简介：Cancertreatmentssuchaschemotherapyandradiotherapyarewidelyusedtotreatprimaryandmetastaticcancers.Epidemiologicalstudieshavedemonstratedthatthesetypesoftreatmentcaneffectivelyandsuccessfullyextendthelifespanofcancerpatients,buttheyarealso

简介：Diffuseaxonalinjury(DAI)isaxonalandsmallvesselinjuryproducedbyasuddenaccelerationoftheheadbyanexternalforce,andisamajorcauseofdeathandseveredisability(Paterakisetal.,2000).Prognosisispoorerinpatientswithapparenthemorrhagethaninthosewithout(Paterakisetal.,2000).Therefore,itisimportanttoidentifythepresenceandprecisepositionofhemorrhagicfociforamoreaccuratediagnosis.CTandmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)havelongbeenappliedinthediagnosis

简介：Survivalratesformetastaticlungcancer,includingnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)andsmallcelllungcancer(SCLC),arepoorwith5-yearsurvivalsoflessthan5%.Theimmunesystemhasanintricateandcomplexrelationshipwithtumorigenesis;agroundswellofresearchontheimmunesystemisleadingtogreaterunderstandingofhowcancerprogressesandpresentingnewwaystohaltdiseaseprogress.Duetotheextraordinarypoweroftheimmunesystem—withitscapacityformemory,exquisitespecificityandcentralanduniversalroleinhumanbiology—immunotherapyhasthepotentialtoachievecomplete,long-lastingremissionsandcures,withfewsideeffectsforanycancerpatient,regardlessofcancertype.Asaresult,arangeofcancertherapiesareunderdevelopmentthatworkbyturningourownimmunecellsagainsttumors.Howeverdeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofimmunomodulationbytumorsiskeytothedevelopmentofeffectiveimmunotherapies,especiallyinlungcancer.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheclinicalusefulnessofendoscopicultrasonography(EUS)forthediagnosisoftheinvasiondepthofulcerativecolitis-associatedtumors.METHODS:Thestudygroupcomprised13patientswith16ulcerativecolitis(UC)-associatedtumorsforwhichthedepthofinvasionwaspreoperativelyestimatedbyEUS.Thelesionswerethenresectedendoscopicallyorbysurgicalcolectomyandwereexaminedhistopathologically.Themeanageofthesubjectswas48.2±17.1years,andthemeandurationofUCwas15.8±8.3years.Twolesionsweretreatedbyendoscopicresectionandtheother14lesionsbysurgicalcolectomy.ThedepthofinvasionofUCassociatedtumorswasestimatedbyEUSusinganultrasonicprobeandwasevaluatedonthebasisofthedeepestlayerwithnarrowingorruptureofthecolonicwall.RESULTS:ThediagnosisofUC-associatedtumorsbyEUSwascarcinomafor13lesionsanddysplasiafor3lesions.Theinvasiondepthofthecarcinomaswasintramucosalfor8lesions,submucosalfor2,themuscularispropriafor2,andsubserosalfor1.Eleven(69%)ofthe16lesionsaroseintherectum.Themacroscopicappearancewasthelaterallyspreadingtumor-non-granulartypefor4lesions,sessiletypefor4,laterallyspreadingtumor-granulartypefor3,semipedunculatedtype(Isp)for2,type1for2,andtype3for1.ThedepthofinvasionwascorrectlyestimatedbyEUSfor15lesions(94%)butwasmisdiagnosedasintramucosalfor1carcinomawithhigh-gradesubmucosalinvasion.The2lesionstreatedbyendoscopicresectionwereintramucosalcarcinomaanddysplasia,andbothwerediagnosedasintramucosallesionsbyEUS.CONCLUSION:EUSprovidesagoodestimationoftheinvasiondepthofUC-associatedtumorsandmaythusfacilitatetheselectionoftreatment.

