinesemedicine,calledQishenYiqiDroppingPillonchronichypoxia-inducedmyocardialinjury.ToestablisharatchronichypoxiamodeltobeusedintheevaluationofthetherapeuticeffectsoftheQishenYiqiDroppingPill,Sprague-Dawley(SD)ratswererandomlydividedintothreegroups:thecontrol,model,andtreatmentgroups(n=10pergroup).Theanimalswerehousedinaplexiglasscontainer.Thecontrolanimalswereundernormaloxygenconcentrationandthemodelandtreatmentgroupswereexposedtoairandnitrogenfor5weeks.TheratsinthetreatmentgroupwereorallyadministeredtheQishenYiqiDroppingpill(35mg·kg-1·d-1)for5weeks.Afterthetreatment,thecardiacfunctionandmorphologywereanalyzed,andtheexpressionlevelsofhypoxia-induciblefactor1α(HIF-1α)weredeterminedusingWesternblotting.Ourresultsindicatedthatthecardiacfunctionwasimpaired,cellapoptosiswasenhanced,andHIF-1αexpressionwasup-regulatedinthemodelgroup,comparedtothecontrolgroup.ThesechangeswereamelioratedbythetreatmentwiththeQishenYiqiDroppingPill.Inconclusion,QishenYiqiDroppingpillcanamelioratemyocardialinjuryinducedbychronichypoxia,improvecardiacfunction,anddecreasemyocardialcellapoptosis,whichmayprovideabasisforitsclinicaluseforthetreatmentofchroniccardiovasculardiseases

简介：Background:The2mostcitedsportsinjurypreventionresearchframeworksincorporateinterventiondevelopment,yetlittleguidanceisavailableinthesportsscienceliteratureonhowtoundertakethiscomplexprocess.Thispaperpresentsageneralizableprocessfordevelopingimplementablesportsinjurypreventioninterventions,includingacasestudyapplyingtheprocesstodevelopalowerlimbinjurypreventionexercisetrainingprogram(FootyFirst)forcommunityAustralianfootball.Methods:Theinterventiondevelopmentprocessisunderpinnedby2complementarypremises:(1)thatevidence-basedpracticeintegratesthebestavailablescientificevidencewithpractitionerexpertiseandenduservaluesand(2)thatresearchevidencealoneisinsufficienttodevelopimplementableinterventions.Results:Thegeneralizable6-stepinterventiondevelopmentprocessinvolves(1)compilingresearchevidence,clinicalexperience,andknowledgeoftheimplementationcontext;(2)consultingwithexperts;(3)engagingwithendusers;(4)testingtheintervention;(5)usingtheory;and(6)obtainingfeedbackfromearlyimplementers.Followingeachstep,interventioncontentandpresentationshouldberevisedtoensurethatthefinalinterventionincludesevidence-informedcontentthatislikelytobeadopted,properlyimplemented,andsustainedovertimebythetargetedinterventiondeliverers.ForFootyFirst,thisprocessinvolvedestablishingamultidisciplinaryinterventiondevelopmentgroup,conducting2targetedliteraturereviews,undertakinganonlineexpertconsensusprocess,conductingfocusgroupswithprogramendusers,testingtheprogrammultipletimesindifferentcontexts,andobtainingfeedbackfromearlyimplementersoftheprogram.Conclusion:Thissystematicyetpragmaticanditerativeinterventiondevelopmentprocessispotentiallyapplicabletoanyinjurypreventiontopicacrossallsportssettingsandlevels.Itwillguideresearcherswishingtoundertakeinterventiondevelopment.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigateCaspase-3expressionanditsroleinneuronalapoptosis.Methods:TheT13-L2spinalcordofratswasinjuredbytractionaftertheamplitudeofP1-N1wave,monitoredbyacorticalsomatosensoryevokedpotential(CSEP)monitor,decreasedtoseventypercentofthatbeforeoperation.Thenratswerekilledin6h,1d,4d,7d,14dand21drespectivelyafteroperation.Flowcytometerterminaldeoxynucleotldyltransferease-mediatedbiotinylateddeoxynuridinetriphosphatenickendlabeling(TUNEL),Caspase-3activityassayandimmunohistochemicalmethodwereappliedtoinvestigateCaspase-3expressioninthespinalcordtissueandtostudyneuronalapoptosisinrats.Results:Afterspinalcordinjury,apoptoticcellsdetectedbyflowcytometryandTUNEL-positivecellsweresignificantlymore,andpositiveimmunohistochemicalstainingofCaspase-3andCaspase-3activityweresignificantlyhigherinGroupinjurythaninGroupscontrolandlaminectomy,respectively(P>0.05,P>0.01).Similartrendofchangeswasnoticedinapoptoticcells,TUNEL-positivecellsandpositiveimmunohistochemicalstainingofCaspase-3,allofwhichreachedtheirrespectivepeak7daysafteroperation.Caspase-3activityreacheditspeak,however,4dayspostoperatively.Conclusions:IncreasedexpressionandactivityofCaspase-3proteininneuronsaftertractivespinalcordinjuryisthebiochemicalsignalofearlyspinalcellapoptosis.Itisofgreatsignificanceforunderstandingthemechanismofspinalcordinjury.