简介：Injurytoaxonsclosetotheneuronalbodiesinthemammaliancentralnervoussystemcausesalargeproportionofparentingneuronstodegenerate.Itisknownthatopticnervetransectionclosetotheeyeinrodentsleadstoalossofabouthalfofretinalganglioncellsin1weekandabout90%in2weeks.Usinglowlevellasertreatmentinthepresentstudy,wedemonstratedthattreatmentwithhelium-neon(660nm)laserwith15mWpowercoulddelayretinalganglioncelldeathafteropticnerveaxotomyinadulthamsters.Theeffectwasmostapparentinthefirstweekwithashortperiodoftreatmenttime(5minutes)inwhich65–66%ofretinalganglioncellssurvivedtheopticnerveaxotomywhereas45–47%ofretinalganglioncellsdidsoinopticnerveaxotomycontrols.Wealsofoundthatsingledoseandearlycommencementoflaserirradiationwereimportantinprotectingretinalganglioncellsfollowingopticnerveaxotomy.Thesefindingsthusconvincinglyshowthatappropriatelasertreatmentmaybeneuroprotectivetoretinalganglioncells.更多还原

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简介：BACKGROUND:Exposuretolow-levelleadhasatoxiceffectonthedevelopmentofneonates,whichhasattractedwideattention.Colostrumleadlevelcanbeusedastheindicationofleadexposure.OBJECTIVE:Toobservetherelationshipofcolostrumleadlevelandtheneurobehavioraldevelopmentofinfants.DESIGN:Aprospectivecontrolobservation.SETTING:CenterforMaternalandChildHealth,ShanxiProvincialChildren'sHospital.PARTICIPANTS:Totally128neonatesoffull-termnormaldelivery,76maleand52female,fromShanxiProvincialMaternalandChildHealthCenterandJiexiuMaternalandChildHealthCenterwereinvolvedinthisstudy.Alltheinvolvedneonateshadnoperipartalischemic/hypoxichistoryorfetusintrauterinedevelopmentallag.Pregnantwomenhadnovariousacuteandchronicdiseasesinpregnancy,familyhistoryofneurologicaldiseaseoroccupationalleadexposure.128portionsofcolostrumsampleoffull-termnormaldeliverywerecollected.Informedconsentsofdetecteditemswereobtainedfromthepuerperantsandtheirrelatives.METHODS:①Experimentalgrouping:Leadlevelinthecolostrumwasdeterminedbyatomicabsorptionspectrometry.Accordingtoleadlevelinthecolostrum,theneonateswereclassifiedintotwoexposuregroupsofgreaterthanorequalto0.24μmol/Linahigh-levelleadgroupandlessthan0.24μmol/Linalow-levelleadgroup.②Experimentalevaluation:Mentaldevelopmentalindex(MDI)andpsychologicaldevelopmentalindex(PDI)of3-month-oldinfantswereevaluatedwithBayleyScalesofInfantDevelopment(BSID).TherelationshipsofMDI,PDIandcolostrumleadlevelwereperformedcorrelationregressionanalysis;Therelationshipofcolostrumleadlevelanddevelopmentwasperformedmulti-factoranalysiswithfamilyenvironmentandhealthquestionnaires.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:①EvaluationresultsofMDIandPDI.②Multi-factoranalysisresults.RESULTS:Totally128neonateswereinvolvedinthestudy.Tenandelevenneonateswerelostduetoemigra