简介：Heartfailureisacomplexclinicalsyndromethatcanresultfromanystructuralorfunctionalcardiacdisorderthatimpairstheabilityoftheventricletofillwithorejectblood.Theechocardiogramisthesinglemostperformedandusefulstudyinthesepatients.Thisarticlereviewstheroleoftheechocardiogramintheevaluationoftheheartfailurepatient,withoutfocusingontheleftventricle.Thediscussionincludestheuseoftheechocardiogramintheassessmentoftherightventricleanddiastolicfunctionandindetectinghemodynamicandmorphologicchangesinheartfailureoveraperiodoftime.Inaddition,wehighlightsomeofthelimitationsofechocardiographyintheassessmentofthesepatients.

简介：Polyreactive天生类型的B房间说明在圆周表示自我反应的许多B房间。这些B房间的不适当的规定可以是位于自体免疫的疾病下面的一个重要因素。这里，我们在导致骨胶原的关节炎(中央情报局)的开发探索了自我反应的天生的B房间的影响，风湿性关节炎的一个鼠标模型。我们显示出那个脾的边缘的地区(MZ)，然而并非B-1B房间在naı展出自发的IgM反应到自体同源的骨胶原II；¨；ve老鼠。在有在完全的Freund’的heterologous骨胶原II的免疫之上；骨胶原反应的MZB房间很快扩展了的s助手，当B-1B房间显示出谦虚反骨胶原回答时。MZB房间被像使用费的受体(TLR)容易激活4并且在vitro，导致的增长和cytokine分泌物的9-ligands，暗示B房间受体和TLR的那个双约会可以把有免疫力的反应提升到自我抗原。而且，告知骨胶原的MZB房间显示出在vivo在IgG反骨胶原抗体的vitro和正式就职由血缘的T房间增长思考了的重要介绍抗原的能力。在1和2表明了的补充受体是缺乏的MZB房间增加了增长和cytokine生产，当时Fcγ；房间的受体IIb缺乏导致增加的cytokine生产和抗原表示。在结论，我们的数据在中央情报局作为自体免疫的反应的开始者加亮自我反应的MZB房间，在补充和Fc受体在在房间控制自我反应是相关的的地方。

简介：OBJECTIVETheaimofthisanalysiswastoassessshort-termandlong-termoutcomeswithrespecttothepreservationoffacialandauditorynervefunctionfollowingsurgeryforsporadicvestibularsehwannomas.MATERIALANDMETHODSThestudyincluded220consecutivepatientsoperatedonwiththeretrosigmoid（217）ortranslabyrinthine（3）approach.Themeanextrameataldiameterofthetumorwas30mm.In217patients,grosstotalresectionwasperformedandnear-totalin3.Beforesurgery,thefacialnerve（CNVII）weaknesswasfoundin18%ofpatientsandonly20%hadserviceablehearing.IntraoperativeneurophysiologicalCNVIImonitoringwasroutinelyused（thelast211procedures）.Intraoperativemonitoringofthecochlearnervefunctionwasusedwhenthepreservationofhearingwasattempted（45procedures）.RESULTSTherateofCNVIIcontinuitylossduringsurgerywas11%,however,thisdecreasedto6%inthesecondhalfoftheseries.Facialnervefunctiondeteriorated,in88%ofthepatientsshortlyaftersurgery.However,itimprovedin87%infollow-up.DelayedCNVIIpalsywasfoundin5%ofthepatientsandhadagoodprognosisin88%.FinalsatisfactoryCNVIIfunction（CNVII-SF,HBgradesⅠ-Ⅲ）wasachievedin76%ofthepatientswhenexcludingtheanastomosisresults,and87%whenincludingthem.Inrecentyears,therateofCNVII-SFhasrisento94%.Non-serviceablehearingwaspreservedin49%ofthepatients,onwhomitwasattempted.CONCLUSIONConsideringthesizeofthetumorsandextentoftheresections,thepreservationofCNVIIfunctioniscurrentlyveryhigh.AclosesurveillanceofCNVIIfunctionevolutionfollowingsurgeryismandatory,as2/3ofthepatientsdischargedwithdeepparesiswillneeddifferentfacereanimationprocedures.Thepreservationofusefulhearingisstillproblematic,especiallyinpatientswithlargetumor.

简介：BackgroundIt'saneffectivetreatmenttoachievepercutaneouscoronaryinterventioninAMIpatients,whichrapidlyimprovesthebloodsupplyofcoronaryartery.StudieshaveshownthatdifferentmodesofPCItherapyhavedifferenteffectsinAMIpatients.TheaimofthisstudywastoexploretheeffectsandclinicalsignificancesofemergencyorlatePCItherapyonleftventricularremodelingandcardiacautonomicfunctioninacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)patients.MethodsOnehundredandfiftycasesofAMIpatientswererandomlydividedintothreegroups,whichallweregiventheroutinemedicine.ThetwotherapygroupsweretheemergencyPCIgroup(n=60)andthelatePCIgroup(n=50).Thevariationsofheartrateturbulence(HRT)andheartratevariability(HRV)parameterswereobservedafter2weeksoftreatmentby24-hourambulatoryECG.ResultsComparedwiththecontrolgroup,after2weeksoftreatment,thelevelsofTS,SDNNandSDANNoftwoPCI-treatedgroupwassignificantlyhigher(P<0.01),TOwerelower(P<0.01)thanwhichinthecontrolgroup.ThereweresignificantdifferencesinTS,SDNN,SDANNandTObetweenthetwoPCItreatmentgroup(P<0.05).ConclusionEmergencyPCIorlatePCImaygivecoronaryeffectivereperfusion,improveleftventricularfunctionandautonomicnervousfunction,andpreventmalignantarrhythmiastooccur.ThetreatmentofprimaryPCIissuperiortodelayedPCI.

简介：Enlargedvestibularaqueduct(EVA),themostfrequentidentifiablecauseofcongenitalhearingloss,isevaluatedwithhigh-definitionmultidetectorCTintheaxialplane.OurpurposewastodeterminewhichreformattedCTmeasurementsaremostreproducible.Sevenmultiplanarreformattedimageswerecreatedforeachofthe64temporalbonesinpatientswithEVA.Intraclasscorrelationcoefficients(ICC)wereusedtoassessinter-observervariability,andbothlinearregressionandROCanalyseswereusedtocomparethemeasurementswithseverityofhearingloss,asassessedbypuretoneaudiometry.Allsevenmeasurementshadexcellentinter-observervariability,withaverage-measureICCrangingfrom0.92to0.98.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantcorrelationbetweentheradiologicdegreeofaqueductenlargementandseverityofhearinglossusinganyofthesevenmeasurements;ROCanalysesrevealedareasunderthecurvesrangingfrom0.57to0.73.Optimalaccuracywasobtainedwithathresholdof1.75mmasmeasuredattheaqueductalapertureintheP€oschlplane,withsensitivityof0.75andspecificityof0.63.AlthoughtheradiologicmeasurementmaynotserveasareliabletoolforassessingseverityofEVA,P€oschlplanereformattinghasproventobebetterthanconventionalaxialacquisitionplaneforidentifyingpatientswithclinicallysignificanthearingloss.

简介：BackgroundAcuteinferiorandanteriormyocardialinfarctionoftenleadstorightventricular(RV)functiondecrease.EstimationofRVfunctionischallengingduetothecomplexRVgeometry.Fewstudieshavebeenconductedtoinvestiogatetheeffectsofacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)onrightventricularfunctions(RVFs).Two-dimensionSpeckleTrackingImaging(STI)isanovelmethodthatallowsforasegmentbasedmeasurementofmyocardialdeformationandmayhavethepotentialtoquantifyRVdysfunctionmorepreciselythantheconventionalparametersofRVfunction.Therefore,inthisstudyweanalyzedtheRVfunctioninAMIpatientsbyusingthisnoveltechnique.MethodsThirty-fourpatientswithacuteinferiormyocardialinfarction(AIMI),31patientswithacuteanteriormyocardialinfarction(AAMIand30agematchedhealthyindividualswereenrolledforthestudy.2Dspeckletrackingimaging(STI)wasusedtoobtain2Dimagingattheapicalfour-chamberviewunderrestcondition.Peaksystolicstrainsandstrainratesofallsegmentsinrightventricularfreewallwereanalyzed.ResultsComparedtothenormalcontrolgroup,longitudinalpeaksystolicstrain(ε),strainrate(SRs),earlydiastolicstrainrate(SRe)andlatediastolicstrainrate(SRa)inallsegmentsofrightventricularfreewallweresignificantlylowerinAMIpatients.ε,SRs,SReandSRaofeachsegmentofRVintheAIMIgroupweredecreasedsignificantlythanthoseofthenormalcontrolgroup(P<0.05).ε,SRs,SReandSRaofeachsegmentofRVintheAAMIgroupwerelowerthantheseinthecontrolgroup.ExceptforbasalsegmentalSRa,thereweresignificantdifferencesamongotherparameters(P<0.05).ConclusionsRVFsareimpairedinAMIpatients.RVFscouldbeaccuratelyandsensitivelyassessedwithSTI.

简介：

简介：BackgroundTwo-dimensionalspeckletrackingimaging(2D-STI)andreal-timethree-dimensionalechocardiography(RT-3DE)havemoreadvantagesinevaluatingleftventricular(LV)systolicdyssynchronythantraditionalechocardiographictechniques.ThestudyaimedtoevaluateLVdyssynchronyparametersbyboth2D-STIandRT-3DE,andthecorrelationbetweenthesetwotechniques.MethodsAtotalof43chronicheartfailure(CHF)patientsand27healthyvolunteerswereenrolled.Therewere23dyssynchronyparametersselectedtoevaluateleftventricularsystolicsynchronization,involving15from2D-STIand8fromRT-3DE.ResultsFewofthedyssynchronyparametersshowednegativecorrelationswithLVejectionfraction(LVEF)intheCHFgroup.Thedifferencebetweentimetopeak-systolicradialstrainoftheanteroseptalandposteriorsegmentsatthelevelofpapillarymuscles[AS-P(RS)]from2D-STIshowedpositivecorrelationswithpartsoftheparametersfromRT-3DE(P<0.05).ConclusionsLVsystolicdysfunctiondoesnotcorrelatewithdyssynchrony.Moreover,thereisaweakassociationbetween2D-STIandRT-3DEinassessmentofleftventriculardyssynchrony.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheefficacyandsafetyofkryptonlaserperipheraliridoplasty(LPIP)forChinesepatientswithprimaryangleclosure(PAC)orprimaryangle-closureglaucoma(PACG)statuspostlaseriridotomyinreversingthepositiveresultsofthedarkroomprovocativetest(DRPT).METHODS:Thisstudywasprospective,noncomparative,interventionalcaseseries.Thirty-threepatients(thirty-eighteyes)withPACorPACGstatuspostpatentlaseriridotomyandmaintainednormalintraocularpressure(IOP)butwithpositiveDRPTresultswereenrolled.AllthesubjectsweretreatedwithkryptonLPIP.DRPTwasrepeatedafterkryptonLPIP.ResultsofDRPTwererecorded.Thevisualacuity,IOPandgonioscopywereanalyzedbeforeandafterkryptonLPIP.Aminimumtimelimitforfollow-upwas6mo.RESULTS:Thirty-threepatients(thirty-eighteyes)werefollowedfor17.7±8.37mo(range7-41mo)afterLPIP.PositiveresultsofDRPTdecreasedfrom38eyesto9eyes(23.7%)afterLPIP.Peripheralanteriorsynechiaeofanglein34of38eyes(89.5%)remainedunchangedatdynamicgonioscopythroughoutthefollow-upperiodafterLPIP.CONCLUSION:LPIPdecreasedpositiveratesoftheDRPTsignificantly.ThemechanismmaybethatLPIPminimizedcontactbetweentheperipheralirisandtrabecularmeshwork,whichisakeyfactorfordevelopingperipheralanteriorsynechiae.